What is Poiseuille's law?

Where is the highest resistance found?

Describe the general histology of the trachea

Describe the general histology of the bronchioles

Describe the innervation of the airways

How is it stimulated?

What type of innervation is not present in the airways?

What is present instead?

How does CO2 affect the airway diameter?

What do mast cells do?

What do mechanical receptors do to airway diameter?

What is NANC innervation?

Describe radial traction

Describe alveolar interdependence

Why is there higher resistance in COPD patients?

Describe what anti-cholinergics/muscarinic antagonists such as Ipratropium do?

Describe the physiology of those who have asthma

Describe the action of B2 agonists such as salbutamol and salmeterol/turbutaline

Describe the action of methylxanthines such as PDE inhibitors and theophylline/aminophylline

How would you test for asthma?

Describe how monoclinal anti-IgE antibodies such as Omalizumab work

Describe aspirin-induced asthma

Treatment adjunct?

Describe how sodium cromoglicate/cromolyn works

Describe how corticosteroids such as Bleclamethazone work

Describe how drugs such as Zileuton and Montelukast targets leukotriene pathways

How do histamine receptor antagonists such as Ketotifen work?

Describe the alveolar gas tensions. What do they set?

What sets the PCO2 and PO2 in the blood leaving the lungs?

What 2 factors determine alveolar PCO2 tensions?

Describe their effects

What 2 calculations can be used to calculate PACO2?

How does PACO2 remain constant?
At what value is this?

What is PaCO2 a clinical measure of?

Define hyper/hypoventilate

What is the alveolar gas equation?

Uses of the alveolar gas equation

What is Graham's law?

Does CO2 diffuse slower or faster than O2?

What does diffusion of a gas through liquid depend on?

What is Henry's law?

CO2 diffuses 20 times more easily than O2.

What are the clinical implications of this?

What is uptake of a gas into blood dependent on?

Equation for the diffusion constant

How is it measured in a real life scenario?

What is the pulmonary diffusing capacity reduced by?

How might a patient present clinically is their pulmonary diffusing capacity (DL) is reduced?