Flashcards
Chapter 10--Emotional Development, Temperament, and Attachment
Flashcards do conjunto (43)
- 1basic emotionsanger, sadness, joy, surprise, fear
- 2complex emotionsembarrassment, shame, guilt, envy, pride
- 3self-evaluative emotionsshame, guilt, and pride
- 4emotional display rulesculturally defined rules specifying which emotions should or should not be expressed under which circumstances
- 5emotional self-regulationstrategies for managing emotions or adjusting emotional arousal to an appropriate level of intensity
- 6social referencingthe use of others' emotional expressions to infer the meaning of otherwise ambiguous situations
- 7emotional competenceconsists of competent emotional expressivity, competent emotional knowledge, and competent emotional regulation
- 8social competenceability to achieve personal goals in social interactions while continuing to maintain positive relationships with others
- 9competent emotional expressivityfrequent expressions of more positive emotions and relatively infrequent displays of negative ones
- 10competent emotional knowledgethe ability to correctly identify other people's feelings and the factors responsible for those emotions
- 11competent emotional regulationthe ability to adjust one's experience and expression of emotional arousal to an appropriate level of intensity to successfully achieve one's goals
- 12temperamenta person's characteristic modes of responding emotionally and behaviorally to environmental events such as activity level, irritability, feafulness, and sociability
- 13fearful distress (temperament)wariness, distress, and withdrawal in new situations or in response to novel stimuli
- 14irritable distress (temperament)fussiness, crying and showing distress when desires are frustrated (sometimes called frustration/anger)
- 15positive affect (temperament)frequency of smiling, laughing, willingness to approach others and to cooperate with them (called sociability by some researchers)
- 16activity level (temperament)amount of gross motor activity (i.e., kicking, crawling)
- 17rhythmicity (temperament)regularity/predictability of bodily functions such as eating, sleeping and bowel functioning
- 18synchronized routinesgenerally harmonious interactions between two persons in which participants adjust their behavior in response to the partner's feelings and behaviors
- 19asocial phase (of attachment)approximately the first 6 weeks of life, in which infants respond in an equally favorable way to interesting social and nonsocial stimuli
- 20phase of indiscriminate attachmentsthe period between 6 weeks and 6 to 7 months of age in which infants prefer social to nonsocial stimulation and are likely to protest whenever any adult puts them down or leaves them alone
- 21phase of specific attachmentthe period between 7 and 9 months of age when infants are attached to one close companion (usually the mother)
- 22secure basethe use of a caregiver as a base from which to explore the environment and to which to return for emotional support
- 23phase of mutiple attachmentsthe period when infants are forming attachments to companions other than their primary attachment object
- 24secondary reinforceran initially neutral stimulus that acquires reinforcement value by virtue of its repeated association with other reinforcing stimuli
- 25Psychoanalytic Theory of Attachment"I love you because you feed me"
Freud
Young infants are oral, satisfaction from suckling, attracted to anyone who provides oral pleasure
Mother = security, affection, relaxed and generous feeding practices - 26Learning Theory of Attachment"I love you because you reward me"
Feed and gratify their needs -- associate mother with pleasant or pleasurable sensations - 27secondary reinforceran initially neutral stimulus that acquires value by virtue of its repeated association with other reinforcing stimuli
- 28Cognitive-Development Theory of Attachment"To love you, I must know that you will always be there"
Infant must be able to discriminate familiar companions from strangers and object permanence - 29Contemporary Theory of Attachmentbiological + behavioral
- 30imprintingan innate or instinctual form of learning in which the young of certain species will follow and become attached to moving objects (usually their mothers)
- 31preadapted characteristican attribute that is a product of evolution and serves some function that increases the chances of survival for the individual and the species
- 32kewpie doll effectthe notion that infantlike facial features are perceived as cute and lovable and elicit favorable responses from others
- 33stranger anxietya wary or fretful reaction that infants and toddlers often display when approached by an unfamiliar person
- 34separation anxietya wary or fretful reaction that infants and toddlers often display when separated from the person(s) to whom they are attached
- 35Strange Situationa series of eight separation and reunion episodes to which infants are exposed in order to determine the quality of their attachments
- 36secure attacmentan infant-caregiver bond in which the child welcomes contact with a close companion and uses this person as a secure base from which to explore the environment
- 37resistant attachmentan insecure infant-caregiver bind, characterized by strong separations protest and a tendency of the child to remain near but resist contact initiated by the caregiver, particularly after a separation
- 38avoidant attachmentan insecure infant-caregiver bond, characterized by little separation protest and a tendency of the child to avoid or ignore the caregiver
- 39disorganized/disoriented attachmentan insecure infant-caregiver bond, characterized by the infant's dazed appearance on reunion or a tendency to first seek and then abruptly avoid the caregiver
- 40Attachment Q-set (AQS)an alternative method of assessing attachment security that is based on observations of the child's attachment-related behavior at home; can be used with infants, toddlers, and preschool children
- 41amaea Japanese concept that refers to an infant's feeling of total dependence on his or her mother and the presumption of mother's love and indulgence
- 42caregiving hypothesisAinsworth's notion that the type of attachment that an infant develops with a particular caregiver depends primarily on the kind of caregiving he or she has received from that person
- 43internal working modelscognitive representations of self, others, and relationships that infants construct from their interactions with caregivers
Informações
- Descrição
- O usuário eliminou as informações de disciplina FlashCards sobre Chapter 10--Emotional Development, Temperament, and Attachment, criado por Usuário eliminado em 27-03-2018.
- Criado por
- Usuário eliminado · mar 2018
- Atualizado
- 27 mar 2018
- Visualizações
- 10
- Histórico
-
- Criado por Naomi Nakasone · 27 mar 2018
- Copiado por Naomi Nakasone · 27 mar 2018
- Avaliação