knowledge

rationalists

empiricists

Kant

logic

argument

conclusion

premises

logic

argument

Modus Ponens

Modus Tollens

Disjunctive syllogism

Deductive argument

validitiy/Invalidity

soundness

Deductive argument possibilites

Inductive argument

Strong/Weak

soundness

abductive logic
(retroductive explanations)

nomothetic exxplanations

idiographic explanations

concepts

propsitions

logic

ad-hoc classificatory system

taxonomy

conceptual framework

theoretical systems

Formal theory/axiomatic theory

Good (versus bad) theory