ENG2D1 EXAM NOTES

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ENG2D1 EXAM NOTES

DEFINITIONS

Dramatic Irony: Irony that is inherit in speeches or a situation of drama and is understood by the audience but not the characters.

Situational Irony: Irony involving a situation in which actions have an effect that is opposite from what is intended. The outcome is contrary to the expected.

Foreshadowing: To show or indicate beforehand; prefigure.

Theme: A subject of discourse, discussion, meditation or composition; topic.

Metaphor: A figure of speech in which a term or phrase is applied to something to which it is not literally applicable.

Alliteration: The repetition of the same initial sound at the beginning of two or more consecutive words, such as the repetition of b sounds in Keats's "beaded bubbles winking at the brim" ("Ode to a Nightingale") or Coleridge's "Five miles meandering in a mazy motion." ("Kubla Khan")

Imagery: Language that evokes one or all of the five senses: seeing, hearing, tasting, smelling, and touching.

Irony: The discrepancy between what is said and what is meant, what is said and what is done, what is expected or intended and what happens, what is meant or said and what others understand. Sometimes irony is classified into types: in irony of meaning, what is said is different from what is intended; in situational irony, expectations aroused by a situation are reversed; in cosmic irony or the irony of fate, misfortune is the result of fate, chance, or God; and in dramatic irony, the audience knows more than the characters in the play, so that words and action have additional meaning for the audience.

Simile: A direct comparison of two unlike things using like, as, or than.

Examples: He eats like a pig; and "with vines like golden prisons..."

Metaphor: An indirect comparison of two unlike things without using unlike things without using like, as or than.

Examples: His piggy behaviour at the buffet restaurant was distinguishing; and "The snowy carpet stretches across the lawn", and the hungry child wolfed down his dinner.

Onomatopoeia: A word that imitates the sound it represents.

Examples: Splash, gush, buzz; and ring.

Personification: Giving human qualities to animals or objects.

Examples: A smiling moon; and a jovial sun.

Rhyme: The repetition of the same sound. In poetry, the most common kind of rhyme is end rhyme, which occurs at the end of two or more lines.

Rhyme Scheme: The pattern of end rhymes. Rhyme schemes are mapped out by noting patterns of rhyme with small letters: the first rhyme sound is designated a, the second becomes b, the third c, and so on. Thus the rhyme scheme of the following stanza is aabb:

It runs through the reeds

And away it proceeds,

Through meadow and glade,

In sun and in shade

Symbol: In general terms, anything that represents or stands for something else. Obvious examples are flags, which symbolize nations, and the cross, which is a symbol for Christianity.

Theme: The main point, message, or argument of a piece of literature. Often, a theme reveals and idea or insight about life that a writer wishes to express.

Concrete poem: A poem that forms a picture of the topic or follows the contours of a shape that is suggested by the topic.

Ballad: A narrative poem of varying lengths, written to be sung, with a simple and dramatic action. Ballads tell of love, death, the supernatural, or a combination of these. Two characteristics of the salad are incremental repetition and the salad stanza. Incremental repetition repeats one or more lines with small but significant variations that advance the action. The ballad stanza commonly is four lines.

Free Verse: Also called open form, or blank verse poetry; free verse refers to poems characterized by their nonconformity to established patterns of metre, rhyme, and stanza. Free verse uses elements such as speech patterns, grammar, emphasis, and breath pauses to decide line breaks, and usually does not rhyme.

Unit Notes

English Course Themes

1. Childhood to adulthood transition (loss of innocence)

2. Importance of decision making

3.Apperance v.s. reality

1. Childhood to Adulthood transition (loss of innocence) -the face in the pool

a) The poem David portrays the theme 'loss of innocence' (Narrator watches his best friend become paralyzed not being able to do anything and then has decide to kill him or not as it is his dying wish)

b) A secret lost in the water (the main character lost his father special skill that no one else knew in the community, this was a harsh reality check because it was the one thing still connecting him to his father)

c)To Everything there is a season (the main character finally gives up in believing in Santa Clause, he thinks this is him growing up, however

2. Importance of decision making

a) The Skating Party ( the main character's decision to pick one sister or the other)

b)The Merchant of Venice (Antonio had to agree to sign the bond and hand over a pound of flesh if he could not pay back Shylock)

c) The Last word (woman had the last word and tried to contradict herself later because it benefited her)

3. Appearance v.s. Reality

a) Animal farm (pigs are actually the dictators not the comrade, they appear to be comrades as they are animals)

b)This is a test (what the student see's during his dream v.s. how he is actually doing in school and how he is going to do on the test )

c) The face in the pool (Narcissus' outward appearance fools echo into loving him yet his internal desires are quite / the opposite)