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2.Nikolai

Trrrubetzkoy (1890-1938)

Jackson Martinet.

Principles

of Phonology (1939)

‘sound’ :

objective physical fact/element of the functional system : speech/language

Study of

speech : phonetics

Study of

language : phonology

1/

Inventory of phonemes

Phoneme :

minimal linguistic distinctive unit.

2/ system :

phonological content

T + cons

alveolar plosive voiceless

D + cons

alveolar plosive voiced

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Combination

No words beginning by /ps___/

But several finishing by /___ps/

Morphophonology

Plural morphemes : regular /-s/ (3

realizations : iz, s, z)

Iz : after a sibilant sound

S : voiceless after other sibilant

Z : voiced other sibilant

3/ Roman Jakobson (1896-1982)

-

Phonology

-

Universals

-

Acquisition,

child language

-

Pathologies

: aphasia

-

Poetic

-

Functions

“communication schema”

-

Markedness

theory

Referent

(referential)

(emotive / expressive) Sender – message (poetic) – receiver (conative)

Channel (phatic)

Code (metalinguistic)

4.

Functional Sentence Perspective Vilem Mathesius

Distribution

of information in linguistics

Distribution

=/ information

A message

should normally contain a new information (rheme) and also contain old

information (theme) old info would be introduced before new information.