BIOSCI101 Evolution - Lecture 5

Questão 1 de 18

1

NATURAL SELECTION

Natural selection is the process in which ❌ with certain ❌ traits survive and reproduce at a ❌ rate than those without said traits.

Arraste e solte para completar o texto.

individuals

populations

heritable

non-heritable

higher

lower

Explicação

Questão 2 de 18

1

Which of these statements is FALSE with regards to natural selection?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Selection acts on the genotype, not the phenotype (trait); it can act only indirectly on the phenotype.
The heritability of phenotypic characters, sets the limits of natural selection.
Phenotypic characters or traits can be controlled by single genes or by polygenic inheritance.
It is populations and not individuals that evolve.
In terms of genetics, selection results in changes in gene frequencies from one generation to the next.

Explicação

Questão 3 de 18

1

If an individual is physically strong and lives a long life but has no offspring, it is still sit in a Darwinian sense.

Selecione uma das opções:

VERDADEIRO
FALSO

Explicação

Questão 4 de 18

1

Selecione das listas do Menu para completar o texto.

FITNESS

Darwinian fitness refers to the ability to ( survive, die ) and reproduce, it considers both ( viability, gene pool ) and ( fecundity, population size ). Fitness depends on the ( environment, government, era ), the fittest individual during an ice age is probably not the fittest individual once the ice age is over. ( Absolute fitness (W), Relative fitness (w) ) is a measure of the total number of offspring an individual produces. ( Relative fitness (w), Absolute fitness (W) ) is the contribution an individual makes to the gene pool of the next generation relative to the contribution of other individuals. Although it is often referred to as the relative fitness of a genotype, it is the ( whole organism, genotype ) that is subject to selection not the ( genotype, whole organism ).

Explicação

Questão 5 de 18

1

CALCULATING RELATIVE FITNESS

Relative fitness is the absolute fitness of an individual relative to the absolute fitness of the fittest individual in the population (w), w can range from 0 to 1.

Selecione uma das opções:

VERDADEIRO
FALSO

Explicação

Questão 6 de 18

1

MAJOR TYPES OF NATURAL SELECTION

Natural selection can change the frequency distribution of a heritable trait in three ways:

1. ❌ occurs when one of the extremes is favoured, driving the population in a particular direction. Directional selection is common when an environment changes or when individuals move to a new environment.
2. ❌ occurs when the extreme phenotypes are selected at the expense of intermediate forms.
3. ❌ acts against both extreme phenotypes and favours intermediates.

Arraste e solte para completar o texto.

Directional selection

Disruptive selection

Stabilising selection

Natural selection

Explicação

Questão 7 de 18

1

Match the type of natural selection with the corresponding graph.

Arraste a resposta correta para cada ponto laranja.

Directional selection

Disruptive selection

Stabilizing selection

Explicação

Questão 8 de 18

1

A selective sweep occurs when a favourable allele reaches fixation.

Selecione uma das opções:

VERDADEIRO
FALSO

Explicação

Questão 9 de 18

1

Preencha os espaços em branco para completar o texto.

SEXUAL SELECTION

Darwin described a second form of selection - selection. This form of selection is the result of competition between individuals for . Sexual selection is argued to result in sexual diism in some species.

Explicação

Questão 10 de 18

1

Sexual selection can operate in two ways:

1. ❌ selection: individuals of the same sex competing directly, and is thought to occur between males in many species.

2. ❌ selection: or mate choice, occurs between different sexes, and is typically argued to occur when females select males.

Arraste e solte para completar o texto.

Intrasexual

Intersexual

Explicação

Questão 11 de 18

1

Selecione das listas do Menu para completar o texto.

HETEROZYGOTE ADVANTAGE

Heterozygote advantage occurs when individuals that are ( heterozygous, homozygous ) have a greater fitness than do either kind of ( homozygote, heterozygote ).

Explicação

Questão 12 de 18

1

One example of heterozygote advantage is sickle-cell anaemia, in which heterozygotes are protected against the severe effects of malaria.

Although sickle-cell disease is lethal if not treated in some areas the sickle-cell allele has a frequency of 15-20%.

Selecione uma das opções:

VERDADEIRO
FALSO

Explicação

Questão 13 de 18

1

Selecione da lista do Menu para completar o texto.

FREQUENCY DEPENDENT SELECTION

In frequency-dependent selection, the fitness of a phenotype depends on how ( common, beneficial, lucky, choice as bruh ) it is in a population.

Explicação

Questão 14 de 18

1

WHY NATURAL SELECTION CANNOT FASHION PERFECT ORGANISMS

Natural selection can lead to adaptation but there are many non-adaptive traits.
1. Selection can only act on ❌. New advantageous alleles ❌.
2. Evolution is limited by ❌. Evolution co-opts existing structures and adapts them to ❌ e.g. birds and bats have not grown new limbs to serve as wings but have
modified the forelimb.
3. Adaptations are often ❌. Each organism must do many things, that is, there can be many competing selective forces operating at the same time ❌.
4. Not all evolutionary change is ❌. There are forces acting in evolution that do not result in adaptation ❌.
5. Chance, natural selection and the environment interact. Chance events can affect the evolution of a
population. For example, not all the alleles in a ❌ are better suited to the new environment than the alleles ‘left behind’. Environments may ❌ limiting the extent to which natural selection can result in adaptation.

Arraste e solte para completar o texto.

existing variation

do not arise on demand

historical constraints

new situations

compromises

e.g. sexual verses natural selection

adaptive

e.g. genetic drift

founder population

change rapidly and unpredictably

Explicação

Questão 15 de 18

1

ADAPTATION AND EXAPTATION

❌ are characteristics or traits that have evolved by natural selection for their current function.

❌ are the complement of adaptations, as they are traits that have been co-opted or enlisted for a new use.

Arraste e solte para completar o texto.

Adaptations

Exaptations

Explicação

Questão 16 de 18

1

New characteristics or traits cannot arise when structures that originally had one function are used for a different function.

Selecione uma das opções:

VERDADEIRO
FALSO

Explicação

Questão 17 de 18

1

Exaptations demonstrate that a characteristic or traits current function does not always explain its origin.

Selecione uma das opções:

VERDADEIRO
FALSO

Explicação

Questão 18 de 18

1

Some biologists believe that exaptation may play a much more important role in evolution than has generally been thought.

Selecione uma das opções:

VERDADEIRO
FALSO

	Criado por Eilidh Young quase 7 anos atrás

Stage I The University of Auckland BIOSCI 101 Quiz sobre BIOSCI101 Evolution - Lecture 5, criado por Eilidh Young em 09-06-2017.

BIOSCI101 Evolution - Lecture 5

Questão 1 de 18

NATURAL SELECTION Natural selection is the process in which ❌ with certain ❌ traits survive and reproduce at a ❌ rate than those without said traits.

Arraste e solte para completar o texto.

Explicação

Questão 2 de 18

Which of these statements is FALSE with regards to natural selection?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Explicação

Questão 3 de 18

If an individual is physically strong and lives a long life but has no offspring, it is still sit in a Darwinian sense.

Selecione uma das opções:

Explicação

Questão 4 de 18

Selecione das listas do Menu para completar o texto.

Explicação

Questão 5 de 18

CALCULATING RELATIVE FITNESS Relative fitness is the absolute fitness of an individual relative to the absolute fitness of the fittest individual in the population (w), w can range from 0 to 1.

Selecione uma das opções:

Explicação

Questão 6 de 18

Arraste e solte para completar o texto.

Explicação

Questão 7 de 18

Match the type of natural selection with the corresponding graph.

Arraste a resposta correta para cada ponto laranja.

Explicação

Questão 8 de 18

A selective sweep occurs when a favourable allele reaches fixation.

Selecione uma das opções:

Explicação

Questão 9 de 18

Preencha os espaços em branco para completar o texto.

SEXUAL SELECTION Darwin described a second form of selection - selection. This form of selection is the result of competition between individuals for . Sexual selection is argued to result in sexual diism in some species.

Explicação

Questão 10 de 18

Sexual selection can operate in two ways: 1. ❌ selection: individuals of the same sex competing directly, and is thought to occur between males in many species. 2. ❌ selection: or mate choice, occurs between different sexes, and is typically argued to occur when females select males.

Arraste e solte para completar o texto.

Explicação

Questão 11 de 18

Selecione das listas do Menu para completar o texto.

HETEROZYGOTE ADVANTAGE Heterozygote advantage occurs when individuals that are heterozygous homozygous( heterozygous, homozygous ) have a greater fitness than do either kind of homozygote heterozygote( homozygote, heterozygote ).

Explicação

Questão 12 de 18

One example of heterozygote advantage is sickle-cell anaemia, in which heterozygotes are protected against the severe effects of malaria. Although sickle-cell disease is lethal if not treated in some areas the sickle-cell allele has a frequency of 15-20%.

Selecione uma das opções:

Explicação

Questão 13 de 18

Selecione da lista do Menu para completar o texto.

FREQUENCY DEPENDENT SELECTION In frequency-dependent selection, the fitness of a phenotype depends on how common beneficial lucky choice as bruh( common, beneficial, lucky, choice as bruh ) it is in a population.

Explicação

Questão 14 de 18

Arraste e solte para completar o texto.

Explicação

Questão 15 de 18

ADAPTATION AND EXAPTATION ❌ are characteristics or traits that have evolved by natural selection for their current function. ❌ are the complement of adaptations, as they are traits that have been co-opted or enlisted for a new use.

Arraste e solte para completar o texto.

Explicação

Questão 16 de 18

New characteristics or traits cannot arise when structures that originally had one function are used for a different function.

Selecione uma das opções:

Explicação

Questão 17 de 18

Exaptations demonstrate that a characteristic or traits current function does not always explain its origin.

Selecione uma das opções:

Explicação

Questão 18 de 18

Some biologists believe that exaptation may play a much more important role in evolution than has generally been thought.

Selecione uma das opções:

Explicação

NATURAL SELECTION

Natural selection is the process in which ❌ with certain ❌ traits survive and reproduce at a ❌ rate than those without said traits.

CALCULATING RELATIVE FITNESS

Relative fitness is the absolute fitness of an individual relative to the absolute fitness of the fittest individual in the population (w), w can range from 0 to 1.

SEXUAL SELECTION

Darwin described a second form of selection - selection. This form of selection is the result of competition between individuals for . Sexual selection is argued to result in sexual diism in some species.

Sexual selection can operate in two ways:

1. ❌ selection: individuals of the same sex competing directly, and is thought to occur between males in many species.

2. ❌ selection: or mate choice, occurs between different sexes, and is typically argued to occur when females select males.

HETEROZYGOTE ADVANTAGE

Heterozygote advantage occurs when individuals that are ( heterozygous, homozygous ) have a greater fitness than do either kind of ( homozygote, heterozygote ).

One example of heterozygote advantage is sickle-cell anaemia, in which heterozygotes are protected against the severe effects of malaria.

Although sickle-cell disease is lethal if not treated in some areas the sickle-cell allele has a frequency of 15-20%.

FREQUENCY DEPENDENT SELECTION

In frequency-dependent selection, the fitness of a phenotype depends on how ( common, beneficial, lucky, choice as bruh ) it is in a population.

ADAPTATION AND EXAPTATION

❌ are characteristics or traits that have evolved by natural selection for their current function.

❌ are the complement of adaptations, as they are traits that have been co-opted or enlisted for a new use.