Translation Techniques

Translation Techniques

1. Methods

   • Methods relate whole texts, and procedures are used for sentences
   • Those are divide into
     • Semantic translation
     • Free translation
     • Faithful translation
     • Word-for-word translation
       • A word-for-word translation can be used in some languages.
     • Communicative translation
     • Literal translation
       • Zhongying (1994: 97), it is agreed by many that one should translate literally or appeal to free translation."
       • In which the SL grammatical constructions are converted to their nearest TL equivalents.

2. Procedures

   • Notes
     • These are additional information in a translation.
   • Methods relate whole texts, and procedures are used for sentences.
   • Naturalization
   • Transference
   • transpositions
     • Hervey and Higgins (1986) also propose it as cultural transplantation.
   • Couplets
     • It occurs when the translator combines two different procedures. (Newmark, 1988b:91)
   • Componential analysis
   • Synonymy

3. Strategies

   • Furthermore, Bell (1998:188) differentiates between global and local strategies.
     • Global (with whole texts) and local (with text segments)
       • Translating without interruption
       • Correcting surface errors
   • Strategies "involve the basic tasks and procedures explain the meaning.
   • Krings (1986:18) "translator's potentially conscious plans for solving."
   • Seguinot (1989) three global strategies employed by the translators.
     • Translating without interruption
     • Leaving the monitoring

4. Techniques

   • Direct Translation Techniques
     • Borrowing
     • Calque
     • Literal Translation
   • Oblique Translation Techniques
     • Transposition
       • Process where parts of speech change their sequence when they are translated.
     • Modulation
     • Adaptation
       • It is used mainly for plays (comedies) and poetry.
     • Compensation

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