Flashcards
Hormones III
Flashcards do conjunto (40)
- 1What is each adrenal gland equiv. to2 endocrine organs
- 2What's on outer/innerOuter adrenal cortex under hormonal control
Inner adrenal medulla which functions independently - 3Structure of adrenal medullaModded part of SNS
Specialised sympathetic ganglion - 4Hormones of adrenal medulla areCatecholamine epinephrine/norepinephrine
amino acid-derived tyrosine hormones - 5What is the medulla chiefly composed ofChromaffin cells which produce adrenaline/noradrenaline
- 6What are chromaffin cells?Specialised postganglionic neurons
- 7What is the adrenal medulla stimulated by?Preganglionic thoracic sphlanchnic nerve fibres
- 8What is the neurotransmitter?Acetylcholine
- 9What is the purpose of these hormones?Prepare body for acute stress
- 10Major effects of adrenaline on the CV system (5)1. Increased HR + stroke volume.
2. Increased systolic BP.
3. Vasodilation of coronary + skeletal muscle BVs.
4. Vasoconstriction of BV to nonessential tissues.
5. Bronchodilation. - 11Metabolic effects1. Liver converts glycogen to glucose
2. Increased met. rate
3. BF altered, decreased digestive system activity and urine output. - 12Adrenaline receptorsAlpha 1,2
Beta 1,2,3
(Reacts w/ Beta most) - 13Adrenal CortexZona Glomerulosa - Mineralocorticoids -aldosterone
Zona Fasciculata - Glucocorticoids - Cortisol
Zona Reticularis - Gonadocorticoids - Androgens - 14What type of hormone are all of these?Steroid hormones
- 15Where are steroid hormone receptors found?In nucleus, as they effect gene transcription
- 16Cholesterol -> Steroid hormonesCholesterol (C27)
Pregnenolone (21)
Progestagens (C21)
Glucocorticoids
Minc.
Androgen (C19) -> Estrogen (C18) - 17What does Z. Glomerulosa lack?17alpha-hydroxylase
- 18What does Z. Fasciculata + Z. Reticularis lack18-hydroxylase
- 1921-hydroxylase deficiencyAll cholesterol converted to androgen in utero
- 20Zona Reticularis weak androgens (ASD DHEAS)Androstenedione
Dehydroepiandrosterone
Converted into testosterone in perinephric tissues - 21Production of sex hormones in malesMainly in gonads
Andrenal male sex hormone production minor in comparison - 22Production of sex hormones in femalesAdrenal gland secretes 1/2 androgenic requirement
- 23What hormone regulates the release of these hormones?ACTH from the A.P.
- 24How is aldosterone secretion regulated?By plasma Na+/K+ levels via Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone system
- 25What are the effects?Controls ECF. Vol.
Increase BP + Vol.
Stim. reabsorption of Na+ in DCT in exchange for K+ - 26What zona is involved in stress/ mental+emotional trauma?Zona Fasciculata - Glucocorticoids
- 27What are the catabolic effects of cortisol on skeletal muscle?Increase protein breakdown
AA-> Glucose via gluconeogenesis - 28What are the catabolic effects of cortisol on adipose tissue?Increased lipolysis -> Free FA + TAG
- 29What are the effects on plasma^ [Glucose] + [Free FA]
- 30What are the effects of cortisol on the immune system?Anti-inflammatory
Suppress AB production and lymphocyte circulation
Useful in transplant patients - 31What controls cortisol release?CRH - Corticotrophin releasing hormone
- 32Draw hormone feedback cycle for cortisola
- 33What are the other roles of ACTH?Maintains adrenal cortex structural integrity
Regulates secretion of Glucocorticoid steroid hormones in response to stress. - 34Symptoms of hyperfunction (6)Cushing's syndrome
Body fat redistribution
Muscle wastage
Thin skin
Hyperglycaemia
Hypertension - 35What receptors does cortisol in excess bindAldosterone - hypertension
- 36What are the causes and symptoms of excessive ADRENAL androgen production?Overproduction of ACTH
Acne, hirsutism, baldness - 37Causes of hypofunction?Damage to adrenal glands
- 38SymptomsDeficit in glucocorticoids and mineralcorticoids
- 39What does excess ACTH do and why?Act as melanocytes to produce melanin as AA sequence of ACTH is similar to MSH
- 40Why is there excessive ACTH?As adrenal gland isn't producing enough andrenal hormones the AP creates more stims. to try and stim cortisol release.
Informações
- Descrição
- O usuário eliminou as informações de disciplina FlashCards sobre Hormones III, criado por Usuário eliminado em 01-05-2018.
- Criado por
- Usuário eliminado · mai 2018
- Atualizado
- 1 mai 2018
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- Criado por J yadonknow · 2 abr 2018
- Copiado por J yadonknow · 1 mai 2018
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