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pituitary:

two halves

anterior(adeno) and posterior

ANTERIOR

glandular tissue- epithelial tissue

Posterior

Nerve tissue

Infundibulum

ANTERIOR

embryonically it came from the roof of your mouth

endocrine tissue- vascular- secondary capillary plexus

cells make hormones- dumped into the blood stream

tropic-trophic-or-tropins hormones- travel to their targets- they will feed on them and they will grow

Stimulating hormones-

TSH- thyroid stimulating hormone- thyrotropin- released and goes to the thyroid gland and stimulates it, which causes it to produce and release thyroid hormones

ACTH-Adrenocorticotropic hormone- going to the adreno cortex- produce and release hormones

FSH-and -LH- follicle stimulating hormone- luteinizing hormone- often released together- going to ovaries or testies. AKA gonatotropin

GH-Growth hormone- somatotropin- goes everywhere- stimulates total body growth

Prolactin- lactation- mamary gland- stimulates milk production

Neuro hypothesis- nerve tissue- extention of the hypothalamus

POSTERIOR PITUITARY

infundibulum connect it to the hypothalamus

ADH targets kidneys- thirst- anti-diuretic

Oxytocin- targets uterus- contraction

axons will synapse on pituitary glands

ADH and Oxytocin-hormones being made in the cell bodies of neurons in hypothalamus then travel down to axon terminals in pituitary .posterior pituitary

Hypothalmic Control of the Anterior Pituitary

controled with hormones

produced by hypothalamic neurons, terminates at the top of infundibulum at capilary bed, all of the blood from capilary travels to the second capilary bed inside the anterior pituitary- connected by portoveinials

RH

TRH- thyrotropin releasing hormone

releasing hormone- comes from hypothalamus

membrain receptors- used second messenger transportation

CRH- Corticotropin releasing hormone

trigger the release of the adrinocorticotropic hormones

gonadotropin releasing hormone

GHRH- Growth Hormone releasing hormone- comes from hypothalamis

targets cells to releasing growth hormone

Prolactin releasing hormone- hypothalamus to anteiror pituitary

IH

PIH-Prolatin Inhibiting Hormone- stops prolatin being released

GHIH- Growth Hormone Inhibiting Hormone- blocks the release of growth hormone- also blocks TSH- also produced in GI tract

Feedback

Negative feedback - correcting a deviation from the set point

Positive Feedback-

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MICRO CHAPTER 4

Stains

SIMPLE- one stain

DIFFERENTIAL- Gram Stain 1 Crystal Violet (Primary stain) 2. Iodine (Mordant) 3. Alcohol (Decolorizer) 4. Safranin (counterstain)- acid fast stain

STRUCTURAL- flagella- endospores-

ELECTRON MICROSCOPY-

Mophology-

Biochemicl characteristic