One timing problem in using fiscal policy to counter a recession is the "recognition lag" that occurs between the
time fiscal action is taken and the time that the action has its effect on the economy.
start of a predicted recession and the actual start of the recession.
start of the recession and the time it takes to recognize that the recession has started.
time the need for the fiscal action is recognized and the time that the action is taken.
A budget surplus means that
government revenues are greater than expenditures in a given year.
a nation's exports are greater than its imports.
government expenditures are greater than revenues in a given year.
a nation's imports are greater than its exports.
The financing of a government deficit increases interest rates and, as a result, reduces investment spending. This statement describes
the supply-side effects of fiscal policy.
the crowding-out effect.
the net export effect.
built-in stability.
Michelle transfers $4,000 from her savings account to her checking account. What effect is this change likely to have on M1 and M2?
M2 increases and M1 stays the same
M1 increases and M2 decreases
M1 decreases and M2 increases
M1 increases and M2 stays the same
Refer to the diagram, in which T is tax revenues and G is government expenditures. All figures are in billions. The budget will entail a deficit
at any level of GDP above $400.
at any level of GDP below $400
at all levels of GDP.
only when GDP is stable.
In the diagram, the economy's immediate-short-run AS curve is line _____, its short-run AS curve is _____, and its long-run AS curve is line _____.
1; 2; 4
1; 2; 3
3; 2; 1
2; 3; 4
Stock market price quotations best exemplify money serving as a
store of value.
medium of exchange.
index of satisfaction.
unit of account.
A contractionary fiscal policy is shown as a
rightward shift in the economy's aggregate supply curve.
movement along an existing aggregate demand curve.
leftward shift in the economy's aggregate demand curve.
rightward shift in the economy's aggregate demand curve.
The lag between the time that the need for fiscal action is recognized and the time action is actually taken is referred to as the
administrative lag.
recognition lag.
operational lag.
crowding-out lag.
Other things equal, if the U.S. dollar were to depreciate, the
aggregate supply curve would shift to the left.
aggregate demand curve would remain fixed in place.
aggregate supply curve would shift to the right.
aggregate demand curve would shift to the left.
In the diagram, a shift from AS1 to AS2 might be caused by
a decrease in the prices of domestic resources.
an increase in business taxes.
stricter government regulations.
an increase in the prices of imported resources.
Paper money (currency) in the United States is issued by the
U.S. Mint.
national banks.
Federal Reserve Banks.
U.S. Treasury.
An increase in expected future income will
decrease aggregate demand and aggregate supply.
increase aggregate demand and aggregate supply.
increase aggregate supply.
increase aggregate demand.
Fiscal policy is enacted through changes in
interest rates and the price level.
the supply of money and foreign exchange.
unemployment and inflation.
taxation and government spending.
If you write a check on a bank to purchase a used car, you are using money primarily as
an economic investment.
a store of value.
a medium of exchange.
a unit of account.
The Federal Reserve System is divided into
7 districts.
15 districts.
5 districts.
12 districts.
The functions of money are to serve as a
resource allocator, method for accounting, and means of income distribution.
factor of production, exchange, and aggregate supply.
determinant of consumption, investment, and government spending.
unit of account, store of value, and medium of exchange.
The amount by which federal tax revenues exceed federal government expenditures during a particular year is the
Federal Reserve
budget deficit
budget surplus
public debt
The equilibrium price level and level of real output occur where
the aggregate demand and supply curves intersect.
exports equal imports.
the price level is at its lowest level.
real output is at its highest possible level.
The real-balances, interest-rate, and foreign purchases effects all help explain
why the aggregate demand curve is downsloping.
shifts in the aggregate demand curve.
shifts in the aggregate supply curve.
why the aggregate supply is upsloping.
The accompanying table gives budget information for a hypothetical economy. Assume that all budget surpluses are used to pay down the public debt. The budget deficit in year 3 is
$295 billion.
$175 billion.
$3,050 billion.
$100 billion.
The value of money varies
directly with the volume of employment.
inversely with the price level.
directly with the interest rate.
directly with the price level.
The public debt is the
accumulation of all past deficits minus all past surpluses.
amount of U.S. paper currency in circulation.
difference between current government expenditures and current tax revenues.
ratio of all past deficits to all past surpluses.
The labels for the axes of the aggregate demand graph should be
quantity of a product on the vertical axis and the price of a product on the horizontal axis.
price of a product on the vertical axis and quantity of a product on the horizontal axis.
real domestic output on the horizontal axis and the price level on the vertical axis.
real domestic output on the vertical axis and the price level on the horizontal axis.
The amount of money reported as M2
excludes M1.
is larger than the amount reported as M1.
excludes coins and currency.
is smaller than the amount reported as M1.
The foreign purchase effect suggests that an increase in the U.S. price level relative to other countries will
increase both U.S. imports and U.S. exports.
increase U.S. imports and decrease U.S. exports.
increase the amount of U.S. real output purchased.
decrease both U.S. imports and U.S. exports.
Refer to the diagram. Which tax system has the least built-in stability?
T4
T3
T2
T1
An economy's aggregate demand curve shifts leftward or rightward by more than changes in initial spending because of the
real-balances effect.
net export effect.
wealth effect.
multiplier effect.
Other things equal, if the national incomes of the major trading partners of the United States were to rise, the U.S.
aggregate demand curve would shift to the right.
One timing problem in using fiscal policy to counter a recession is the "operational lag" that occurs between the
Which of the diagrams for the U.S. economy best portrays the effects of a decrease in the availability of key natural resources?
A
B
C
D
Suppose that the economy is in the midst of a recession. Which of the following policies would most likely end the recession and stimulate output growth?
A congressional proposal to incur a federal surplus to be used for the retirement of public debt.
Reductions in federal tax rates on personal and corporate income.
Reductions in agricultural subsidies and veterans' benefits.
Postponement of a highway construction program.