Flashcards
Mitral Valve
Cards in this deck (61)
- 1Narrowing of the left atrioventricular valve is...Mitral Stenosis
- 2What are the 2 causes of ms?Rheumatic fever and MAC(mitral annular calcification)
- 3Which type of ms is the most common?Rheumatic fever
- 4MAC can generally be associated with which patient?Elderly
- 5Common clinical S&S of ms (4)Dyspnea upon exertion, Hemoptysis, CP, Murmur
- 6What is hemoptysis?Coughing/Spitting up blood from respiratory tract
- 7What is causing the hemoptysis?Backup of blood flow into the lungs
- 8What is the most common symptom of ms?Dyspnea upon exertion
- 92nd most common symptom of ms?Hemoptysis
- 10What does the murmur sound like for ms?Diastolic rumble with and opening snap
- 11—Diastolic doming of the anterior mv leaflet. Referred to as a "hockey stick appearance" in the field
- 12What view is best for doing planimetry to determine mv area?PSAX
- 13Why would the left atrium become enlarged in ms?The LA pressure increases and empties slower
- 14Why does the RV and RA enlarge with ms? When does this occur?Back up of volume and pressure. Happens after longstanding ms
- 15What other condition will occur with long standing ms and indicates that it is severe?Pulmonary HTN
- 16In regards to pulmonary HTN, what happens to the PA?Dilate due to increased pressure
- 17In regards to pulmonary HTN, what happens the the IVC and Hepatic veins?Dilate with IVC failing to collapse 50%
- 18—RVVO
- 19—Paradoxical Septal Motion
- 20Normal degree of ms by Pressure half time is...30-60msec
- 21Mild degree of ms by Pressure half time is...90-150msec
- 22Moderate degree of ms by Pressure half time is...150-219msec
- 23Severe degree of ms by Pressure half time is...>or=to 220msec
- 24What is the formula to calculate MV area?220/P 1/2t
- 25—Severe(Mean gradient of 18mmHg)
- 26Mild mean gradient value?< 5mmHg
- 27Moderate mean gradient value?5-12 mmHg
- 28Severe mean gradient value?> 12 mmHg
- 29Normal degree of ms by the MV area method?2.5-4cm²
- 30Mild degree of ms by the MV area method?1.5-2.5cm²
- 31Moderate degree of ms by the MV area method?1-1.5 cm²
- 32Severe degree of ms by the MV area method?< 1 cm²
- 33Backward flow of blood into the left atrium during systole?Mitral regurg
- 34Causes of MR?Any abnormality of the MV apparatus
- 35Causes of MR (Leaflet related)Prolapse, Endocarditis, Flail, Stenosis, Myxomatus degeneration
- 36Causes of MR (Chordae related)Elongation, Ruptured
- 37Causes of MR (Pap muscle related)Fibrosis, calcification, ischemia, rupture
- 38Causes of MR (other causes)Prosthetic valve dysfuntion, congenital anomalies, vegetations
- 39What is the earliest symptom of MR?Fatigue
- 40Other S&S of MR?Dyspnea upon exertion, Orthopnea, Palpatations, Murmur
- 41Describe the murmur associated with MRHarsh holosystolic that radiates to the axilla
- 42Common 2d findings in MR (7)LAE, LVE, RVE, Hyperkinetic LV wall motion, LV dilatation, PHTN
- 43What 2d finding might be found in M-Mode?AoV notching(partial mid-systolic closure due to sudden decrease in volume leaving the LV)
- 44—
- 45What does PISA measure?The effective regurgitant orifice area
- 46How is Vena Contracta defined?The narrowest region of a jet that occurs just below the orifice of a regurgitant valve
- 47What is the PISA formula?RV= A MR EOA x VTI MR CW
- 48Grade 1 RV=?< 30 ml
- 49Grade 2 RV=?30-44 ml
- 50Grade 3 RV=?45-59 ml
- 51Grade 4 RV=?>or=to 60 ml
- 52—Left Ventricular systolic performance, or ventricular contractility assessment
- 53In the DP/DT formula, what is being measured?The increase in pressure divided by the time interval necessary for that increase to occur
- 54How is the DP number obtained?
- 55Normal dp/dt values?>1200 mmHg/sec
- 56Borderline dp/dt values?1000-1200 mmHg/sec
- 57Abnormal dp/dt values?< 1000 mmHg/sec
- 58A.S.E. guidelines for severity of MR Grade 1(mild) =?MR jet extends just beyond the leaflet
- 59A.S.E. guidelines for severity of MR Grade 2(moderate) =?MR jet extends 1/3 way into LA
- 60A.S.E. guidelines for severity of MR Grade 3(moderate/severe) =?MR jet extends 1/2 way into LA
- 61A.S.E. guidelines for severity of MR Grade 4(severe) =?MR jet extends mid to back wall of LA
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- Flashcards on Mitral Valve, created by Jimmy B on 26/05/2014.
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- Jimmy B
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