Questão 1
Questão
Which of the following is NOT indicative of accelerated red cell destruction?
Responda
-
decreased RBC, Hgb, Hct
-
increased unconjugated bilirubin, increased LDH
-
increase hemopexin
-
erythoid hyperplasia
-
URINE: increased urobilinogen, free hemoglobin, methemoglobin, hemosiderin
Questão 2
Questão
Which feature is present in BOTH intra- and extravascular hemolysis?
Questão 3
Questão
Select all that apply for INTRAVASCULAR hemolysis:
Questão 4
Questão
Select all that apply for EXTRAVASCULAR hemolysis:
Responda
-
IgG antibodies
-
presence of gall stones
-
splenomegaly
-
spherocytes
-
fragments
Questão 5
Questão
Normal adult hemoglobin consists of:
95% - 100% HbA
0% - 2% HbF
0% - 3.5% HbA2
Questão 6
Questão
Sickle Solubility screening test is a qualitative screening test that dectects the presence of sickling hemoglobins mainly HbA.
Questão 7
Questão
What are the components of an alkaline hemoglobin electrophoresis?
Responda
-
EDTA-borate buffer and cellulose acetate gel
-
pH 10.1
-
enzymatic reactions that move from cathode to anode
-
able to separate HbC from HbE
Questão 8
Questão
Alkaline electrophoresis runs SDG and CEOA2 together.
Questão 9
Questão
What techniques can be used to separate hemoglobin?
Responda
-
HbA2 ion exchange chromatography
-
HPLC: High Performance Liquid Chromatography
-
IEF: Isoelectric Focusing
-
Capillary Electrophoresis
-
Globin Chain Electrophoresis
-
All of the above
Questão 10
Questão
A positively charges cellulose attracts a negatively charged hemoglobin molecule. Which separation technique does this describe?
Questão 11
Questão
During HbA2 Column Chromatography, A2 is eluted as the 3mL glycine reagent and the absorbance of the A2 fraction and total hemoglobin are measured to determine the %HbA2.
Questão 12
Questão
Which hemoglobin fractions is HPLC able to detect and distinguish?
Questão 13
Questão
Which hemoglobin separation technique separates fractions based on the difference in charge to size ratio through an electric field?
Questão 14
Questão
An increase in HbA2 is associated with which condition?
Responda
-
IDA
-
Beta-Thal Major
-
Alpha-Thal Minor
-
Beta-Thal Minor
-
Megaloblastic Anemia
Questão 15
Questão
The principle behind the Kleihauer-Betke Acid Elution test is eluting HbF out of the solution, making the cells colourless, while HbA are resistant to elution and will stain pink.
Questão 16
Questão
Which clinical condition is screened for using the sucrose hemolysis test?
Responda
-
Hereditary Persistence of Fetal Hemoglobin (HPFH)
-
Paroxymal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria (PNH)
-
Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia (AIHA)
-
Filariasis
Questão 17
Questão
Less than 5% hemolysis indicates that RBCs of PNH are more sensitive to complement on their cell surface.
Questão 18
Questão
HAM test for PNH is based on:
Responda
-
acidified serum
-
neutral serum
-
alkaline serum
Questão 19
Questão
Which of the following interpretations matches G6PD deficiency screening test?
Responda
-
persistant fluorescence
-
weak or no fluorescence
-
NADPH not produced
-
NAD produced
Questão 20
Questão
The amount of NAD produced is proportional to the amount of PK in patient cells
Questão 21
Questão
What stain is required to see Heinz bodies?
Responda
-
Gram stain
-
Wright stain
-
Supravital stain
-
Eosin stain
Questão 22
Questão
Cells that are osmotically fragile will start to lyse at:
Questão 23
Questão
Which of the following is not included in the major hemostatic system?
Responda
-
Vascular System
-
Platelet Activity
-
Coagulation System
-
Fibrinolytic System
-
Thrombin System
-
Regulatory System
Questão 24
Questão
Which of the following is an example of an anticoagulant?
Questão 25
Questão
What is needed for platelets to adhere to the sub-endothelium?
Questão 26
Questão
Which of the following is true about thromboxane A2?
Questão 27
Questão
Which platelet membrane binding site is associated with aggregation?
Responda
-
GPIb/IX
-
GPIIb/IIIa
-
vWF Ag
-
Collagen binding site
-
FVIII Ag
Questão 28
Questão
Which of the following is not a primary hemostasis disorder?
Questão 29
Questão
Reduced aggregation with Ristocetin is associated with vWD and BSS.
Questão 30
Questão
Which condition is present if a patient has vWF, but lacks the receptor site on the platelet for it?
Questão 31
Questão
What is the condition called if the platelets lack the receptor fibrinogen?
Questão 32
Questão
Which of the following does not contribute to clot formation?
Responda
-
Tissue factor
-
Calcium
-
Heparin
-
Phospholipid
-
Thrombin
Questão 33
Questão
Which of the following does thrombin not have an effect on?
Responda
-
FXI activation
-
FVIII activation
-
FXIII activation
-
Fibrinogen --> Fibrin
-
FVII activation
Questão 34
Questão
Which of the following factors is not Vitamin K dependent?
Questão 35
Questão
Select all that are TRUE:
Responda
-
both VIII:C and VIII:Ag are deficient in hemophilia
-
FVIII is released from vWF by prothrombin
-
FVIII is labile and degrades rapidly when unbound from vWF
-
FVIII is synthesized in the liver
Questão 36
Questão
vWF is synthesized by:
Responda
-
the liver
-
endothelial cells
-
plasma cells
-
Vitamin K
-
bone marrow
Questão 37
Questão
vWD is associated with a deficiency in:
Responda
-
vWF:Rco
-
vWF:Ag
-
vWF:VIII
-
A and B
-
B and C
Questão 38
Questão
A decreased concentration of fibrinogen leads to bleeding disorders.
Questão 39
Questão
A congenital deficiency in fibrinogen will result in:
Responda
-
Prolonged PT
-
Normal aPTT
-
Normal TT
-
Prolonged aPTT
-
Prolonged TT
Questão 40
Questão
Which of the Hemophilia conditions is most rare?
Responda
-
Hemophilia A (FVIII Deficiency)
-
Hemophilia B (FIX Deficiency)
-
Hemophilia C (FXI Deficiency)
Questão 41
Questão
Which of the following is not a coagulation regulator?
Responda
-
Protein C
-
Thrombin
-
TFPI
-
Plasmin
Questão 42
Questão
Which of the following regarding Protein C and Protein S is incorrect?
Responda
-
activated by thrombin generation by binging to thrombomodulin on endothelial cells
-
inactivates activated V and VIII
-
main regulatory system
-
plasminogen converted Protein C to APC
Questão 43
Questão
Tissue factor pathway inhibitor only affects the extrinsic pathway.
Questão 44
Questão
What cofactor does Antithrombin III (AT) need to effectively inhibit IXa, Xa, IIa, and XIa?
Responda
-
Warfarin
-
Ca2+
-
Heparin
-
Plasmin
-
vWF
Questão 45
Questão
Why is fibrinogen important?
Questão 46
Questão
Which of the following are components of the fibrinolytic system?
Questão 47
Questão
Thrombocytopenia can be a result of:
Questão 48
Questão
Thrombosis refers to:
Responda
-
Formation of a blood clot following an injury to a blood vessel
-
Formation of a blood clot inside an intact blood vessel, obstructing the flow of blood
-
Formation of a blood clot that is easily solubilized
-
A portion of a larger clot that breaks free
Questão 49
Questão
Which of the following would cause a clotting disorder?
Responda
-
Protein C deficiency
-
vWD
-
Factor Deficiency
-
Hemophilia A or B
Questão 50
Questão
Where do the majority of pulmonary emboli originate from?
Responda
-
thrombi in arm
-
thrombi in abdomen
-
thrombi in deep leg
-
thrombi in kidney
Questão 51
Questão
Strokes results from the acute blockage of arterial blood flow in which artery?
Responda
-
Pulmonary artery
-
Coronary artery
-
Corotid artery
-
Hepatic artery
Questão 52
Questão
Which of the following will affect platelet adhesion?
Questão 53
Questão
Which of the following regarding Lupus Anticoagulant is true?
Responda
-
causes neutralization of phospholipid reagent in vitro
-
miscarriages are common in SLE
-
LA acts as an antibody to platelet
-
women are more commonly affected
-
followup tests include DRVVT
Questão 54
Questão
Which of the following regarding DIC is false?
Responda
-
begins with excessive clotting stimulated by a substance that enters the blood
-
results in both excessive clotting and excessive bleeding
-
fibrin degradation products are generated
-
DIC is not a systemic problem, localized to specific area
-
plasminogen is consumed as it is converted into plasmin
Questão 55
Questão
Identify the correct lab results for DIC:
Responda
-
increased platelets
-
schistocytes
-
PT and aPTT prolonged
-
D-dimer increased
-
Bleeding Time prolonged
-
Fibrinogen increased
Questão 56
Questão
D-dimer has a negative predicative value for DIC because:
Responda
-
D-dimer measures split products formed after formation of fibrin clot, but is not specific for DIC
-
Usually present in chronic conditions
-
high levels of FDPs are specific for DIC
-
none of the above
Questão 57
Questão
Which of the following tests is normal in a patient with vWD?
Responda
-
Bleeding Time
-
aPTT
-
Platelet count
-
PT
Questão 58
Questão
Congenital deficiencies of which proteins will cause thrombosis?
Questão 59
Questão
How is antithrombin deficiency acquired?
Questão 60
Questão
Protein C and Protein S are Vitamin K independent.
Questão 61
Questão
If APC is added, aPTT is prolonged due to inhibition of coagulation.
Questão 62
Questão
Which is the most common inherited cause of thrombosis?
Questão 63
Questão
Prothrombin nucleotide 20210 is:
Responda
-
A deletion in the gene sequence
-
A single adenine to guanine mutation at position 20210
-
A single guanine to adenine mutation at position 20210
-
A nonsense codon in the sequence
Questão 64
Questão
FXII deficiency can lead to a bleeding disorder.
Questão 65
Questão
An increase in plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 will result in
Questão 66
Questão
In a mixing study, a prolonged aPTT is corrected with FVIII deficient plasma, but not with FIX deficient plasma. What is the deficiency due to?
Responda
-
FVIII
-
FIX
-
Heparin therapy
-
Coumadin therapy
Questão 67
Questão
A short-filled sodium citrate tube will have what effect on coagulation results?
Responda
-
Normal
-
Prolonged for both
-
Only affects PT
-
Only affects aPTT
Questão 68
Questão
Platelet poor plasma is required for which studies?
Responda
-
Coagulation studies
-
Aggregation studies
-
Adhesion studies
-
Fibrinogen studies
Questão 69
Questão
Which factors would be used up in a clotted specimen?
Responda
-
FI
-
FII
-
FV
-
FVII
-
FVIII
-
FXI
-
FXIII
Questão 70
Questão
Plasma adsorbed with barium sulphate will remove which group of factors?
Responda
-
Fibrinogen group factors (I, V, VIII, XIII)
-
Vitamin K dependent factors (II, VII, IX, X)
-
Contact Group Factor (XII, Pre-K, HMWK)
-
TF complex (VII, TF)
Questão 71
Questão
What is needed to initiate the intrinsic pathway in vitro?
Responda
-
Kaolin
-
Tissue factor
-
Phospholipid
-
Calcium
-
Thromboplastin
Questão 72
Questão
INR is used to monitor heparin therapy.
Questão 73
Questão
Select all that are true for aPTT:
Responda
-
monitors Coumadin therapy
-
screens for defects in the intrinsic and common pathways
-
requires a source of phospholipid
-
required to calculate INR
-
Kaolin is an example of a negatively charged surface needed to activate cascade
Questão 74
Questão
A mixing studies was performed on a sample and was corrected. To determine if the correction was a result of a factor deficiency or factor antibody, another mixing studies was performed and incubated. The mixing studies results were corrected. This suggests the presence of a factor antibody. Is this interpretation correct?
Questão 75
Questão
The euglobulin lysis time tests how long it takes for the sample to clot.
Questão 76
Questão
Which of the following can prolong thrombin time, which looks at how long it takes a sample to clot.
Responda
-
Warfarin
-
Heparin
-
FDPs
-
Tissue factor
Questão 77
Questão
Clot formation time is proportional to the concentration of fibrinogen in the sample plasma.
Questão 78
Questão
The Clauss method of fibrinogen assay involves
Questão 79
Questão
5M Urea Test involves removing a clot and placing it in 5M urea and incubating it. Which of the following result interpretations are valid?
Responda
-
If FII levels are normal, the clot will not dissolve in 24 hours
-
If FXIII is deficient, the clot will not dissolves in 24 hours.
-
If FXIII is normal, the clot will dissolve in 24 hours.
-
If FXIII is deficient, the clot will dissolve in 24 hours.
Questão 80
Questão
Low Molecular Weight Heparin (LMWH) monitors
Questão 81
Questão
In a plasma sample with APCr, we expect that
Responda
-
Protein C is able to inactive FVa and FVIIIa
-
AT is able to inactivate FVa and FVIIIa
-
Protein C is unable to inactive FVa and FVIIIa
-
AT is unable to inactive FVa and FVIIIa
Questão 82
Responda
-
tests for FXIII deficiency
-
compares fibrinogen deficiency and heparin contamination
-
tests for factor antibody (eg. LA)
-
is inhibited by antithrombin
Questão 83
Questão
Select all that apply to the DRVVT for LA:
Responda
-
venom is a potent activator for FX
-
LA binds to phospholipid, inhibiting RVV
-
RVV is affected by deficiency in factors XII, XI, IX, or VIII
-
LA confirmed if DRVVT is corrected in excess phospholipid
Questão 84
Questão
PT 20s, aPTT 50s, TT 25s
What is the most probably diagnosis?
Responda
-
FVII Deficiency
-
FVIII Deficiency
-
FX Deficiency
-
Hypofibrinogenemia
Questão 85
Questão
Which coagulation test(s) would be abnormal in a vitamin K-dependent patient?
Responda
-
PT only
-
aPTT only
-
Both PT and aPTT
-
Fibrinogen level
-
Thrombin time
Questão 86
Questão
Which of the following is an anticoagulant therapy treatment options?
Responda
-
Dabigatran
-
Heparin
-
Anti-platelet (ASA)
-
Warfarin
-
All of the above
Questão 87
Questão
How does Warfarin (Coumadin) act as a Vitamin K antagonist?
Questão 88
Questão
Which factor monitored by Warfarin therapy has the shortest half-life?
Questão 89
Questão
If INR low, patient is at risk of bleeding.
Questão 90
Questão
Which of the following can reduce the effect of Warfarin therapy?
Responda
-
Drugs that interfere with Warfarin
-
Increased Vitamin K in diet
-
Taking Warfarin pill at different times every day (not at the same time each day)
-
All of the above
Questão 91
Questão
Which of the following anti-clotting substances acts on factors V and VIII?
Responda
-
Antithrombin III
-
Protein C
-
TFPI
-
Plasmin
-
tPA
Questão 92
Questão
Which of the following is a cofactor?
Questão 93
Questão
Heparin activates antithrombin to neutralize serine proteases activated by thrombin.
Questão 94
Questão
How is Unfractionated Heparin administered?
Responda
-
Subcutaneously
-
Intravenously
-
Superficially
-
Orally
Questão 95
Questão
How is a heparin overdose treated?
Responda
-
Warfarin
-
Vitamin K
-
Dialysis
-
Protamine sulfate
Questão 96
Questão
What side affect may arise as a result of long-term Heparin use?
Responda
-
Dyspnea
-
Photophobia
-
Osteoporosis
-
Hypotension
Questão 97
Questão
Low Molecular Weight Heparin (LMWH) has minimal affect on FIIa activity because it is too short to properly bind IIa.
Questão 98
Questão
Fondaparinux is a
Responda
-
natural drug - pentasaccharide
-
inactivates thrombin by combining with antithrombin
-
intravenous administration
-
requires lab monitoring
Questão 99
Questão
Which of the following are requires for coagulation in aPTT?
Responda
-
Plasma + phospholipid + calcium
-
Plasma + thromboplastin + calcium
-
Plasma + phospholipid + thromboplastin
-
Plasma + thrombin + calcium
Questão 100
Questão
What is the most common inherited bleeding disorder?
Responda
-
TTP
-
Hemophilia A
-
vWD
-
Factor V Leiden
Questão 101
Questão
Heparin Induced Thrombocytopenia:
Questão 102
Questão
Which of the following should be avoided when treating HIT?
Responda
-
Streptokinase
-
Urokinase
-
LMWH
-
Hirudin
Questão 103
Questão
Patients with which of the following diseases may have a normal PTT?
Responda
-
vWD
-
Hemophilia A
-
HIT
-
Factor V Leiden
Questão 104
Questão
Which of the following does not directly inhibit FXa?
Responda
-
Apixaban
-
Dabigatran
-
Riveroxaban
-
Edoxaban
Questão 105
Questão
Which direct thrombin inhibitor is not primarily used to treat HIT?
Responda
-
Dabigatran
-
Argatroban
-
Bivalirudin
-
Lepirudin
Questão 106
Questão
Which of the following are advantages of using Dabigatran?
Responda
-
no food interactions (eg. with Vitamin K)
-
no need for routine monitoring
-
reversal of bleeding with charcoal
-
none of the above
-
all of the above
Questão 107
Questão
Which of the following is false regarding direct FXa inhibitors?
Responda
-
requires routine monitoring
-
does not need antithrombin
-
used for the prevention of thrombosis and venous thromboembolism
-
all of the above are true
Questão 108
Questão
How does Aspirin inhibit platelets from aggregating?
Responda
-
Inhibits thrombin
-
Inhibits fibrinogen
-
Inhibits alpha granules
-
Inhibits Thromboxane A2
Questão 109
Questão
Which condition may thrombolytic therapy be used for?
Questão 110
Questão
Which of the following is a "clot buster drug"?
Responda
-
Streptokinase
-
tPA
-
Urokinase
-
Thrombin Inhibitors
Questão 111
Questão
Which of the following is not a thrombolytic therapy?