Seth Weaver
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EMT-B EMT Quiz sobre EMT 33, criado por Seth Weaver em 16-06-2018.

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EMT 33

EMT 33

Questão 1 de 67

1

A “silent” heart attack occurs when:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • sweating is the only presentation.

  • the usual chest pain is not present.

  • a sudden dysrhythmia causes death.

  • the patient minimizes the chest pain.

Explicação

Questão 2 de 67

1

A 10% to 20% reduction in brain weight and volume would MOST likely increase an older person's risk for:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • stroke.

  • delirium.

  • dementia.

  • head trauma.

Explicação

Questão 3 de 67

1

A 69-year-old female was involved in a motor vehicle crash. She is semiconscious with a blood pressure of 80/50 mm Hg and a heart rate of 74 beats/min that is weak. Her daughter, who was uninjured in the crash, tells you that her mother has a history of hypertension and takes beta-blockers. Considering the fact that this patient is probably in shock, what is the MOST likely explanation for the absence of tachycardia?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • deterioration of the cardiac conduction system

  • intrathoracic bleeding and cardiac compression

  • the effects of her antihypertensive medication

  • failure of the parasympathetic nervous system

Explicação

Questão 4 de 67

1

A 73-year-old female experienced a syncopal episode while watching TV. She is now conscious, but is diaphoretic, tachycardic, and hypotensive. Your assessment reveals abdominal tenderness and a pulsating mass to the left of her umbilicus. You should be MOST suspicious for:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • an aortic aneurysm.

  • acute appendicitis.

  • a strangulated bowel.

  • myocardial infarction.

Explicação

Questão 5 de 67

1

A 77-year-old female presents with an acute onset of altered mental status. Her son is present and advises that she has a history of hypertension, atrial fibrillation, type 2 diabetes, and glaucoma. He further advises that she takes numerous medications and that she is normally alert. When you assess this patient, it is important to note that:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • because of her age and medical history, you should suspect Alzheimer disease.

  • the patient is experiencing delirious behavior, which suggests a new health problem.

  • her mental status is likely the result of hypoglycemia and you should give her sugar.

  • dementia typically presents as an acute onset of deterioration of cognitive function.

Explicação

Questão 6 de 67

1

A productive cough, fever, and chills in an 80-year-old patient with a compromised immune system should make you MOST suspicious for:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • heart failure.

  • bronchitis.

  • emphysema.

  • pneumonia.

Explicação

Questão 7 de 67

1

A specific legal document that directs relatives and caregivers regarding the medical treatment that may be given to patients who cannot speak for themselves is called a(n):

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • statute of care.

  • power of attorney.

  • physician directive.

  • advance directive.

Explicação

Questão 8 de 67

1

An abdominal aortic aneurysm:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • is usually not repairable, even if discovered early.

  • causes dull pain that often radiates to the shoulders.

  • is often the result of hypertension and atherosclerosis.

  • can sometimes be palpated as a mass in the groin area.

Explicação

Questão 9 de 67

1

An elderly patient may understate or minimize the symptoms of his or her illness because:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • the nervous system has deteriorated.

  • of decreased perception of pain.

  • of conditions such as dementia.

  • he or she fears hospitalization.

Explicação

Questão 10 de 67

1

An older patient with significant dehydration would MOST likely present with:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • an increase in blood pressure upon standing.

  • dizziness or fainting upon standing.

  • weakness to one side of the body.

  • a drop in heart rate upon standing.

Explicação

Questão 11 de 67

1

An older woman with osteoporosis presents with pain and deformity to her left hip after she shifted her weight onto her other foot. She has MOST likely experienced a(n):

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • pathologic fracture.

  • idiopathic fracture.

  • compression fracture.

  • comminuted fracture.

Explicação

Questão 12 de 67

1

Because of the complexity of the older patient and the vagueness of his or her complaint, you should:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • limit your physical examination to the area of pain or injury.

  • rely exclusively on family members for the medical history.

  • attempt to differentiate between chronic and acute problems.

  • perform a rapid assessment on all geriatric patients you treat.

Explicação

Questão 13 de 67

1

Blood levels of medications may rise in the elderly, sometimes to toxic levels. This is MOST likely due to:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • pancreatic failure.

  • renal insufficiency.

  • intentional overdose.

  • splenic dysfunction.

Explicação

Questão 14 de 67

1

Causes of delirium in the older patient include all of the following, EXCEPT:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • acute hypovolemia.

  • Alzheimer disease.

  • low blood sugar level.

  • decreased cerebral perfusion.

Explicação

Questão 15 de 67

1

Clouding of the lenses of the eyes is called:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • retinitis.

  • cataracts.

  • glaucoma.

  • conjunctivitis.

Explicação

Questão 16 de 67

1

Common causes of depression in the elderly include all of the following, EXCEPT:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • chronic medical conditions.

  • prescription medication use.

  • an acute onset of dementia.

  • alcohol abuse and dependence.

Explicação

Questão 17 de 67

1

Common causes of syncope in older patients include all of the following, EXCEPT:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • venous pooling.

  • vasoconstriction.

  • acute hypotension.

  • blood volume loss.

Explicação

Questão 18 de 67

1

During the natural process of aging, the number of functional cilia in the respiratory system decreases, resulting in:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • a decreased ability to cough.

  • baseline respiratory distress.

  • an increased risk of COPD.

  • air-trapping within the alveoli.

Explicação

Questão 19 de 67

1

Findings during the social assessment of an older patient include all of the following, EXCEPT:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • interaction with others.

  • daily activity assistance.

  • outdated medications.

  • delays in obtaining meals.

Explicação

Questão 20 de 67

1

Fractures of the pelvis in older patients often occur as the result of a combination of:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • osteoporosis and low-energy trauma.

  • increased bone density and car crashes.

  • arthritic joints and high-energy trauma.

  • acetabular separation and severe falls.

Explicação

Questão 21 de 67

1

General communication techniques with the elderly include:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • using medical terms to ensure patient understanding.

  • explaining procedures while you are performing them.

  • frequently asking the patient if he or she understands.

  • having at least two EMTs talk to the patient at a time.

Explicação

Questão 22 de 67

1

n contrast to a living will, a “do not resuscitate” (DNR) order becomes valid when:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • the patient has a terminal illness.

  • the patient develops cardiac arrest.

  • the patient is in a health care setting.

  • it is signed by three or more physicians.

Explicação

Questão 23 de 67

1

In contrast to delirium, dementia:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • is usually considered irreversible.

  • is the result of an acute condition.

  • is reversible with certain treatment.

  • often develops over a period of days.

Explicação

Questão 24 de 67

1

n contrast to younger patients, older patients are more prone to a decrease in blood pressure upon standing because:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • their red blood cells are destroyed at a faster than normal rate.

  • the aging process results in an overall increase in blood volume.

  • the baroreceptors have become less sensitive to blood pressure.

  • any change in position causes blood to be shunted to the brain.

Explicação

Questão 25 de 67

1

Many older victims of physical abuse may make false statements or lie about the origin of their injuries because:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • they are protective of the abuser.

  • they do not want to be bothersome.

  • most elderly patients have dementia.

  • they fear retribution from the abuser.

Explicação

Questão 26 de 67

1

Motor nerve neuropathy is characterized by:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • numbness, tingling, and severe muscle pain.

  • loss of bladder control and sensitivity to touch.

  • loss of balance, muscle weakness, and spasms.

  • constipation, low blood pressure, and bradycardia.

Explicação

Questão 27 de 67

1

Osteoporosis is MOST accurately defined as:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • increased flexibility of bone mass.

  • decreased bone marrow production.

  • a decrease in bone mass and density.

  • an abnormality near the growth plate.

Explicação

Questão 28 de 67

1

Patients who have experienced even minor-appearing head injuries should be suspected of having a brain injury, especially if they:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • have minor abrasions to the head area.

  • are taking blood-thinning medications.

  • do not have deformities to the skull.

  • have a history of Alzheimer disease.

Explicação

Questão 29 de 67

1

Poor maintenance of home, poor personal care, and dietary neglect are all possible indications of ____________ elder abuse.

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • physical

  • financial

  • emotional

  • psychological

Explicação

Questão 30 de 67

1

Sedentary behavior while healing from a hip fracture would MOST likely predispose the older patient to:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • pneumonia.

  • osteoporosis.

  • heart failure.

  • schemic stroke.

Explicação

Questão 31 de 67

1

Syncope in the older patient is:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • caused by an interruption of blood flow to the brain.

  • generally of no concern unless the patient was injured.

  • most commonly caused by a silent myocardial infarction.

  • rarely life threatening but should be evaluated by a physician.

Explicação

Questão 32 de 67

1

Talking about an elderly patient in front of him or her to other members of the family:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • often causes the patient to become paranoid and untrusting of your help.

  • may cause the patient to think that he or she has no say in making decisions.

  • will anger the patient and result in his or her refusal to accept care or transport.

  • is usually beneficial because the patient's cognitive skills are typically impaired.

Explicação

Questão 33 de 67

1

The chief component of connective tissues and bones that deteriorates as people age is called:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • fibrin.

  • elastin.

  • sebum.

  • collagen.

Explicação

Questão 34 de 67

1

The EMT should suspect left-sided heart failure in the geriatric patient who presents with:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • fever and a cough that produces green sputum.

  • tachypnea and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea.

  • jugular venous distention and peripheral edema.

  • swelling of the lower extremities and weakness.

Explicação

Questão 35 de 67

1

The leading cause of death in the geriatric patient is:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • hypertension.

  • altered mental status.

  • arthritis.

  • heart disease.

Explicação

Questão 36 de 67

1

The purpose of the GEMS diamond is to:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • help EMS personnel remember what is different about elderly patients.

  • provide the EMT with a standard format for assessing elderly patients.

  • replace the typical ABC approach to patient care when caring for the elderly.

  • provide clues about an elderly patient's problem by observing his or her home.

Explicação

Questão 37 de 67

1

The slow onset of progressive disorientation, shortened attention span, and loss of cognitive function is known as:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • delirium.

  • delusion.

  • paranoia.

  • dementia.

Explicação

Questão 38 de 67

1

The stooped posture of some older people, which gives them a humpback appearance, is called:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • kyphosis.

  • arthritis.

  • scoliosis.

  • miosis.

Explicação

Questão 39 de 67

1

The use of multiple prescription drugs by a single patient, causing the potential for negative effects such as overdosing or drug interaction, is called:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • potentiation.

  • polypharmacy.

  • drug tolerance.

  • drug dependency.

Explicação

Questão 40 de 67

1

To minimize distractions and confusion when assessing an older patient, you should:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • dismiss the family members from the room or area.

  • have only one EMT speak to the patient at a time.

  • elevate your voice and speak directly to the patient.

  • perform a physical exam and then talk to the patient.

Explicação

Questão 41 de 67

1

Upon arriving at the residence of an elderly female who apparently fainted, you find the patient lying supine on her living room floor. She is not moving and her eyes are closed. A neighbor tells you that she found the patient this way, but did not move her. When you talk to the patient, she does not respond. You should:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • suction her airway, apply a cervical collar, administer high-flow oxygen via a nonrebreathing mask, and perform a rapid assessment.

  • open her airway with the head tilt–chin lift maneuver, insert an oral or nasal airway, and assess her blood glucose level to rule out hypoglycemia.

  • direct your partner to manually stabilize her head while you open her airway and ensure that her oropharynx is clear of secretions or blood.

  • begin assisting her ventilations with a bag-mask device while your partner auscultates her lung sounds to ensure adequate positive-pressure ventilation.

Explicação

Questão 42 de 67

1

Upon entering the residence of a geriatric patient with a medical or trauma complaint, the EMT should:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • immediately seek out a family member or other caregiver.

  • observe for conditions that may make the residence unsafe.

  • begin his or her assessment after gathering any medication bottles.

  • talk to the patient after performing his or her primary assessment.

Explicação

Questão 43 de 67

1

When an elderly patient presents you with multiple over-the-counter medications that he or she is taking, it is MOST important to:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • recall that the patient is at risk for negative medication interactions.

  • ask the patient to explain what each of the medications is used for.

  • look up all of the medications before providing care to the patient.

  • contact each of the physicians whose names are on the medications.

Explicação

Questão 44 de 67

1

When assessing a 78-year-old female who complains of shortness of breath, the EMT should:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • give oxygen only if the patient has labored breathing.

  • conclude that the patient is experiencing a heart attack.

  • ask her how many pillows she uses when she sleeps.

  • place the patient supine to see if the problem worsens.

Explicação

Questão 45 de 67

1

When assessing a geriatric patient who has possibly experienced an acute ischemic stroke, it is MOST important to:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • determine the onset of the patient's symptoms.

  • ascertain about a history of atrial fibrillation.

  • administer 324 mg of aspirin as soon as possible.

  • determine if the patient has risk factors for a stroke.

Explicação

Questão 46 de 67

1

When assessing an older patient who has multiple bruises in various stages of healing, the EMT should do all of the following, EXCEPT:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • factually document all findings.

  • accuse a caregiver of physical abuse.

  • ask the patient how the bruises occurred.

  • review the patient's activities of daily living.

Explicação

Questão 47 de 67

1

When caring for a geriatric patient with a traumatic injury, it is important to consider that:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • geriatric patients usually present with little to no pain.

  • decreased bone density often results in incomplete fractures.

  • the injury may have been preceded by a medical condition.

  • geriatric patients typically present with classic signs of shock.

Explicação

Questão 48 de 67

1

When caring for an elderly patient who is hearing-impaired, you should:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • speak directly into his or her ear with an elevated tone.

  • remember that most hearing-impaired patients can read lips.

  • request that he or she communicates with you by writing on paper.

  • recall that elderly patients have difficulty hearing high-frequency sounds.

Explicação

Questão 49 de 67

1

When documenting a case of suspected elder abuse, it is MOST important for the EMT to:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • theorize as to why the patient was abused.

  • document his or her perceptions of the event.

  • list the names of all of the suspected abusers.

  • avoid documenting any unsupported opinions.

Explicação

Questão 50 de 67

1

When explaining the need for a particular procedure to an elderly patient, you should:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • use plain language and simple terms.

  • use the appropriate medical terminology.

  • be complex so the patient fully understands.

  • realize that he or she will not understand you.

Explicação

Questão 51 de 67

1

When faced with a situation in which an older patient with a terminal illness is in cardiac arrest, but written documentation regarding the patient's wishes cannot be located, the EMT should:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • try to locate the documentation.

  • attempt to resuscitate the patient.

  • allow the patient to die in peace.

  • contact medical control for advice.

Explicação

Questão 52 de 67

1

When immobilizing a patient with a kyphotic spine to a long backboard, the EMT would MOST likely have to:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • force the head into a neutral alignment.

  • place blankets behind the patient's head.

  • secure the patient's head before the torso.

  • use a scoop stretcher instead of a log roll.

Explicação

Questão 53 de 67

1

When performing your secondary assessment on an older patient who has been injured, it is important to:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • routinely perform a focused exam to minimize time at the scene.

  • perform an in-depth physical exam prior to initiating any treatment.

  • recall that it will take a less severe mechanism of injury to cause significant injuries.

  • focus your assessment just on the area(s) of pain or obvious injury.

Explicação

Questão 54 de 67

1

When transporting a stable older patient to the hospital, the MOST effective way to reduce his or her anxiety is to:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • allow at least two family members to accompany the patient.

  • transport him or her to a hospital that he or she is familiar with.

  • avoid the use of a long backboard, even if trauma is suspected.

  • perform frequent detailed assessments to gain the patient's trust.

Explicação

Questão 55 de 67

1

Which of the following is NOT a reason why the exact extent and prevalence of elder abuse is unknown?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • It has been largely hidden from society.

  • The definitions of abuse and neglect vary.

  • Human resource agencies fail to investigate.

  • Victims of elder abuse are hesitant to report it.

Explicação

Questão 56 de 67

1

Which of the following is the MOST common mechanism of injury in older patients?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • falls

  • burns

  • abuse

  • suicide

Explicação

Questão 57 de 67

1

Which of the following observations or statements represents the “E” in the GEMS diamond?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Elderly patients present atypically and deserve your respect.

  • The patient's residence is cold due to a malfunctioning heater.

  • A patient is assisted with his or her activities of daily living.

  • The patient's medications have not been filled in 2 months.

Explicação

Questão 58 de 67

1

Which of the following patients is at highest risk for a pulmonary embolism?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • 59-year-old male who is recovering from pneumonia

  • 66-year-old active female with a history of hypertension

  • 71-year-old male with recent surgery to a lower extremity

  • 78-year-old female who takes blood thinning medications

Explicação

Questão 59 de 67

1

Which of the following statements regarding a decreased level of consciousness in the elderly patient is correct?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • A decreased level of consciousness is not a normal part of the aging process.

  • Most elderly patients have some deterioration in their level of consciousness.

  • A decreased level of consciousness is most often the result of chronic dementia.

  • The AVPU scale is an ineffective tool when assessing an elderly patient's level of consciousness.

Explicação

Questão 60 de 67

1

Which of the following statements regarding communications with the elderly is correct?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • The majority of elderly patients are hearing or visually impaired.

  • Attempt to calm the elderly patient by using his or her first name.

  • Explain the justification for a procedure after it has been completed.

  • Older patients have difficulty understanding when they are stressed.

Explicação

Questão 61 de 67

1

Which of the following statements regarding suicide in the older patient is correct?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Older patients tend to use more lethal means than younger patients.

  • Older females have a higher rate of suicide than any other group.

  • Depression and hopeless feelings are often not predisposing factors.

  • Most suicidal patients readily seek care and do not deny the problem.

Explicação

Questão 62 de 67

1

Which of the following statements regarding the aging process is correct?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Aging is a linear process; the rate at which a person loses functions does not increase with age.

  • Because he or she is younger and healthier, a 35-year-old person ages slower than a 75-year-old person.

  • Human growth and development peaks in the late 40s or early 50s, at which point the aging process sets in.

  • The older a person gets, the slower the decline in the function of vital organs, such as the kidneys and liver.

Explicação

Questão 63 de 67

1

With age, the spine stiffens as a result of shrinkage of the intervertebral disc spaces, and the vertebrae become brittle. This increases the risk of:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • severe kyphosis.

  • distracting injuries.

  • spinal cord tearing.

  • compression fractures.

Explicação

Questão 64 de 67

1

You are assessing a 70-year-old female who complains of intense thirst, frequent urination, and dizziness. She has a history of type 2 diabetes, heart disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and gout. Her blood glucose level is 450 mg/dL. She is conscious, but confused. Her blood pressure is 92/52 mm Hg, her pulse rate is 130 beats/min and weak, and her respirations are 22 breaths/min and shallow. This patient's clinical presentation is MOST consistent with:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • diabetic ketoacidosis.

  • hyperglycemia with moderate dehydration.

  • hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic coma (HHNC).

  • acute renal failure with associated hyperglycemia.

Explicação

Questão 65 de 67

1

You are dispatched to a residence for an 80-year-old female who fell. When you arrive, you find the patient conscious, lying in a recumbent position on the floor in her living room. In addition to providing the appropriate treatment, you should ask the patient if:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • she became dizzy or fainted before falling.

  • she attempted to catch herself before falling.

  • a family member regularly checks up on her.

  • she takes medications for Alzheimer disease.

Explicação

Questão 66 de 67

1

You are dispatched to a skilled nursing care facility for an 80-year-old female with abnormal behavior. The patient is clearly confused and asks you if you are her husband. As your partner administers oxygen to the patient, you should:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • determine the patient's baseline mental status.

  • inquire about a history of Alzheimer disease.

  • obtain a complete list of the patient's medications.

  • ask an attendant for the patient's medical records.

Explicação

Questão 67 de 67

1

You receive a call for a sick person. When you arrive, you find the patient, a 75-year-old male, lying unresponsive in his bed. His respirations are slow and irregular and his pulse is slow and weak. His daughter tells you that he fell the day before, but refused to allow her to call 9-1-1. His past medical history is significant for hypothyroidism, deep vein thrombosis, heavy alcohol use, and liver cirrhosis. His medications include blood thinners and vitamins. You should be MOST suspicious that this patient is experiencing:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • acute hyperglycemia.

  • a subdural hematoma

  • acute ischemic stroke.

  • diabetic ketoacidosis.

Explicação

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