What are the 3 tagmanta of anthropods?

ametabolous

hemimetabolous

holometabolous

Arthropoda

Coleoptera

Hymenoptera

Lepidoptera

Diptera

trehalose

Q: How do you sample collembolas?

The Arctic is tough for insects because

Why are arthropods important?

Why are arthropods so successful?

chionophobe

• chioneuphore

• chionophiles

poikilothermy

northern insects are cold-adapted

stoneflies (Nemoura columbiana)

Chernov’s lifecycle categories : • Active

Chernov’s lifecycle categories : passive

Dormancy

quiescence

diapause

Voltinism

semivoltine

univoltine

bivoltine

multivoltine

Directly Induced Development (DID)

Cue Induced Development (CID)

cold-hardiness

cold-acclimation

Freezing Avoidance

Freezing Tolerance

Cryoprotective dehydration

Freezing tolerance

Freeze tolerance compounds

Cryoprotectants

Thermal Hysteresis Proteins (THP)

Ice Nucleating Agents (INA)

Summer months
– evaporative cooling (regurgitated fluid)

Winter months