Dissonance Theory

One cognition refers to own behaviour and the other the value of that behaviour

One cognition refers to own attitude and the other the value of that attitude

One cognition refers to own behaviour and the other an attitude

One cognition refers to an attitude and the other an incongruent behaviour

(a) consonant, (b) good, (c) dissonant, (d) bad

(a) consonant, (b) bad, (c) dissonant, (d) good

(a) consonant, (b) good, (c) dissonant, (d) good

(a) consonant, (b) bad, (c) dissonant, (d) bad

(1) Change one of the dissonant cognitions
(2) Add new consonant cognitions

(1) Change one of the dissonant cognitions
(2) Engage in other behaviours to distract self from dissonance

(1) Change both dissonant cognitions
(2) Add new consonant cognitions

(1) Change both dissonant cognitions
(2) Engage in other behaviours to distract self from dissonance

(1) Induced Compliance Paradigm
(2) Effort Justification Paradigm
(3) Free Choice Paradigm

(1) The Dissonance Paradigm
(2) Effort Justification Paradigm
(3) Free Choice Paradigm

(1) Induced Compliance Paradigm
(2) Alternate Cognitions Paradigm
(3) Free Choice Paradigm

(1) The Dissonance Paradigm
(2) Alternate Cognitions Paradigm
(3) Free Choice Paradigm

Participants asked to do something counterattitudinal and are induced to comply with experimenters request

Participants asked to do something proattitudinal and are induced to comply with experimenters request

Participants asked to do something counterattitudinal and are induced to agree with experimenter's views

Participants asked to do something proattitudinal and are induced to agree with experimenter's views

Participants asked to perform counterattitudinal behaviour will feel dissonance unless there is strong justification for their actions

Participants asked to perform counterattitudinal behaviour will feel dissonance despite whether there is strong justification for their actions

Participants asked to perform proattitudinal behaviour will feel dissonance unless there is strong justification for their actions

Participants asked to perform proattitudinal behaviour will feel dissonance despite whether there is strong justification for their actions

(a) Participants did a boring task and were told to tell other participants it was fun. They were paid nothing, $1 or $20.
(b) Those paid $1 rated the boring task as more enjoyable

(a) Participants did a boring task and were told to tell other participants it was fun. They were paid nothing, $1 or $20.
(b) Those paid $20 rated the boring task as more enjoyable

(a) Participants did a fun task and were told to tell other participants it was fun. They were paid nothing, $1 or $20.
(b) Those paid $1 rated the fun task as less enjoyable

(a) Participants did a fun task and were told to tell other participants it was fun. They were paid nothing, $1 or $20.
(b) Those paid $20 rated the fun task as less enjoyable

Dissonance is experienced when individual makes considerable effort to achieve goal that may not be worthwhile

Dissonance is experienced when an individual does not make effort to achieve a goal that may be worthwhile

Dissonance is experienced when an individual does not make effort to achieve a goal that may not be worthwhile

Dissonance is experienced when individual makes considerable effort to achieve goal that may be worthwhile

(a) Sexual discussion, stage 1 severe, mild or control, stage 2 boring discussion on animal sex
(b) Those in severe condition rated boring discussion as more enjoyable

(a) Sexual discussion, stage 1 severe, mild or control, stage 2 boring discussion on animal sex
(b) Those in severe condition rated boring discussion as less enjoyable

(a) Sexual discussion, stage 1 severe, mild or control, stage 2 interesting discussion on animal sex
(b) Those in severe condition rated interesting discussion as more enjoyable

(a) Sexual discussion, stage 1 severe, mild or control, stage 2 interesting discussion on animal sex
(b) Those in severe condition rated interesting discussion as less enjoyable

After making decision individuals almost always experience dissonance: The chosen option has some negatives and the rejected option some positives. This leads to Post Decisional Spreading of Alternatives - rating chosen higher and rejected lower.

After making decision individuals almost always experience dissonance: The chosen option has some negatives and the rejected option some positives. This leads to Post Decisional Spreading of Alternatives - rating chosen lower and rejected higher.

After making decision individuals almost always experience dissonance: The chosen option has more positives and the rejected more negatives. This leads to Post Decisional Spreading of Alternatives - rating chosen lower and rejected higher.

After making decision individuals almost always experience dissonance: The chosen option has more positives and the rejected more negatives. This leads to Post Decisional Spreading of Alternatives - rating chosen higher and rejected lower.

(a) Gave participants pills that were told to arouse, relax or do nothing. Participants had to write counterattitudinal essay under "high" or "low" choice conditions. Then rated favourablility of essay topic
(b) Arousal pill, attitudes did not change, Relax pill attitude changed under "high" choice.

(a) Gave participants pills that were told to arouse, relax or do nothing. Participants had to write counterattitudinal essay under "high" or "low" choice conditions. Then rated favourablility of essay topic
(b) Arousal pill, attitudes did not change, Relax pill attitude changed under "low" choice.

(a) Gave participants pills that were told to arouse, relax or do nothing. Participants had to write counterattitudinal essay under "high" or "low" choice conditions. Then rated favourablility of essay topic
(b) Arousal pill, attitudes became more favourable, Relax pill attitude changed under "high" choice.

(a) Gave participants pills that were told to arouse, relax or do nothing. Participants had to write counterattitudinal essay under "high" or "low" choice conditions. Then rated favourablility of essay topic
(b) Arousal pill, attitudes became more favourable, Relax pill attitude changed under "low" choice.