Flashcards
Ch. 1 Introducing Psychology
Flashcards do conjunto (33)
- 1the study of behavior and mental processes of humans and animalsPsychology
- 24 Goals of Psychology1. To describe behavior
2. To explain behavior
3. To predict behavior
4. To influence (control or modify) the behavior - 3of or relating to the body (key word=physical)Physiological
- 4refers to mental activitiesCognitive
- 5idea that we are born a blank slate KNOWING NOTHING, "we are born a white sheet of paper & experience writes upon itTabula Rasa (John Locke's Big Idea)
- 6John Locke said we are born a "blank slate" in other words a white sheet of paper that experience writes on. this is called a __________ ___________.Tabula Rasa
- 7—Wilhelm Wundt opened the first psychology laboratory in 1879; considered to be the "father of psychology"
- 8—Sigmund Freud
Founded psychoanalysis; used techniques like free association and dream analysis to study unconsious mind
- 9Early behaviorist; did the Little Albert Experiment; a boy called Little Albert was conditioned to be afraid of a white ratJohn B. Watson
- 10an educated guess; a testable predictionHypothesis
- 11research or science meant to expand our knowledge base; OPPOSITE of applied scienceBasic (pure) research
- 12research or science used to solve real problems: in other words you APPLY psychology principles to solve problemsApplied Research (aka Applied Science)
- 13step-by-step procedure psychologists use when conducting research.scientific method
- 14dualismBelief that the mind and the body are separate entities
- 15science of skull bumpsPhrenology
- 16Early approach in psychology developed by Edward Bradford Titchener ( a student of Wilhelm Wundt) that used introspection to identify the most basic components, or structures of conscious experiencesstructuralism
- 17_______ was an early approach that rejected introspection. Instead of asking subjects to describe the emotion of fear, ________ studied how fear enables people to adapt to their environment.Functionalism; functionalists
- 18This approach emphasized the role of unconscious urges and conflicts in determining behaviorpsychoanalysis (aka psychoanalytic perspective)
- 19a school of thought that looks at the human mind and behavior as a whole. Originating in the work of Max Wertheimer, Gestalt psychology formed partially as a response to structuralism which focused on breaking down mental events and experiences to the smallest elementsGestalt psychology
- 20Perspective that emphasizes observable BEHAVIOR that can be objectively measuredBehaviorism
- 21Perspective that emphasizes the importance of self-esteem, free will, and choice in human behaviorHumanistic psychology
- 22This perspective compares the mind to a computer that encodes, processes, and stores information. Emphasizes thinking, perceiving, and information processingCognitive perspective
- 23Influenced by the writings of Charles Darwin, this perspective emphasizes the role played by natural selection and adaptation in the evolution of behavior and mental processes.evolutionary perspective
- 24Psychologists who employ the __________ perspective study biological basis of human and animal behaviorbiological (aka biomedical)
- 25This perspective focuses on how culture and social situations affect the way people think, feel, and behave.sociocultural
- 26The most popular career in psychology. These psychologists specialize in the evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment of psychological disorders.clinical psychology
- 27________________ psychologists apply the principles of psychology to the workplace, including employee motivation, job satisfaction and personnel selection.Industrial-Organizational (I/O) psychologists
- 28First female president of the American Psychological Association (APA)Mary Whiton Calkins
- 29First American woman to receive a PH.D in psychologyMargaret Floy Washburn
- 30—John B. Watson
One of the founders of behaviorism. Known for the "infamous" Little Albert experiment.
- 31Founded psychoanalysis ("Analysis of the Mind"; "The Talking Cure") Some of his BIG ideas include the id,ego, and superego, Oedipus Complex, free association, Freudian slip, defense mechanisms, & dream interpretation.Sigmund Freud
- 32Long standing debate about relative contributions of heredity and environment on behaviorNature vs. Nurture
- 33B.F. SkinnerA behaviorist he believed that psychology should focus exclusively on observable behavior that could be objectively measured. His BIG ideas include operant conditioning, reinforcements, and the Skinner Box.
Informações
- Descrição
- Chapter 1 Psychology Vocabulary words
- Criado por
- Usuário eliminado · mar 2017
- Atualizado
- 21 mar 2017
- Visualizações
- 14
- Tags
- Histórico
-
- Criado por victoria russ · 14 mai 2014
- Copiado por Catherine Honeywell · 21 mar 2017
- Avaliação