What defines Non-Megaloblastic Anaemia?
No large nucleus & excess cell membrane- no DNA involvement
Large nucleus, effected DNA
In Melagoblasic Anaemia, other blood cells are likely to be affected
Liver disease and alcohol cause what type of anaemia?p
Melagoblastic Macrocytic
Non-Megaloblastic Macrocytic
Which of the following is not a cause of Melagoblastic Anaemia?
HIV treatment
B12 deficiency
Iron deficiency
Folate deficiency
Pancytopaenia- a reduction of all three blood components
Why is pancytopaenia a symptom of Megaloblastic anaemia?
Cells apoptose due to DNA synthesis failure
Cells cannot be produced due to crowded bone marrow
Cells die because of insufficient folate
Megaloblastic anaemia leads to a shorter cell lifespan
Megaloblastic anaemia has an Inc MCV but Dec RDW
Erythrocyte precursors with retarded nuclear maturation
Megaloblasts
Oval Macrocytes
RBC fragments
Oval macrocytes -> larger reiculocytes ->
Larger R.B.C's
Smaller R.B.C's
Fragmented R.B.C's
In M.M.A, cells are less fragile and cannot be broken down, so they accumulate in the blood
Which of the following are symptoms of M.M.A?
Hypersegmented neutrophils
Giant Metamelanocytes
Which of the following are results of EXTREME B12/Folate deficiency?
Dementia
Neuropathy
Jaundice
What is the role of B12?
A Co-Enzyme
A substrate for globin production
A neurotransmitter
B12 is only synthesised in micro-organisms
Where is B12 stored?
The liver
The kidneys
The spleen
GI diseases, tapeworm and a lack of intrinsic factor all cause what?
Malapsorption of B12
Failure of B12 metabolism
Transcabalmin II deficiency
Transcabalmin II (TCII) deficiency can be tested for
Folate is very sensitive to cooking and will degrade easily
How long will the liver stores of folate last?
3 weeks
3 months
3 years
Pregnancy and chronic haemolytic conditions cause what?
Inc Folate requirement
Inadequate folate intake
Folate malabsorption
Folate deficiency can be drug induced
Folate is vital for rapidly dividing cells
Folate deficiency can cause....
Spinal cord degeneration
Abnormal skin development
Everything starts tasting of fish
