Flashcards
Unit 1 - Introduction to Human Geography - Key Terms
Flashcards do conjunto (51)
- 1Human-EnvironmentThe reciprocal relationship between humans and environment.
- 2Human GeographyOne of the two major divisions of Geography; the spatial analysis of human population, its cultures, activities, and landscapes.
- 3Physical GeographyOne of the two major divisions of geography; the spatial analysis of the structure, processes, and location of the Earth’s natural phenomena such as climate, soil, plants, animals, and topography.
- 4Sense of PlaceState of mind derived through the infusion of a place with meaning and emotion by remembering important events that occurred in that place or by labelling a place with a certain character.
- 5Anthropocentric ViewA view in which human interests and perspectives are highlighted.
- 6ScaleRepresentation of a real- world phenomenon at a certain level of reduction or generalization. In cartography, the ratio of map distance to ground distance; indicated on a map as a bar graph, representative fraction, and/or verbal statement.
- 7SpatialPertaining to space on the Earth’s surface; sometimes used as a synonym for geographic.
- 8Spatial PerspectiveObserving variations in geographic phenomena across space.
- 9Five Themes (of Geography)The five themes derived from the spatial perspective of geography are location, region, place, landscape, and movement.
- 10LocationThe first theme of geography; the geographical situation of people and things.
- 11Location TheoryA logical attempt to explain the locational pattern of an economic activity and the manner in which its producing areas are interrelated.
- 12RegionThe second theme of geography; an area on the Earth’s surface marked by a degree of formal, functional, or perceptual homogeneity of some phenomenon.
- 13Formal RegionA type of region marked by a certain degree of homogeneity in one or more phenomena; also called uniform region or homogeneous region.
- 14Functional RegionA region defined by the particular set of activities or interactions that occur within it
- 15Perceptual RegionA region that exists only as a conceptualization or an idea and not as a physically demarcated entity. For example, the North or the Maritimes.
- 16PlaceThe third theme of geography; uniqueness of a location.
- 17LandscapeThe fourth theme of geography; the overall appearance of an area. Most landscapes comprise a combination of natural and human- induced influences.
- 18MovementThe fifth theme of geography; the mobility of people, goods, and ideas across the surface of the planet.
- 19Spatial interactionThe nature and extent of interconnections and linkages. This de- pends on the distance between places, the accessibility of places, and the transportation and communication connectivity among places.
- 20DistanceMeasurement of the physical space between two places.
- 21AccessibilityThe degree of ease with which it is possible to reach a certain location from other locations. Accessibility varies from place to place and can be measured.
- 22ConnectivityThe degree of direct linkage between one particular location and other locations in a transport network.
- 23CartographyThe art and science of making maps, including data compilation, layout, and design. Also concerned with the interpretation of mapped patterns.
- 24Reference MapsMaps that show the absolute location of places and geographic features determined by a frame of reference, typically latitude and longitude.
- 25Absolute LocationThe position or place of a certain item on the surface of the Earth as expressed in degrees, minutes, and seconds of latitude, 0° to 90° north or south of the equator, and longitude, 0° to 180° east or west of the Prime Meridian passing through Greenwich, England (a suburb of London).
- 26Relative LocationThe regional position or situation of a place relative to the position of other places. Distance, accessibility, and connectivity affect relative location.
- 27Thematic MapsMaps that tell stories, typically showing the degree of some attribute or the movement of a geographic phenomenon.
- 28Spatial DistributionPhysical location of geographic phenomena across space.
- 29PatternThe design of a spatial distribution (e.g., scattered or concentrated).
- 30Mental MapImage or picture of the way space is organized as determined by an individual’s perception, impression, and knowledge of that space.
- 31Activity SpaceThe space within which daily activity occurs.
- 32Geomatics TechnologiesThose processes and tool used in the collection and analysis of spatial data, including remote sensing (RS), geographic information systems (GIS), Global Positioning System (GPS), and related forms of earth mapping.
- 33Remote SensingA method of collecting data or information through the use of instruments (e.g., satellites) that are physically distant from the area or object of study.
- 34Geographic Information System (GIS)A collection of computer hardware and software that permits spatial data to be collected, recorded, stored, retrieved, manipulated, analyzed, and displayed to the user.
- 35Global Positioning System (GPS)Satellite-based system for determining the absolute location of places or geographic features.
- 36GeocachingA hunt for a cache, the global positioning system (GPS) coordinates of which are placed on the Internet by other geocachers.
- 37RescaleInvolvement of players at other scales to generate support for a position or an initiative (e.g., use of the Internet to generate interest on a national or global scale for a local position or initiative).
- 38DiffusionThe spatial spreading or dissemination of a culture element (such as a technological innovation) or some other phenomenon.
- 39Cultural DiffusionThe expansion and adoption of a cultural element, from its place of origin to a wider area.
- 40Cultural BarrierPrevailing cultural attitude rendering certain innovations, ideas, or practices unacceptable or unadoptable in that particular culture.
- 41Expansion DiffusionThe spread of an innovation or an idea through a population in an area in such a way that the number of those influenced grows continuously larger, resulting in an expanding area of dissemination.
- 42Contagious DiffusionThe distance-controlled spreading of an idea, innovation, or some other item through a local population by contact from person to person—analogous to the communication of a contagious illness. (But it is NOT an illness)
- 43Hierarchical DiffusionA form of diffusion in which an idea or innovation spreads by passing first among the most connected places or peoples. An urban hierarchy is usually involved, encouraging the leapfrogging of innovations over wide areas, with geographic distance a less important influence.
- 44Stimulus DiffusionA form of diffusion in which a cultural adaptation is created as a result of the introduction of a cultural trait from another place.
- 45Relocation DiffusionSequential diffusion process in which the items being diffused are transmitted by their carrier agents as they evacuate the old areas and relocate to new ones. The most common form of relocation diffusion involves the spreading of innovations by a migrating population.
- 46Environmental DeterminismThe view that the natural environment has a controlling influence over various aspects of human life, including cultural development.
- 47PossibilismGeographic viewpoint—a response to determinism—that holds that human decision making, not the environment, is the crucial factor in cultural development. Nonetheless, possibilists view the environment as providing a set of broad constraints that limits the possibilities of human choice.
- 48Regional GeographyThe study of a region’s unique characteristics, including its natural and human characteristics, in order to understand how areas differ from each other.
- 49Behavioural GeographyAn approach that seeks to understand and model human behaviour and the decision-making processes implicated in human relationships with place.
- 50Spatial AnalysisQuantitative procedures used to under- stand the spatial arrangement of phenomena and the related patterns of connections and lows.
- 51Humanistic GeographyAn approach that focuses on the human aspects of place, including human emotions, values, and desires.
Informações
- Descrição
- These are from our textbook. Fouberg, Erin H.. Human Geography, Canadian Edition. John Wiley & Sons (Canada). VitalBook file.
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- Usuário eliminado · dez 2016
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- 18 jan 2017
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- Criado por gstoneman · 21 nov 2014
- Copiado por Johnny Hammer · 22 dez 2016
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