Contemporary studies revision

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What is a healthy balanced lifestyle?

5x30mins of exercise per week at 60-80% of our max HR (aerobic)

8 hours sleep per night

Balanced diet from the seven main food groups

Physical and mental well being, no disease or illness

Being fit, meeting the demands of the environment

Physical activity:

The umbrella term for physical recreation / outdoor recreation, physical eduction / outdoor education and sport.

Physical recreation:

Definition - To physically recreate is to take part in a game or activity for your own sake and not for an extrinsic reward.

Characteristics - all about participation level and not level of performance, taking part and not winning, for enjoyment.

Benefits - Learn physical skills, health and well being, stress relief, relaxation, been sociable,

Outdoor recreation:

Definition - Doing an activity outside and appreciating the environment you're in.

Characteristics - Been outside, element of danger.

Benefits - Appreciation of the natural environment, respect for the natural environment, gaining a sense of adventure, E.G sledging on Beverly westwood.

Physical education:

Definition - "Physical education is learning of physical, personal, preparatory and qualitative values through formal physical activity in schools."

Characteristics - Gain a qualification, specialised staff, follows national curriculum, variety of physical activities and theoretical elements.

Benefits - Physical (skill,health, fitness), preparatory, preparation for sport or a career in sport, improved quality of life, influence on lifestyle.

Outdoor education

Definition - Learning in and about the outdoors.

Characteristics - Element of risk and unpredictability, natural or semi natural environment (artificial environment)

Benefits - Physical health and skill learning, personal and social development, better quality of life

Sport

Definition - an organised, competitive and skillful physical activity requiring commitment and fair play.

Characteristics - attracts media coverage and sponsorship, organised by NGB's, they make the rules.

Benefits - Intrinsic awards, personal satisfaction and a sense of achievement, extrinsic rewards, money, fame, trophies.

Benefits of physical activity:

Physical:-

Reduces the risk of heart disease and stroke

Contributes to a longer life

Preserves bone density preventing osteoporosis

Social:-

Meeting new people

Feeling like you belong in a club

Decreases anti-social behavior

Mental:-

Relieves anxiety, depression and sensitivity to stress

Improves skill level which improves confidence

Improved performance

Personal:-

Allows self-realisation (getting to know yourself)

Self discipline, self control and self esteem are all heightened

Barriers to participation in young people:

Opportunity:- (The chance to take part based on factors such as time, money, etc)

Not having the money to join a sports team

Not having enough time after school or college.

Provision:- (The availability of facilities which allow for participation)

The availability of facilities in your area

The condition of your facilities, E.G poorly maintained facilities will demotivate you.

Esteem:- (The confidence to take part)

Respect shown by your friends for any sports you do

Preconceptions of a certain sport.

Keywords:

Physical prowess - skillfulness, high competence and expertise.

Physical endeavour - effort, trying hard.

Sportsmanship - good examples to young people, increase good will, admired by players and spectators.

Gamesmanship - bad example to young people, undermines officials, irritates fans and players.

Sedentary lifestyle:

7 out of 10 adults in the UK are sufficiently inactive to be classed as sedentary meaning that they are moderately active for less than one 30min period a week.

Less manual labour more desk jobs.

Modern technology allowing us to take part in the minimum amount of physical activity.

Exercise is now a lifestyle choice rather than a daily necessity.

Traditional ethnic sports:

Examples;

Cheese Rolling

Haxey Hood

Highland Games

Ashbourne Mob Football

Reasons for there continued existence and popularity;

Local - unique to one area

Annual - people make a point of going

Occasional - rare and people want to experience them

Tradition - due to a tradition, part of a places heritage

Tourism - attract a lot of tourism and media attention.

Public schools and the development of sport:

Ethnic sports ------------> Public Schools -----------> Sport

Mob games

Developed rules and NGB's

Health and safety

How was sport organised in C19th Public Schools?

House systems

Headmaster supported sport - promoted leadership etc.

Inter-house competitions

Borders had lots of free time - time to practice sport and improve.

Inter-school competitions - played for pride

Specialist facilities - paid to go could afford the best.

Specialist coaching - paid to go could afford the best.

The spread of sport through public schools?

Started the old boys network, these old boys then went to uni or to a job as a head of a factory.

If they went down a uni route they would take there mob game and develop the rules and create and NGB for it. After uni they would become a missionary and spread sport across the world or became educators and taught there sport in schools.

If they went down the employment route the would be army offices, factory managers etc and start sports teams and introduce there sports in different parts of the UK.

Amateurism and professionalism

Pro: Paid, extrinsic reward, sponsorship, attract a lot of media attention, play at the best facilities, selective / elite, support staff, best coaches, become role models.

Am: Unpaid, play for intrinsic and extrinsic rewards, mainly for fun, joining fee's, hobby.

Gentleman approach - Wealthy middle and upper class men who excelled at games. Ex public school boys were the gentlemen amateurs, the lower classes were the professionals.

An amateur approach - Using unreliable, inconsistent and erratic methods.

A professional approach - Using more reliable, serious and consistent methods.

Professionalism nowadays:

High level of coaching

Strict rules

Winning is important

Excellent facilities

Why have we move to a professional approach?

Universities are more accessible

Extrinsic rewards

Upper class doesn't really exist anymore

More role models/greater media attention

Sport in Australia, why it has such a high status? why they are said to be preoccupied with it.

Love pommy bashing

Bush Culture - Culture of manliness

Weather - Have a climate which allows them to play sport all year round

Commercialism - Sport is highly commercialised, affluent nation.

Outdoor life - part of there culture, going to the beach, surfing beach skiing.

Government - Government support sport and put lots of money into it

AIS - Sydney 2000

Sport in schools - sport has a high impetus in schools as it is government backed.

Aussie Rules, what are the origins of the game and how has it developed?

Origins:

Invented by Tom Wills.

Invented in Melbourne, Australia in 1958.

Probably descended from an aboriginal leaping game and rugby combination.

Invented to keep cricket players fit in the winter.

Could have been a combination of Gaelic football and rugby.

Development of the game:

Attracted a lot of media attention.

Display of bush culture / show of manliness.

Taught and played in schools, inter-school competitions.

Grown massively due to commercialism and sponsorship, the golden triangle.

America, their economics and capitalism

Capitalism is America's economic system, it is based on private or corporate ownership and the investment of money.

Capitalism encourages individuals to accumulate wealth, work for what you want, nothing is given to you, you have the chance to go from 'rags to riches'. Anyone can be successful no matter what there age, gender or ethnicity is.

Commercialism: Concern with making profit at the expense of artistic or other value.

Professional sport dominates in US society reflecting the countries competitive and capitalist nature.

Links to capitalism,

Both private and corporate businesses use sport to promote their products and achieve good will.

Players can receive enormous amounts of money from the sports they play.

American football; Culture of violence and culture/commercialism

Culture of Violence

Violence in the game reflects US gun culture

Lots of war terminology e.g. a platoon, a bomb

Protection - kit is full body armour

Rules promote the and allow the violence

Crowd cheer the violence and pay to see it

Opponents are often dehumanised

In the 1800's a player died and the president had to step in and introduction the protection for the players.

Massive emphasis on winning.

Culture/commercialism

Gains fans/money and popularity

Links with capitalism

Privately owned franchises

Fight for coverage and publicity

Rags to Riches

Sponsorship has made it a multimillion dollar business

The draft system makes it rare for a team to consecutively win the Super Bowl

To get a level 3 (8-10 marks)

Treat the examiner as if they know nothing.

1. Give a knowledge based answer

2. Give as many practical examples as possible

3. If you can relate it to another area, don't get carried away, one sentence is enough.

4. Give your own experience or opinion.

Get in as much knowledge as possible. DON'T WAFFLE.

If it says critically evaluate, discuss, analyse or asks you for the positives and negatives directly give them for every knowledge point. Both sides of the argument.

Complete Notes

10 mark structure