Narrowing of the left atrioventricular valve is...

What are the 2 causes of ms?

Which type of ms is the most common?

MAC can generally be associated with which patient?

Common clinical S&S of ms (4)

What is hemoptysis?

What is causing the hemoptysis?

What is the most common symptom of ms?

2nd most common symptom of ms?

What does the murmur sound like for ms?

What view is best for doing planimetry to determine mv area?

Why would the left atrium become enlarged in ms?

Why does the RV and RA enlarge with ms? When does this occur?

What other condition will occur with long standing ms and indicates that it is severe?

In regards to pulmonary HTN, what happens to the PA?

In regards to pulmonary HTN, what happens the the IVC and Hepatic veins?

Normal degree of ms by Pressure half time is...

Mild degree of ms by Pressure half time is...

Moderate degree of ms by Pressure half time is...

Severe degree of ms by Pressure half time is...

What is the formula to calculate MV area?

Mild mean gradient value?

Moderate mean gradient value?

Severe mean gradient value?

Normal degree of ms by the MV area method?

Mild degree of ms by the MV area method?

Moderate degree of ms by the MV area method?

Severe degree of ms by the MV area method?

Backward flow of blood into the left atrium during systole?

Causes of MR?

Causes of MR (Leaflet related)

Causes of MR (Chordae related)

Causes of MR (Pap muscle related)

Causes of MR (other causes)

What is the earliest symptom of MR?

Other S&S of MR?

Describe the murmur associated with MR

Common 2d findings in MR (7)

What 2d finding might be found in M-Mode?

What does PISA measure?

How is Vena Contracta defined?

What is the PISA formula?

Grade 1 RV=?

Grade 2 RV=?

Grade 3 RV=?

Grade 4 RV=?

In the DP/DT formula, what is being measured?

How is the DP number obtained?

Normal dp/dt values?

Borderline dp/dt values?

Abnormal dp/dt values?

A.S.E. guidelines for severity of MR
Grade 1(mild) =?

A.S.E. guidelines for severity of MR
Grade 2(moderate) =?

A.S.E. guidelines for severity of MR
Grade 3(moderate/severe) =?

A.S.E. guidelines for severity of MR
Grade 4(severe) =?