Is this the proper carbon structure?
Carbon can form bonds
Carbon can bond to itself and the elements, also
What are carbohydrates?
Groups of compounds such as sugars and starches
fat
thingies
The three levels of carbohydrates are , , and
Three monosaccharides are ❌, ❌, and ❌
Glucose is sweet to cows the sweetest not sweet( sweet to cows, the sweetest, not sweet ) and is the most common swaggy important( common, swaggy, important ) simple sugar, it can make destroy evolve( make, destroy, evolve ) almost anything
An isomer has
same structure, different formula
same formula, different structure
What kind of link is this
peptide
Glycosidic
ester
Maltose is made of +
Maltose is NOT used in fermentation
Sucrose is made of glucose galactose starch( glucose, galactose, starch ) + glucose fructose maltose( glucose, fructose, maltose )
Sucrose is the most common and is table sugar
Lactose is made of..
glucose
fructose
galactose
lactose
sugar
glycogen
What is a polysaccharide?
4 carbon rings bonded together
a long chain of repeated subunits that are bonded together by a condemnation/dehydration reaction
disaccharides in a line
short chain of monomers, no more than 100
Starch:
plants store it for energy
used in cooking
made of fructose monomers
straight or branched chains
stored in amyloplasts
good for humans
can not be withdrawn
plants fungi humans only animals only flowering plants some animals( plants, fungi, humans only, animals, only flowering plants, some animals ) store glycogen for energy
Glycogen is highly branched
In ❌ glycogen is stored in the ❌ and ❌, it is ❌ energy
Maximum energy is grams or hours
Cellulose:
cell walls of plants
90% of plant body
animals lack enzymes to digest it
cows have stomach microorganisms and termites have gut microorganisms to aid the breaking down of it
not abundant
Chitin:
leathery
weak and fuzzy
found in humans
found in fungi and anthropoids
flexible
Why are lipids so unique?
they are only apparent in cats and octopi
they only dissolve in water
they do not form from monomers
they form from subunits
Lipids are water fearing (hydrophobic)
What are the 7 functions of lipids
energy storage
building material
insulation
cell membrane
nucleus
regulate body processes
padding for body
heart helper
digestion aid
water proofer and solvent for vitamins A, K, and E
The structure of triglycerides are 1 2 6( 1, 2, 6 ) glycerol and 7 3 2 4( 7, 3, 2, 4 ) fatty acids
Triglycerides are formed by ester linkages
Saturated fatty acids:
come from plants
come from animals
no double bonds
not solid at room temp
some double bonds
solid at room temp because has all it can hold
Unsaturated fatty acids:
no single or double bonds
single and double bonds
liquid at room temp
hard to digest
a type of a saturated fatty acid is ❌ and ❌ while an example of unsaturated fatty acid is ❌ and ❌
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