Internal forces - created from Mind Map

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Normal forces or axial force

Shear forces

Bending moment

perpendicular to the section; from normal stress distribution

responsible for changing volume and causing compression and tension

acting along the surface; from shear stress distribution

responsible for changing shape of the object and causing deformation

is the reaction induced in a structural element when an external force or moment is applied to the element causing the element to bend.

responsible for bending the object