How much alcohol is absorbed in the stomach
20%
90%
5%
0.5%
How much alcohol is metabolized by the liver?
How much alcohol is excreted by urine?
How is alcohol absorbed along the entire GI tract?
simple diffusion
active transport
osmosis
ion gated channels
What do alcoholic beverages primarily consist of?
water
starch
ethanol
sugar
protein
lipids
Which of these factors will allow you to drink more alcohol for a lower blood alcohol level content?
weight
Male
Female
empty stomach
full stomach
carbonated mixers
Which of the following statements is true?
Class 1 ADHs have a low Km for ethanol
Class 1 ADHs have the lowest specificity for EtOH
CYP2E1 has a lower Km for ethanol than class 1 ADHs
Chronic alcohol consumption suppresses P450 enzyme systems
Acute effects of ethanol arise from the increased NAD+/NADH ratio
What are the two primary pathways of alcohol metabolism? C❌ A❌ D❌ (ADH) M❌ ethanol-o❌ s❌ (MEOS)
Which pathway is used for beaking down small amounts of alcohol?
Cytosol Alcohol Dehydrogenase
Microsomal Ethanol-oxidizing system
Which pathway is important for breaking down large amounts of alcohol?
Microsonmal Ethanol-Oxidizing System
Alcohol dehyrogenase
What can alcohol be metabolized to in the colon?
acetaldehyde
dangerous bacteria
What is the alcohol metabolized by in the colon?
Colon Bacterial ADH
Bacteria
amalase
MEOS
What is acetaldehyde?
a toxic compound
a non-toxic compount
What is one major effect of low doses of alcohol?
slowing the citric cycle
use of MEOS
chance of alcoholism
stomach issues
*** what is alcohol dehydrogenase?
a family of isoenzymes
cool
Which ADH has the highest specificity for ethanol?
class 1 ADHs
class 2 ADHs
class 4 ADHs
they're all equal
How many genes are there for class 1 ADH?
1
2
3
4
5
What do the genes for class 1 ADH exist as?
allelic variants
polymorphisms
which ADH class is high in the liver?
what ADH class can be found in GIT?
which of these two are functional polymorphisms
ADH 1A and ADH 1C
ADH 2A and ADH 1C
ADH 1X and ADH X
***what can partially account for observed differences in ethanol elimination rates among individuals or population?
functional polymorphisms
eating habits
Possession of which allele is associated with decreased susceptibility to alcoholism?
ADH 1B*2
ADH 1B*3
ADH 1A*2
ADH 1A*3
What does ADH1B*2 code for?
a relatively fast ADH
a relative slow ADH
ALDH = A D
What type of ALDH is cytosolic?
ALDH 1
ALDH 2
ALDH 3
What does accumulation of acetylaldehyde cause?
nausea
vomiting
chest pains
hunger
thirst
What can an ALDH inhibitor be used for?
Drug treatment for alcoholism
cure for thirst
it can't be used for anything, it's toxic
liver repair
what does metabolism of acetate require?
activation to acetyl CoA
deactivation from acetyl CoA
reduction of Fatty Acids
removal of a phosphate group
