Innate Immunity :)

Innate Immunity :)

1. Physical Barriers

   • Skin
   • Mucosa
   • Acidic pH
   • Tears (antiseptic)
   • Cilia
   • Enzymes
   • Microcidal molecules

2. First Line Defense

3. Normal Microbial Flora

4. Serum Proteins

   • Complement (Cascade)
     • Classical
       • Antigen-Antibody
         • More common one
     • Alternative
       • Spontaneous
         • Ex: Bacterial Toxins
       • all 3 lead to C3 convertsase
         • Cleaves
           • C3a
             • anaphalotoxin
               • Mast cell degranulation
                 • Release Histamine
                   • Increased Vasodilation
                 • Release Bradykinin
                   • Increased Vascular Permeability
                     • Rolling Adhesion of Leukocytes
                       • • • • • Vasodilation
                                 • blood flow slows down
                                   • allows monocytes to roll along epithelial edges
                         • S
                           • S
                             • S
                               • S
                           • Selectins
                             • Binds to glycoproteins on leukocyte to slow it down
                           • I
                             • I
                               • I
                                 • I
                             • Integrins
                               • Activated by neutrophil activation
                               • Stops monocyte
                           • L
                             • L
                               • L
                                 • L
                                   • L
                                     • Diapedesis
                                       • macrophage goes into the epithelium to site of injury
                             • Leukocyte
                         • epithelium
                           • IL-1
                             • TNF alpha
                               • Chemokines increases adhesiveness of epithelial cells
                       • Pathogen
                       • Break in Epithelium
                         • IL-8 released
                           • chemotaxis
                             • leukocytes come over
                               • 1. Neutrophils
                                 • 2. Antigen Presenting Cells
                                   • Dendritic Cells
                                   • Macrophages
                                   • Go off to lymph node to present antigen
                                     • Start of Acquired Immunity
                               • 3. Natural Killer Cells
                                 • Detects clumps of bacteria
                                   • Clumping due to antibodies
                         • Prostaglandins released
               • Promotes Inflammation
                 • Loss of functionality
                   • Swelling
                     • Pain
                       • Heat
                     • Redness
           • C3b
             • Leads to cleaving of C5
               • C5a
               • C5b
                 • C5b-9
                   • Membrane Attack Complex (MAC)
             • Complement
               • Opsonin
                 • Coats bacteria
                   • Enhances chemotaxis and phagocytosis
     • Mannase-Binding Lectin
       • Interact with bacteria directly