CLC Latin: About the Language #1

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Nouns

The noun PUELLA ('girl') belongs to the 1st declension.

The nouns SERVUS ('slave'), PUER ('boy') and TEMPLUM ('temple') belong to the 2nd declension.

The nouns MERCATOR ('merchant'), LEO ('lion'), CIVIS ('citizen'), REX ('king'), URBS ('city') and NOMEN ('name') belong to the 3rd declension.

1st declension 2nd declension 3rd declension

gender fem. masc. masc. neut. masc. masc. masc. masc. fem. neut.

SINGULAR

nominative puella servus puer templum mercator leo civis rex urbs nomen

and vocative (voc. serve)

accusative puellam servum puerum templum mercatorem leonem civem regem urbem nomen

genitive (of) puellae servi pueri templi mercatoris leonis civis regis urbis nominis

dative (to, for) puellae servo puero templo mercatori leoni civi regi urbi nomini

PLURAL

nominative puellae servi pueri mercatores leones cives reges urbes

and vocative

accusative puellas servos pueros mercatores leones cives reges urbes

genitive (of) puellarum servorum puerorum mercatorum leonum civium regum urbium

dative (to, for) puellis servis pueris mercatoribus leonibus civibus regibus urbibus

Adjectives

The adjective BONUS ('good') belongs to the 1st declension and 2nd declension.

SINGULAR PLURAL

masc. fem. neut. masc. fem.

nominative bonus bona bonum boni bonae

and vocative (voc. bone)

accusative bonum bonam bonum bonos bonas

genitive (of) boni bonae boni bonorum bonarum

dative (to, for) bono bonae bono bonis boni

The adjective FORTIS ('brave') belongs to the 3rd declension.

SINGULAR PLURAL

masc. and fem. masc. and fem.

nominative fortis fortes

and vocative

accusative fortem fortes

genitive (of) fortis fortium

dative (to, for) forti fortibus

Comparatives & Superlatives

The comparative and superlative are formed like this:

nominative accusative comparative superlative

('more...') ('very...')

longus longum longior longissimus

long longer very long

pulcher pulchrum pulchrior pulcherrimus

beautiful more beautiful very beautiful

fortis fortem fortior fortissimus

brave braver very brave

ferox ferocem ferocior ferocissimus

fierce more fierce very fierce

NOTE: the comparative and superlative forms change their endings in the usual way to indicate case, number and gender.

Some adjectives form their comparatives and superlatives irregularly:

bonus melior optimus

good better very good, best

magnus maior maximus

big bigger very big

AND

multus plus plurimus

much more very much

WHICH BECOMES N THE PLURAL:

multi plures plurini

many more very many

Pronouns 1: ego, tu, nos, vos, se

Latin words for 'I', 'you' (singular), 'me', etc.:

nominative ego tu

accusative me te

dative mihi tibi

Latin words for 'we', 'you' (plural), 'us', etc.:

nominative nos vos

accusative nos vos

dative nobis vobis

Latin words for 'with me', 'with you', etc.:

mecum tecum

with me with you

nobiscum vobiscum

with us with you

Latin words for 'himself', 'herself' or 'themselves'. Same for both singular and plural, and it has no nominative case:

SINGULAR PLURAL

accusative se se

dative sibi sibi

Pronouns 2: hic, ille, eum

The word HIC has different forms which mean 'this' when in its singular forms and 'these' when in its plural forms.

SINGULAR PLURAL

masc. fem. neut. masc. fem.

nominative hic haec hoc hi hae

accusative hunc hanc hoc hos has

The word ILLE has different forms which mean 'that' when in its singular forms and 'those' when in its plural forms.

SINGULAR PLURAL

masc. fem. neut. masc. fem.

nominative ille illa illud illii illae

accusative illum illam illud illos illas

The word EUM means 'him', 'her' or 'them'.

SINGULAR PLURAL

masc. fem. masc. fem.

accusative eum eam eos eas

genitive (of) eius eius eorum earum

dative (to, for) ei ei eis eis

Nouns

Adjectives

COmparatives & superlatives

Pronouns 1

pronouns 2