Flashcards
CMIS 351 Lesson 7 Hardware and Software
Flashcards do conjunto (34)
- 1Hardware-electronic components that input, process, output, and store data according to software
- 2Hardware categories-input
-processing
-output
-storage - 3Input devices-attach to computer
Examples
-mouse
-keyboard
-touchscreen
-microphone
-scanner - 4Processing devices-allow for modification, storage, or deletion of data
Examples
-CPU - 5Output devices-displays results of computer's processing
Examples
-video display
-speakers
-printer
-projector - 6Storage devices-saves data and programs
Examples
-magnetic disks (HD)
-optical disks (CD and DVD)
-flash or solid state device (SSD) - 7Central Processing Unit (CPU)-transfers program/data from disk to main memory
-moves instruction from main memory via data channel or bus
-performance measured in Hertz
-has small amount of very fast memory (cache) - 8Main memory-set of cells in which each cell holds byte of data or instruction
-Random Access Memory (RAM)
-contains program instructions
-contains OS instruction - 9Memory swapping-movement of programs and data into and out of memory
- 10Volatile memory-data that will be lost when computer or device is not powered
Examples
-cache
-main memory - 11Nonvolatile memory-memory that preserves data contents even when not powered
Examples
-magnetic/optical disks - 12Software-instructions for computers
- 13Types of software-operating system (OS): controls computer's resources
-application programs: perform specific user tasks - 14Types of OS-Windows: developed by Microsoft
-Mac OS: developed by Apple
-Unix: developed by Bell Labs
-Linux: developed by open-source community; version of Unix - 15License-agreement that stipulates how program can be used
-users by license use program
-ownership remains with development company
-open source community has no license fee - 16Application software-programs that perform specific business function
-general purpose or specific - 17Horizontal-market application software-provides capabilities across many organizations and industries
Examples
-Word
-Excel
-PowerPoint
-Acrobat
-Photoshop
-Paint Shop Pro - 18Vertical-market application software-servers need of specific industry
-altered or customized
Examples:
-appointment scheduling software
-inventory tracking system for warehouses - 19One-of-a-kind application software-developed for specific, unique need, usually for particular company's operations
Examples
-Canada Revenue Agency tax software - 20Acquiring application software-off-the-shelf: commercial software
-off-the-shelf with alterations: modified for a particular organization
-tailor-made/custom-developed: adapted to particular organization's need - 21Browsers-characteristics of both application software and OS
Examples
-Internet Explorer
-Chrome - 22Firmware-computer software installed into devices
-installed into nonvolatile ROM - 23Basic Input/Output System (BIOS)-important piece of firmware used when computer is initially booted up
-loads from ROM and runs through commands provided by firmware - 24client-computer that provides word processing, spreadsheets, database access, and usually network connection
-connect to servers for Web, emails, database - 25server-provide service
Examples
-host database
-run blog
-publish website
-sell goods
-faster, larger, and more powerful than client
-may/may not have video display
-server farm: large collection of servers - 26Manager's buying decisions-specify client hardware/software they use
-specify client hardware/software for employees
-specify horizontal application software or other software appropriate for OS
-no role in specifying server hardware other than approving the budget
-specify requirements for vertical and custom-server software - 27Virus-computer program that replicates itself
-consumes computer resources - 28Payload- program code that causes unwanted activity
-deletes programs/data, modify data in ways that are undetected by user - 29Macro virus-attach themselves to various types of documents
-when document is opened, virus places itself in startup files of application
-infects every file that application creates or processes - 30Worm-virus that propagates using Internet or other network
-spread faster than other viruses
-specifically programmed to spread
-actively use network to spread - 31Zombie-subsequent computers infected with worm or virus
- 32Botnet-compromised machine
-set of computers/applications that are coordinated through network and used to perform malicious tasks - 33Patches-group of fixes for high-priority failures that can be applied to existing copies of particular product
-used to fix security holes in computer programs - 34Antivirus program-software that detects and possibly eliminates viruses
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- O usuário eliminou as informações de disciplina FlashCards sobre CMIS 351 Lesson 7 Hardware and Software, criado por Usuário eliminado em 31-03-2021.
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- Usuário eliminado · mar 2021
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- 31 mar 2021
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- Criado por Adriana Vincelli-Joma · 23 jan 2020
- Copiado por Adriana Vincelli-Joma · 31 mar 2021
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