FIVE YEAR PLANS 1928-41

FIVE YEAR PLANS 1928-41

1. why were the 5 year plans introduced

   • stalin wanted more exports and less imports
   • ussr needed to become a superpower to keep up with the west
   • wanted to modernise Russia.... through industrialization he could modernise agriculture aswell as industry
   • felt that they needed to go through industrialisation to get to the socialist state wanted, which was based on the power base of the working class

2. FIRST 5YP

   • focused on heavy industry
   • set up the creation of new super factories
     • magnitogorsk
   • successes
     • coal 35 million in 1928 to 68million in 1932
     • steel from 4 million tonnes to 6 in 1932
     • Helped reduce the gap between themselves and the Western superpowers
   • failures
     • 7-10 million people died
     • neglect of consumer industries
       • production of shoes went down so they were expensive also there were too many left boots produced, and not enough right boots
     • decline in working conditions
   • 1928-32

3. Second 5YP

   • focused on production of consumer goods
   • also the needs for defence during the rise of Hitler
   • Stalin prioritised communication network
     • moscow underground railway
   • successes
     • stakanovite movement in 1935 stakanov produced over 14 times the required amount
       • the party could promote the stakhonovite movement through the media
       • workers were inspired or shamed into working harder
   • failures
     • overproduction in some areas of the economy and underproduction in others
     • "everywhere there were said to be spies wreckers and diversionists"
     • defence spending increased by 300% 1933-38
     • tagets set for workers were increased and non of them were met
     • the gap between 'workers wages' and 'better paid proffesionals' widened which displayed capitalism
   • 1932-37

4. 3rd 5 year plan

   • 1937-41
   • particular focus on defence sector due to growing threat of nazi germany
   • expand the provision of secondary education throughout the USSR
   • successes
     • heavy industry grew... defence and armaments grew rapidly as resources were diverted to them
   • failures
     • oil production failed to reach targets and lead to a fuel crisis
     • consumer industries were neglected again
     • manufacturers ran short of materials
   • focus on gaining control through propaganda