Flashcards
Nature vs Nurture
Flashcards do conjunto (19)
- 1NatureBehaviour is seen as the product of innate factors
- 2NurtureBehaviour is a product of environmental influences
- 3The DebateNature - Early nativists argue that human characteristics and even some aspects of knowledge are innate
Nurture - Empiricists argue that the mind is a blank slate at birth, we learn and experience as a result of our environment - 4Heritability CoefficientUsed to assess heredity
Numerical figure ranging from 0-0.1 and determines the extent to which a characteristic has a genetic basis - 5The Debate ContinuedNature - Lerner (1986) identified different levels of the environment
May be defined in narrow pre-natal terms.
Nurture - through post-natal experiences - 6Genetic ExplanationsFamily, twin, and adoption studies show that the closer two individuals are genetically the more likely they are to develop the same behaviours
EG: Concordance rates for Schizophrenia
40% MZ twins and 7% in DZ twins - 7Evolutionary ExplanationsThe principle that a behaviour that promotes survival and reproduction will be naturally selected
EG: Bowbly proposed that attachment was adaptive and meant the infant was more likely to survive - 8Influence of nurtureBehaviourism - assumes all behaviour is learnt through operant and classical conditioning
SLT - Bandura suggested that behaviour is learnt through observation and imitation - 9Importance of heredity and environmentImpossible to answer
Lerner suggests that the environment influences a child from the moment of birth
Nature and nurture are so closely intertwined so one cannot be studied without the other - 10importance of heredity and environmentTwin studies suggest a concordance rate but it is difficult to tell whether a high concordance rate is due to shared genes or shared environment
- 11Interaction of Nature and NurtureRats raised in bare, dark cages have been compared to rats that grow up in stimulating environments
Un-stimulated rats did worse in problem solving tasks and learned more slowly - 12Interactionist ApproachEG: attachment
Attachment patterns are often seen as the result of a 2-way street, in which the child's innate temperament will influence the way the parent interacts with the child and affect the child's behaviour - 13Evidence (Rutter and Rutter 1993)Aggression - Hostility
Described how aggressive children think and behave in ways that lead other children to respond to them in a hostile way
This reinforces the antisocial behaviour child's view of the world
Aggressive children experience aggressiv environments - 14EpigeneticsRefers to the change in our genetic activity without changing out genetic code
Caused by interactions with the world - 15Epigenetics continuedThe marks tell our bodies which genes to use and which to ignore and in turn they influence the genetic code
3rd element of the debate - 16Epigenetics continuedDias and Ressler (2014)
Male lab rats were given electrical shocks every time they were exposed to acetophenone
Rat's children and grandchildren feared the smell - 17Family StudiesIf a family member share a trait more frequently than unrelated people do, then this could mean a genetic influence
Solyom et al (1974) - 18Adoption StudiesSimilarites with the adoptive parent suggest an environmental influence - Nurture
Similarities with the biological parent suggest an innate influence - Nature - 19Twin studiesMZ twins share 100% of their DNA whereas DZ twins share 50%
Holand et al (1988) found 56% MZ concordance in anorexia, and 5% for DZ twins.
If a trait is completely genetic, the concordance rate should be 100%
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- O usuário eliminou as informações de disciplina FlashCards sobre Nature vs Nurture, criado por Usuário eliminado em 01-10-2018.
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- Usuário eliminado · out 2018
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- Criado por Chanelle Titchener · 1 out 2018
- Copiado por Chanelle Titchener · 1 out 2018
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