Skin :)

Types of the epidermis' cells [blank_start]Melanocytes[blank_end] produce pigment. Merkel cells, also known as [blank_start]tactile[blank_end] [blank_start]epithelial[blank_end] cells, attach to [blank_start]sensory[blank_end] nerve ends creating "[blank_start]light[blank_end] [blank_start]touch[blank_end]" receptors. Most superficial keratinocytes are dead. They begin in the stratum [blank_start]basale[blank_end] and are pushed to the stratum [blank_start]corneum[blank_end].

Eczema is a pathology caused by problems with...

Which of these layers contains cells with cornified cell envelopes?

Filaggrin helps with the accumulation of keratin.

In the stratum [blank_start]granulosum[blank_end], lipids form [blank_start]lamellar[blank_end] [blank_start]bodies[blank_end].

Stratum basale makes basal keratinocytes, which in turn release the products

Which keratins are associated with stratum spinosum?

Stratum Granulosum is the most prolific with constantly dividing stem cells.

Mutation of keratin [blank_start]5[blank_end] and [blank_start]1[blank_end][blank_start]4[blank_end] leads to (EBS) [blank_start]Epidermolysis[blank_end] [blank_start]Bullosa[blank_end] [blank_start]Simplex[blank_end].

Mutation of keratin [blank_start]1[blank_end] and [blank_start]1[blank_end][blank_start]0[blank_end] leads to [blank_start]epidermolytic[blank_end] [blank_start]hyperkeratosis[blank_end] (EHK.)

Which keratins are involved with stratum granulosum?

Mutation of keratin [blank_start]2e[blank_end] leads to (IBS) [blank_start]Ichthyosis[blank_end] [blank_start]Bullosa[blank_end] of [blank_start]Slemens[blank_end]. Mutation of keratin [blank_start]9[blank_end] leads to (EPPK) [blank_start]epidermolytic[blank_end] [blank_start]palmoplantar[blank_end] [blank_start]keratoderma[blank_end].

What makes up the cornified cell envelope?

Lipids are linked to [blank_start]involucrin[blank_end] and contribute to the [blank_start]epidermal[blank_end] [blank_start]permeability[blank_end] [blank_start]barrier[blank_end].

Parts of the cornified cell envelope of the epidermis

Skin has more permeable tight junctions than mucosa does.

What is true regarding mucosa?

[blank_start]Melanin[blank_end] is influenced by the amount of [blank_start]UV[blank_end] light hitting the skin. Melanin, therefore, protects the skin from [blank_start]UV[blank_end] [blank_start]radiation[blank_end]. Too much exposure to the [blank_start]sun[blank_end], the main source of such light, can lead to [blank_start]sunburn[blank_end].

Sunshine helps promote the metabolism of Vitamin D into useable forms.

the Skin pH is low (like a pH of 3)

Cleavage lines have clinical relevance in that...

Collagen fibers are all arranged in unidirectional bundles in both dense and loose connective tissue.

The dermis has 3 different embryological origins. The dermis of the [blank_start]body[blank_end] and [blank_start]limbs[blank_end] is from the lateral plate of the mesoderm. The dermis of the [blank_start]back[blank_end] is from the [blank_start]paraxial[blank_end] [blank_start]mesoderm[blank_end], which is a specific part of the [blank_start]somite[blank_end]. The dermis of the [blank_start]face[blank_end] and [blank_start]neck[blank_end] is from the [blank_start]neural[blank_end] [blank_start]crest[blank_end] [blank_start]cells[blank_end].

The ectoderm becomes the epidermis, which heals through repair.

The mesenchyme becomes dermis and heals via repair.

What is this pathological phenomenon known as?

Nails are nothing more but hard plates of [blank_start]keratin[blank_end]. They are strong due to [blank_start]high[blank_end]-[blank_start]sulfur[blank_end] [blank_start]matrix[blank_end] [blank_start]proteins[blank_end].

In the blood vessels, [blank_start]precapillary[blank_end] [blank_start]sphincters[blank_end] help with thermoregulation. When these [blank_start]contract[blank_end], heat is [blank_start]conserved[blank_end] as more blood is directed to the internal organs. When these [blank_start]relax[blank_end], heat is [blank_start]lost[blank_end] as there is more blood flow in the peripheries

What is the vasculature of the skin?

Sweat glands produce more than just sweat.

Apocrine glands are notably concentrated in the...

Sweat glands are branched tubular glands.

Apocrine glands undergo change and function better during puberty

Sweat/discharge is secreted into nearby [blank_start]hair[blank_end] [blank_start]follicles[blank_end]. Sweat/discharge has a distinctive smell (bad smell) due to interactions with [blank_start]commensal[blank_end] [blank_start]bacteria[blank_end] on the skin.

Sweat glands are known as [blank_start]apocrine[blank_end] glands or [blank_start]eccrine[blank_end] glands (more commonly associated with sweat glands,) depending on their location within the body.

Eccrine glands work via [blank_start]sodium[blank_end] [blank_start]ion[blank_end] [blank_start]pumps[blank_end]. The [blank_start]sodium[blank_end] is pumped into the sweat duct, which lead to [blank_start]passive[blank_end] [blank_start]water[blank_end] [blank_start]diffusion[blank_end].

[blank_start]Androgens[blank_end] cause thicker and more rough hair growth in the [blank_start]axillary[blank_end] and [blank_start]pubic[blank_end] regions of both sexes.

Skin Affected Lymphoid (SALT) tissue allows the skin to do its job as one of our primary defenses of the immune system.

What is true regarding the dermis?

Which of these are sensory receptors?

Importantance regarding Pacinian Corpuscles: Detects [blank_start]deep[blank_end] pressure Detects [blank_start]fast[blank_end] vibrations Myelinated? [blank_start]Yes[blank_end] [blank_start]Low[blank_end] threshold [blank_start]Fast[blank_end] adaptation [blank_start]A[blank_end] [blank_start]Beta[blank_end] axons

What is important regarding Meisner's corpuscles? [blank_start]Light[blank_end] touch [blank_start]slow[blank_end] vibrations [blank_start]A[blank_end] [blank_start]beta[blank_end] axons [blank_start]low[blank_end] threshold [blank_start]fast[blank_end] adaptation Myelinated? [blank_start]Yes[blank_end]

Meisner's corpuscles can be found in the sensitive areas.

What is one of the earliest signs of damage to the meisner's corpuscles?

What is important regarding Ruffini Corpuscles? Myelinated? [blank_start]Yes[blank_end] Detects [blank_start]temperature[blank_end] Detects [blank_start]stretch[blank_end] [blank_start]A[blank_end] [blank_start]beta[blank_end] axons [blank_start]Spindle[blank_end] shaped [blank_start]Low[blank_end] threshold [blank_start]Slow[blank_end] adaptation [blank_start]Prolonged[blank_end] response

What is important regarding hair follicle receptors? [blank_start]A[blank_end] [blank_start]beta[blank_end] axons [blank_start]Fast[blank_end] adaptation [blank_start]Bends[blank_end] and [blank_start]straightens[blank_end] the hair Is right below the [blank_start]sebaceous[blank_end] [blank_start]gland[blank_end], where it is wrapped around the hair

What is important about Merkel's disc? in [blank_start]hairless[blank_end] skin in the [blank_start]basal[blank_end] layer of skin detects [blank_start]prolonged[blank_end] pressure [blank_start]A[blank_end] [blank_start]beta[blank_end] axons [blank_start]low[blank_end] threshold [blank_start]slow[blank_end] adaptation [blank_start]small[blank_end] receptive field

What is important regarding free nerve endings? Detects [blank_start]temperature[blank_end] Detects touch Detects [blank_start]pain[blank_end] [blank_start]A[blank_end] [blank_start]beta[blank_end] axons [blank_start]C[blank_end] axons [blank_start]slow[blank_end] adaptation

Sebaceous glands are holocrine glands

[blank_start]Holocrine[blank_end] glands are glands that are composed of the products they expel.

Sebaceous glands consist of [blank_start]lipids[blank_end].

Hormonal balance of sebaceous gland: During puberty, [blank_start]acinar[blank_end] cells become more active. [blank_start]Estrogen[blank_end] inhibits acne [blank_start]Androgens[blank_end] promote acne The more official name for acne is [blank_start]acne[blank_end] [blank_start]vulgaris[blank_end].

Label the parts of thermoregulation and homeostasis cycle?