Cardio Exam 1 set 2

Questão 1 de 22

1

Which of the following is FALSE regarding the M-mode ECHO modality?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Has excellent temporal resolution so it is well suited to the examination of rapidly moving structures
Can use it to measure the left ventricle
Can use it to measure systolic function
Use the long axis of the heart

Explicação

Questão 2 de 22

1

2D mode is a cross section of the heart. You can evaluate the heart on the long or short axis. The resolution is better than M-mode images.

Selecione uma das opções:

VERDADEIRO
FALSO

Explicação

Questão 3 de 22

1

What information can you get from a cardiac ultrasound? Check all that apply.

Selecione uma ou mais das seguintes:

Confirm suspected diagnosis
Superior evaluation of cardiac dimensions of the right ventricle and right atrium
Evaluate valvular morphology
Evaluation of ventricular systolic function
Evaluation of severity of stenosis or shunts

Explicação

Questão 4 de 22

1

Which of the following apply to spectral Doppler? Check all that apply.

Selecione uma ou mais das seguintes:

Allows to measure blood velocity
Allows to establish the severity of a stenosis (continuous Doppler)
Allows to establish direction of the blood through a shunt (L to R or R to L) and the pressure gradient
Allows non-invasive evaluation of pulmonary hypertension
Allows to identify fast turbulent flow (stenotic valve, valvular insufficiency)
Allows to subjectively assess severity of valve regurgitation

Explicação

Questão 5 de 22

1

ΔP = 4 x v². Which of the following is FALSE about this equation?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

It is called Bernoulli's equation
Is used to quantify stenosis
Is used with color Doppler
Is used to evaluate direction and pressure gradient through a shunt

Explicação

Questão 6 de 22

1

Which image below is of an ECHO on the long axis?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Explicação

Questão 7 de 22

1

When distinguishing between mediastinal fat and cardiomegaly, fuzzy margins and a more radiolucent area surrounding the heart indicate cardiomegaly.

Selecione uma das opções:

VERDADEIRO
FALSO

Explicação

Questão 8 de 22

1

Which of the following is FALSE?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

The cardiac silhouette may be enlarged without heart enlargement. This occurs commonly in obese animals where fat is deposited in the pericardium.
Athletic dogs may have slightly larger hearts.
Puppies appear to have larger hearts relative to their body size.
Radiographs help distinguish between dilation and hypertrophy.
Breed conformation causes a tremendous variation in cardiac shape and size.

Explicação

Questão 9 de 22

1

Which of the following indicate right heart enlargement? Check all that apply.

Selecione uma ou mais das seguintes:

Enlargement of dorsocaudal border
Dorsal deviation of entire trachea (parallel to spine)
May see caudal bronchi compression
Caudal heart border elongated and upright
Increased width of heart
Increased sternal contact
Elevation of apex
Elevation of trachea if severe

Explicação

Questão 10 de 22

1

Right heart enlargement in a cat looks like a Valentine's heart.

Selecione uma das opções:

VERDADEIRO
FALSO

Explicação

Questão 11 de 22

1

Which of the following is FALSE about congenital heart disease?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Almost all patients have a cardiac murmur
Absence of clinical signs at the time of detection is typical and implies good prognosis
Some lesions can be corrected but are associated with high mortality if untreated
Definitive non-invasive diagnosis requires Doppler echocardiography

Explicação

Questão 12 de 22

1

Congenital heart disease may cause a soft murmur but a loud one always indicates the presence of disease.

Selecione uma das opções:

VERDADEIRO
FALSO

Explicação

Questão 13 de 22

1

Which of the following is TRUE of therapy of congenital heart disease?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

CHD is most appropriately treated by medical therapy
All surgical approaches (not including interventional catheterization) require cardiopulmonary bipass
Interventional catheterization is nearly as invasive as surgeries
Some forms of CHD can be treated definitively

Explicação

Questão 14 de 22

1

Which of the following is FALSE about PDA?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

One of the most common forms of CHD in dogs
If a murmur is truly continuous, PDA is almost always the cause
PDA imposes volume overload on the right atrium and right ventricle, therefore right-sided CHF is a potential consequence
Mortality is high without correction. Transcatheter occlusion or surgical ligation represent definitive management

Explicação

Questão 15 de 22

1

Which of the following describe pulmonic stenosis? Check all that apply.

Selecione uma ou mais das seguintes:

Imposes a pressure overload on the right ventricle
Severely affected dogs may develop and succumb to right-sided CHF in the first years of life despite a lack of clinical signs during puppyhood
Definitive diagnosis requires Doppler ECHO
Initial treatment of choice is balloon valvuloplasty
A common malformation most often in large breed dogs
Imposes a pressure overload on the left ventricle
Definitive diagnosis requires M-mode ECHO
Severely affected dogs are more likely to die suddenly than to develop CHF
Management options are few, beta-blockade may be palliative

Explicação

Questão 16 de 22

1

Isolated ventricular septal defects cause a diastolic murmur, shunts left to right and imposes a volume overload on the left atrium and left ventricle. Most VSD in small animals is severe with significant clinical consequences.

Selecione uma das opções:

VERDADEIRO
FALSO

Explicação

Questão 17 de 22

1

Which of the following describe concentric hypertrophy? Check all that apply.

Selecione uma ou mais das seguintes:

Hypertrophy associated with normal chamber dimensions
Hypertrophy associated with chamber dilation
Consequence of pressure overloads
Consequence of volume overloads

Explicação

Questão 18 de 22

1

Which of the following is FALSE regarding atrial septal defects?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

A left-to-right ASD imposes a volume load on the right atrium and ventricle
If present, a murmur results from "functional pulmonic stenosis" not the shunt itself
ASDs are relatively uncommon
Can be repaired per-catheter using an occluding device or surgically under cardiopulmonary bypass
All of the above are true
All of the above are false

Explicação

Questão 19 de 22

1

Which of the following is FALSE regarding AV valve dysplasia?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Can result in regurgitation or stenosis
Relatively common in cats
Tricuspid valvular dysplasia is relatively common in labradors
Severity is often mild
Regurgitation as a result of dysplasia requires cardiopulmonary bypass for correction

Explicação

Questão 20 de 22

1

Cyanotic heart disease results when there is a shunt at one of the following: tricuspid stenosis, severe pulmonic stenosis, pulmonary hypertension associated with elevated pulmonary vascular resistance.

Selecione uma das opções:

VERDADEIRO
FALSO

Explicação

Questão 21 de 22

1

Eisenmenger's Physiology states that decreased pulmonary blood flow can result in vascular disease, a drop in pulmonary vascular resistance and shunt reversal.

Selecione uma das opções:

VERDADEIRO
FALSO

Explicação

Questão 22 de 22

1

Tetrology of Fallot is an uncommon cyanotic heart disease. Pulmonic stenosis, ventricular septal defect, right ventricular hypertrophy, and aortic malposition are all present. Definitive repair is under cardiopulmonary bypass. Phlebotomy/beta-blockade may be palliative.

Selecione uma das opções:

VERDADEIRO
FALSO

	Criado por karahm aproximadamente 10 anos atrás

ECHO, radiology, congenital heart disease

Cardio Exam 1 set 2

Questão 1 de 22

Which of the following is FALSE regarding the M-mode ECHO modality?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Explicação

Questão 2 de 22

2D mode is a cross section of the heart. You can evaluate the heart on the long or short axis. The resolution is better than M-mode images.

Selecione uma das opções:

Explicação

Questão 3 de 22

What information can you get from a cardiac ultrasound? Check all that apply.

Selecione uma ou mais das seguintes:

Explicação

Questão 4 de 22

Which of the following apply to spectral Doppler? Check all that apply.

Selecione uma ou mais das seguintes:

Explicação

Questão 5 de 22

ΔP = 4 x v². Which of the following is FALSE about this equation?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Explicação

Questão 6 de 22

Which image below is of an ECHO on the long axis?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Explicação

Questão 7 de 22

When distinguishing between mediastinal fat and cardiomegaly, fuzzy margins and a more radiolucent area surrounding the heart indicate cardiomegaly.

Selecione uma das opções:

Explicação

Questão 8 de 22

Which of the following is FALSE?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Explicação

Questão 9 de 22

Which of the following indicate right heart enlargement? Check all that apply.

Selecione uma ou mais das seguintes:

Explicação

Questão 10 de 22

Right heart enlargement in a cat looks like a Valentine's heart.

Selecione uma das opções:

Explicação

Questão 11 de 22

Which of the following is FALSE about congenital heart disease?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Explicação

Questão 12 de 22

Congenital heart disease may cause a soft murmur but a loud one always indicates the presence of disease.

Selecione uma das opções:

Explicação

Questão 13 de 22

Which of the following is TRUE of therapy of congenital heart disease?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Explicação

Questão 14 de 22

Which of the following is FALSE about PDA?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Explicação

Questão 15 de 22

Which of the following describe pulmonic stenosis? Check all that apply.

Selecione uma ou mais das seguintes:

Explicação

Questão 16 de 22

Isolated ventricular septal defects cause a diastolic murmur, shunts left to right and imposes a volume overload on the left atrium and left ventricle. Most VSD in small animals is severe with significant clinical consequences.

Selecione uma das opções:

Explicação

Questão 17 de 22

Which of the following describe concentric hypertrophy? Check all that apply.

Selecione uma ou mais das seguintes:

Explicação

Questão 18 de 22

Which of the following is FALSE regarding atrial septal defects?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Explicação

Questão 19 de 22

Which of the following is FALSE regarding AV valve dysplasia?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Explicação

Questão 20 de 22

Cyanotic heart disease results when there is a shunt at one of the following: tricuspid stenosis, severe pulmonic stenosis, pulmonary hypertension associated with elevated pulmonary vascular resistance.