SRM W1L2

Description

Philosophical and theoretical foundations Knowledge, rationalist/empiricists deductive/inductive, valid/strong, sound theories. models
halle074
Flashcards by halle074, updated more than 1 year ago
halle074
Created by halle074 over 10 years ago
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Resource summary

Question Answer
knowledge true, justified belief
rationalists justified on the basis on intuition (think as lacking/without sensory experience)
empiricists justified on the basis of experience
Kant combined rationalism & empiricism the world aroud us is chaotic we experience the world we have certain innate ategories which help organize the information
logic methods for evaluating arguments
argument set of statements, each of which is either true or false
conclusion a statement that is affirmed (or not) by other statements
premises statements which affirm (or fail to) the conclusion
logic methods for evaluating arguments
argument a set of statements, each of which is either true or false
Modus Ponens Affirm the antecedent A->B A so, B
Modus Tollens Deny the consequent A->B ~B So, ~A
Disjunctive syllogism Deny one disjunct A v B ~A so, B
Deductive argument if argument is valid& premises are true conclusion must follow from premises
validitiy/Invalidity Conclusion logically follows from premises
soundness premises are true
Deductive argument possibilites valid and sound valid and not sound
Inductive argument argument is strong and premises are true, conclusion likely follows from premises (probabilistic)
Strong/Weak conclusion logically follows from premises
soundness premises are true
abductive logic (retroductive explanations) used when no universal laws (deductive) or probabilistic generalizations (inductive) exist
nomothetic exxplanations explain a broad class of phenomena rather than a specific situation or event high external validity low internal validity
idiographic explanations explain a single phenomenon in great detail at the expense of generalization low eternal validity high internal validity
concepts abstract representations of a pheomenon...an idea
propsitions statements positing associations between constructs
logic methods for evaluating whether the premises of an argument adequately support its conclusion
ad-hoc classificatory system a set of arbitrary categories constructed in order to organize and summarize phenomena
taxonomy system of logically related categories constructed to fit one or more phenomena
conceptual framework placement of descriptive categories into a structure of explicit propositions
theoretical systems combines taxonomies and conceptual frameworks relates descriptions, explanations, and predictions in a systematic way allows subsequent propositions to be derived
Formal theory/axiomatic theory axioms are basic propositions that are true (or not) a priori can be proved formally using logic and mathematics
Good (versus bad) theory precision parsimony falsifiability replicabiliy
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