Reaction of acids with metals and carbonates

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Acids and metals

Metals high up in the reactivity series react explosively with even dilute acids.

Metals low down in the reactivity series do not react with dilute acids.

Metals in the middle of the reactivity series react steadily with dilute acids. Effervescence is seen as hydrogen gas is produced. A salt is also produced.

Metal + acid \(\rightarrow\) Salt + hydrogen

Effervesence: When bubbles of gas are produced by a reaction

Spectator ions: Do not change during the reaction

Oxidation: Loss of electrons

Reduction: Gain of electrons

Half equation:

\(2H^+(aq) + 2e \rightarrow H_2(g)\)

\(X(s)\rightarrow X^{2+} +2e\) where X is the metal

Test for hydrogen: Hydrogen burns with a squeaky pop

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Acids and carbonates

Acid reacts with metal carbonates to produce salt, water and carbon dioxide. This reaction can be used as a test for metal carbonates.

Test for carbon dioxide: Turns limewater milky

Example equation:

\(CuCO_3(s) + H_2SO_4(aq) \rightarrow CuSO_4 (aq) + H_2)(l) +CO_2(g)\)

The sulfate ion is a spectator ion