Quiz
Ch. 12 cancer bio
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Perguntas do quiz (42)
11. Which cancer originates from connective tissue?
- Aa. Osteogenic sarcoma
- Bb. Basal cell carcinoma
- Cc. Multiple myeloma
- Dd. Adenocarcinoma
22. Carcinoma refers to abnormal cell proliferation originating from which tissue origin?
- Aa. Blood vessels
- Bb. Epithelial cells
- Cc. Connective tissue
- DGlandular
33. Carcinoma in situ is characterized by which changes?
- Aa. Cells have broken through the local basement membrane.
- Bb. Cells have invaded immediate surrounding tissue.
- Cc. Cells remain localized in the glandular or squamous cells.
- Dd. Cellular and tissue alterations indicate dysplasia.
44. Which term is used to describe a cell showing a loss of cellular differentiation?
- Aa. Dysplasia
- Bb. Hyperplasia
- Cc. Metaplasia
- Dd. Anaplasia
55. What are tumor cell markers?
- Aa. Hormones, enzymes, antigens, and antibodies that are produced by cancer cells
- Bb. Receptor sites on tumor cells that can be identified and marked
- Cc. Cytokines that are produced against cancer cells
- Dd. Identification marks that are used in administering radiation therapy
66. What is one function of the tumor cell marker?
- Aa. To provide a definitive diagnosis of cancer
- Bb. To treat certain types of cancer
- Cc. To predict where cancers will develop
- Dd. To screen individuals at high risk for cancer
77. Which statement supports the hypothesis that intestinal polyps are benign neoplasms and the first stage in the development of colon cancer?
- Aa. Cancer cells accumulate slower than noncancer cells.
- Bb. An accumulation of mutations in specific genes is required to develop cancer.
- Cc. Tumor invasion and metastasis progress more slowly in the gastrointestinal tract.
- Dd. Apoptosis is triggered by diverse stimuli, including excessive growth.
88. Autocrine stimulation is the ability of cancer cells to do what?
- Aa. Stimulate angiogenesis to create their own blood supply
- Bb. Encourage secretions that turn off normal growth inhibitors
- Cc. Secrete growth factors that stimulate their own growth
- Dd. Divert nutrients away from normal tissue for their own use
99. What is apoptosis?
- Aa. Normal mechanism for cells to self-destruct when growth is excessive
- Bb. Antigrowth signal activated by the tumor-suppressor gene Rb
- Cc. Mutation of cell growth stimulated by the TP53 gene
- Dd. Transformation of cells from dysplasia to anaplasia
1010. A student studying biology asks the professor to describe how the ras gene is involved in cancer proliferation. What explanation by the professor is best?
- Aa. It suppresses the action of the tumor-suppressor genes.
- Bb. It changes the way the growth promotion genes work.
- Cc. A mutation in this gene allows continuous cell growth.
- Dd. It activates a cell surface receptor that allows signaling to the nucleus.
1111. The professor explains to students that oncogenes are genes that are capable of what?
- Aa. Undergoing mutation that directs the synthesis of proteins to accelerate the rate of tissue proliferation
- Bb. Directing synthesis of proteins to regulate growth and to provide necessary
replacement of tissue - Cc. Encoding proteins that negatively regulate the synthesis of proteins to slow or halt
the replacement of tissue - Dd. Undergoing mutation that directs malignant tissue toward blood vessels and lymph
nodes for metastasis
1212. Burkitt lymphomas designate a chromosome that has a piece of chromosome 8 fused to a piece of chromosome 14. This is an example of which mutation of normal genes to oncogenes?
- Aa. Point mutation
- Bb. Chromosome translocation
- Cc. Gene amplification
- Dd. Chromosome fusion
1313. In childhood neuroblastoma, the N-myc oncogene undergoes which type of mutation of normal gene to oncogene?
- Aa. Point mutation
- Bb. Chromosome fusion
- Cc. Gene amplification
- Dd. Chromosome translocation
1414. What aberrant change causes the abnormal growth in retinoblastoma?
- Aa. Proto-oncogenes are changed to oncogenes.
- Bb. The tumor-suppressor gene is turned off.
- Cc. Genetic amplification causes the growth.
- Dd. Chromosomes 9 and 21 are fused.
1515. Why are two “hits” required to inactivate tumor-suppressor genes?
- Aa. Each allele must be altered, and each person has two copies, or alleles, of each
gene, one from each parent. - Bb. The first hit stops tissue growth, and the second hit is needed to cause abnormal
tissue growth. - Cc. Tumor-suppressor genes are larger than proto-oncogenes, requiring two hits to
affect carcinogenesis. - Dd. The first hit is insufficient to cause enough damage to cause a mutation.
- Aa. Each allele must be altered, and each person has two copies, or alleles, of each
1616. How does the ras gene convert from a proto-oncogene to an oncogene?
- Aa. Designating a chromosome that has a piece of one chromosome fused to a piece of
another chromosome - Bb. Duplicating a small piece of a chromosome, repeatedly making numerous copies
- Cc. Altering one or more nucleotide base pairs
- Dd. Promoting proliferation of growth signals by impairing tumor-suppressor genes
- Aa. Designating a chromosome that has a piece of one chromosome fused to a piece of
1717. How do cancer cells use the enzyme telomerase?
- Aa. To repair the telomeres to restore somatic cell growth
- Bb. As an intracellular signaling chemical to stimulate cell division
- Cc. To switch off the telomerase to enable cells to divide indefinitely
- Dd. To switch on the telomerase to enable cells to divide indefinitely
1818. What are characteristics of benign tumors?
- Aa. Benign tumors invade local tissues.
- Bb. Benign tumors spread through the lymph nodes.
- Cc. Benign tumors cause systemic symptoms.
- Dd. Benign tumors include the suffix -oma.
1919. What is the major virus involved in the development of cervical cancer?
- Aa. Herpes simplex virus type 6
- Bb. Herpes simplex virus type 2
- Cc. Human papillomavirus
- Dd. Human immunodeficiency virus
2020. The Papanicolaou (Pap) test is used to screen for which cancer?
- Aa. Ovarian
- Bb. Uterine
- Cc. Cervical
- Dd. Vaginal
2121. A healthcare professional is caring for a patient undergoing chemotherapy. What is the skin- related health risk the professional should assess the patient for and be prepared to treat?
- Aa. Infection
- Bb. Ultraviolet damage
- Cc. Pain
- Dd. Erythema
2222. Inherited mutations that predispose to cancer are almost invariably what kind of gene?
- Aa. Proto-oncogenes
- Bb. Oncogenes
- Cc. Tumor-suppressor genes
- Dd. Growth-promoting genes
2323. What is the consequence for cells when the functioning TP53 gene is lost as a result of mutation?
- Aa. Cells undergo apoptosis.
- Bb. Cells escape apoptosis.
- Cc. Cells receive less oxygen.
- Dd. Cells adhere more readily.
2424. Which gastrointestinal tract condition can be an outcome of both chemotherapy and radiation therapy?
- Aa. Increased cell turnover
- Bb. Constipation
- Cc. Stomatitis
- Dd. Bloody stool
2525. What is the role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) in cell metastasis?
- Aa. To stimulate growth of nearby tumor cells
- Bb. To develop new blood vessels to feed cancer cells
- Cc. To prevent cancer cells from escaping apoptosis
- Dd. To act as a chemical gradient to guide cells to blood vessels
2626. It has been determined that a patient’s tumor is in stage 2. How does the healthcare professional describe this finding to the patient
- Aa. Cancer is confined to the organ of origin.
- Bb. Cancer has spread to regional structures.
- Cc. Cancer is locally invasive.
- Dd. Cancer has spread to distant sites.
2727. A cancer patient has pain at the tumor site and is worried the tumor has metastasized. What does the healthcare provider understand about this patient’s complaint?
- Aa. Pain is primarily a result of pressure caused by the tumor.
- Bb. Pain indicates the metastasis of a cancer.
- Cc. Pain is usually the initial symptom of cancer.
- Dd. Pain is generally associated with late-stage cancer.
2828. A healthcare professional is caring for four patients with cancer. Which patient does the professional educate about brachytherapy?
- Aa. Lung
- Bb. Colon
- Cc. Cervical
- Dd. Brain
2929. A child has been diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). What does the healthcare professional tell the parents about the survival rate at 5 years for this disease
- Aa. 90%
- Bb. 70%
- Cc. 40%
- Dd. 20%
3030. By what process do cancer cells multiply in the absence of external growth signals?
- Aa. Proto-oncogene
- Bb. Autocrine stimulation
- Cc. Reliance on caretaker genes
- Dd. Pleomorphology
3131. What is the role of caretaker genes?
- Aa. Maintenance of genomic integrity
- Bb. Proliferation of cancer cells
- Cc. Secretion of growth factors
- Dd. Restoration of normal tissue structure
3232. In a normal, nonmutant state, what is an oncogene referred to as?
- Aa. Basal cell
- Bb. Target cell
- Cc. Caretaker gene
- Dd. Proto-oncogene
3333. What does the student learn about pleomorphic cells?
- Aa. Pleomorphic cells are similar in size.
- Bb. They have different sizes and shapes.
- Cc. They are a result of anaplasia.
- Dd. Pleomorphic cells differentiate uniformly.
3434. What is the most commonly reported symptom of cancer treatment?
- Aa. Nausea
- Bb. Fatigue
- Cc. Hair loss
- Dd. Weight loss
3535. What does the health professions student learn about benign tumors?
- Aa. The resulting pain is severe.
- Bb. Benign tumors are not encapsulated.
- Cc. Benign tumors are fast growing.
- Dd. The cells are well-differentiated.
361. Normally, which cells are considered immortal? (Select all that apply.)
- Aa. Germ
- Bb. Stem
- Cc. Blood
- Dd. Epithelial
- Ee. Muscle
372. What is the most common route for distant metastasis? (Select all that apply.)
- Aa. Seeding
- Bb. Blood
- Cc. Lymphatic vessels
- Dd. Invasion
- Ee. Proliferation
383. What cellular characteristics are affected by anaplasia? (Select all that apply)
- Aa. Size
- Bb. Ability to differentiate
- Cc. Life expectancy
- Dd. Tissue structure
- Ee. Shape
394. What are the most common causes of nosocomial infections among patients with cancer? (Select all that apply.)
- Aa. Indwelling medical devices
- Bb. Suppressed immune system
- Cc. Visitor-introduced microorganisms
- Dd. Poor appetite
- Ee. Inadequate wound care
405. Which statements concerning aging and the occurrence of cancer are true? (Select all that apply.)
- Aa. Decline in immunologic functions
- Bb. Predisposition to nutritional inadequacies
- Cc. Unwillingness to access healthcare services
- Dd. Reluctance to engage in cancer screenings
- Ee. Effects of immobility on the immune system
416. Which cancers are associated with chronic inflammation? (Select all that apply.)
- Aa. Brain
- Bb. Colon
- CBone
- Dd. Thyroid gland
- Ee. Urinary bladder
427. A healthcare professional is assessing a patient who has cancer and a hemoglobin of 8.8 mg/dL. What factors should the professional assess the patient for?
- Aa. Chronic bleeding
- Bb. Malabsorption of iron
- Cc. Malnutrition
- Dd. Recent blood transfusion
- Ee. Current infection
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- O usuário eliminou as informações de disciplina Quiz sobre Ch. 12 cancer bio, criado por Usuário eliminado em 01-02-2022.
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- Criado em 1 fev 2022 · atualizado em 5 fev 2022
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