01. The view of first language acqusition (FLA) as represented in a model by Chomsky (1965) is the following: ? -> LAD -> G - What is the missing component?
A. Primary Linguistic Data
B. Universal Grammar
C. General Cognitive Mechanism
D. Linguistic Competence
02. The capacity to understand and produce language is concentrated for most children in
A. the left brain hemisphere
B. both hemispheres
C. the right brain hemisphere
D. brain areas not investigated yet
03. Interference is thought to be the result of
A. Negative transfer
B. Fossilization
C. Backsliding
D. Proactive inhibition
04. Which personality feature is part of the Affective Filter Hypothesis?
A. Anxiety
B. Empathy
C. Risk-taking
D. Inhibition
05. According to the Capability Continuum Model of SLA (Tarone 1988), we can predict that the use of the third person singular -s will be most frequent in the following contexts
A. simple and careful
B. simple and vernacular
C. complex and careful
D. complex and vernacular
06. Chunks of language that are stored as complete or partially analysed units are called:
A. formulas
B. prototypes
C. illocutionary acts
D. vertical constructions
07. A model of language that views L2 acquisition as involving a complex network of interconnections between units rather than rules is referred to as
A. processibility theory
B. the Modularity Model
C. parallel distibuted processing
D. Parameter-setting model
08. The process by which learners utilise discourse to help them construct structures which remain outside learners' competence is described as
A. inferencing
B. scaffolding
C. paraphrasing
D. hypothesis-testing
09. Which theory of language acquisition accepts the notion of 'poverty of the stimulus'?
A. Humanist
B. Error Analysis
C. Mentalist
D. Neurofunctional
10. The use of 'writed' in place of 'wrote' is an example of
A. transfer
B. interference
C. overgeneralization
D. overuse
11. The vernacular is the style in which
A. minimum attention is given to monitoring speech
B. maximum attention is given to monitoring speech
C. a learner uses the most comples linguistic forms
D. a learner uses the least complex linguistic forms
12. Speech patterns of New Yorkers were examined by Labov (1970). Which of the following models of competence did he use?
A. homogeneous
B. heterogeneous
C. dual
D. none of the above
13. Indicate the one individual learner factor which can be modified?
A. aptitude
B. age
C. learning style
D. motivation
14. Rate and success of SLA seem to be strongly influenced by the age of the learner. Snow and Hoefnagel-Hohle (1978) found out that Duth L2 learners who learnt most rapidly were in the following age group:
A. 4 to 11 years
B. 12 to 15 years
C. 16 to 21 years
D. over 21
15. A field-dependent person can be characterised as
A. analytic
B. inhibited
C. holistic
D. more successful in naturalistic SLA
16. A sort of defensiveness associated with increased self-consciousness which discourages risk-taking necessary for obtaining input is referred to as
A. anomie
B. alienation
C. empathy
D. inhibition
17. Which of the following statements about the nature of "motherease" is not true?
A. The way mothers talk to their children influences how correctly they use the language
B. The way mothers talk to their children influences how rapidly they acquire the language
C. Parents have a general idea of their child's linguistic ability
D. One of the main functions of 'motherease' is language teaching
18. In the process of inferencing a new rule is
A. derived by means of transfer
B. derived by means of overgeneralisation
C. induced from the input
D. induced from the output
19. When the learner has a problem locating the required item but decides to persevere (waiting, using semantic field or other languages), he uses:
A. co-operative strategies
B. non-cooperative strategies
C. reduction strategies
D. retrieval strategies
20. Which of the following adjectives are marked? (1) fast (2) slow (3) young (4) old
A. (1) and (2)
B. (3) and (4)
C. (2) and (3)
D. (1) and (4)
21. Which of the following is not one of the typological universals?
A. substantive
B. implicational
C. functional
D. formal
22. What prediction can you make about the transfer from L1 to L2? (M) Marked (U) unmarked. What is X and Y?
A (X=U, Y=U)
B (X=M, Y=U)
C (X=U, Y=M)
D (X=M, Y=M)
23. Consciousness-raising is a type of instruction designed to make a learner aware of
A. specific linguistic features
B. the setting of the target language
C. learners' needs
D. the nature of language learning
24. Carroll distinguishes four components of foreign language aptitude. These are the following abilities: phonemic coding, inductive language learning, rote learning and
A. language processing
B. grammatical sensitivity
C. verbal intelligence
D. associative learning
25. In Krashen's view aptitude pertains to
A. acquisition
B. learning
C. acquisition and learning
D. neither acquistion nor learning
26. According to Cummins (1979), cognitive academic language proficiency is part of
A. LAD
B. verbal intelligence
C. FL aptitude
D. cognitive organizer
27. Conscious application of rules to produce and understand the L2 is referred to as
A. induction
B. elaboration
C. deduction
D. association
28. The learner replaces one L2 form with another (poodle>dog). This is the example of an achievement strategy referred to as
A. paraphrase
B. substitution
C. word coinage
D. convergence
29. Memory strategies are usually classified as
A. direct
B. indirect
C. implicit
D. explicit
30. Which of the following statements is not true?
A. Teachers low down their rate of speech when talking to learners
B. Teachers use more self-repetitions with beginning learners
C. Formal adjustments occur at all language levels
D. Ungrammatical speech modifications occur at all language levels
31. The error in the sentence 'The boy broked the window' is an example of
A. omission
B. addition
C. misinformation
D. misordering
32. Which theory explains SLA in terms of the degree of social nad psychological distance between a learner and the target language group?
A. Accommodation Model
B. The Acculturation Theory
C. Interface Position
D. Neurofunctional Theory
33. Which of the following linguists views second language acquistion in terms of conversational strategies used to negotiate meaning in constructing a discourse?
A. Corder
B. Hatch
C. Rutherford
D. Ellis
34. Which of the following linguists views second language acquistion in terms of a 'non-interface position'?
A. Tarone
B. Long
C. Krashen
35. Which of the following linguists views second language acqusition in terms of a 'variable competence model'?
A. Chomsky
B. Selinker
C. Larsen Freeman
36. The speaker-hearer's internalised grammar, according to Chomsky (1965), consists of
A. a genetically endowed acquisition device
B. a general cognivite mechanism
C. mental representation of linguistic rules
D. comprehension and production of language
37. In mentalist theories of language acquisition, a set of innate linguistic principles which control the form which the sentences of any language can take are referred to as
A. primary lingusitic data
B. Language Acquistion Device
C. the Universal Grammar
D. Lingusitic Competence
38. In which of the following statements is the incremental nature of child's language acquistion evident?
A. Only homo sapiens is capable of language learning
B. Language exists as an independent faculty
C. The process of acquistion consists of hypothesis-formation
D. Knowledge of the grammatical system is build up in steps.
39. The term interlanguage is also described as
A. regressive competence
B. restructuring device
C. trnasitional competence
D. capability continuum
40. According to Selinker (poprawione na Lenneberg), adult learners successfully achieve native-speaker proficiency by
A. reactivating the latent language structure
B. overcoming the age of resonance
C. avoiding proactive inhibition
D. employing communiaction strategies
41. Language-learner language is permeable (Corder 1967), which means that it is
A. predictable
B. open to improvement
C. idiosyncratic
D. static
42. The comprehension of the system of beliefs and values shared by the TL group participants is part of
A. pragmatic competence
B. acculturation
C. situational context
D. pidginization
43. When a speaker uses a rule that belongs to an earlier stage of development, he is using a strategy know as
A. evasion
B. backsliding
C. back-formation
D. discourse repair
44. The learner's ability to recover rules from memory and to use them spontaneously while processing utterances is known as
A. channel capacity
B. projection device
C. cognitive style
D. processibility device
45. Which of the following statements about cognitive organizer is not true?
A. It is part of the learner's processing system
B. It is responsible for turning intake into output
C. It operates subconsiously
D. It is responsible for organising input into a system
46. Some learners cease to develop while still short of target-language competence. This phenomenon is called
A. amnesia
B. atrophy
C. aphasia
D. fossilization
47. Strategies that children use in L1 acquistion such as 'avoidance of exceptions' and 'rearrangement of linguistic units' (Slobin 1973) are referred to as
A. item acquisition
B. system learning
C. operating principles
D. parallel development
48. What is accessibility hierarchy?
A. The ranking of grammatical morphemes according to the accuracy with thich they occur.
B. The ranking of grammatical morphemes according to when each morpheme is acquired
C. The identification by the learner of a function performed by means of a particular form
D. An implicational ordering of relative pronoun functions in terms of their degree of markedness
49. The L2 knowledge of which a learner is unaware and which he cannot verbalise is called
A. implicit
B. explicit
C. implied
D. metacognitive
50. The process by which speakers make their speech similar to their interlocutors' speech is referred to as
A. divergence
B. accommodation
C. assimilation
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