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Week 1: Mind, brain and genes

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HPS775 (Week 01: Brain, mind and genes) Quiz sobre Week 1: Mind, brain and genes, criado por wadey em 09-10-2014.
wadey
Quiz por wadey, atualizado more than 1 year ago
wadey
Criado por wadey mais de 9 anos atrás
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Resumo de Recurso

Questão 1

Questão
An evolutionary explanation describes why a structure or behaviour evolved
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 2

Questão
An ontogenetic explanation is one that describes the development of a structure
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 3

Questão
The view of the brain from below is called the _____ view
Responda
  • Dorsal
  • Anterior
  • Linear
  • Ventral

Questão 4

Questão
An autosomal gene is a gene:
Responda
  • That shows no evidence of crossing over
  • On the X chromosome
  • On the Y chromosome
  • On any chromosome other than the X or Y chromosome

Questão 5

Questão
Sex-limited genes are found on:
Responda
  • Any chromosome
  • X chromosomes only
  • Y chromosomes only
  • X and Y chromosomes

Questão 6

Questão
If a group of individuals shares a highly similar environment, what effect does this have on the heritability estimate of a characteristic?
Responda
  • It is determined by the power of the environmental factors
  • Heritability will be low
  • Heritability will be high
  • Heritability estimates will be unaffected

Questão 7

Questão
Individuals affected with PKU need to avoid
Responda
  • Sunlight
  • Foods high in phenylalanine
  • Foods high in vitamin K
  • Alcohol

Questão 8

Questão
Why do children with PKU become mentally retarded?
Responda
  • Their immune system do not fight off brain infections
  • Dendrites and synapses fail to form in associative areas of the cortex
  • Unmetabolised amino acids accumulate and affect the brain
  • Essential axons lack myelin sheaths

Questão 9

Questão
Which of the following BEST describes the concept of evolution?
Responda
  • "Always look for ways to improve"
  • "Survival of the fittest"
  • "Reproduction of the fittest"
  • "If you don't use it, you lose it"

Questão 10

Questão
The theory of evolution through the inheritance of acquired characteristics is known as:
Responda
  • Huxley's evolution
  • Lamarckian evolution
  • Darwinian evolution
  • Artificial evolution

Questão 11

Questão
An evolutionary psychologist would likely be most interested in studying:
Responda
  • Neurotransmitters in primates
  • Altruistic behaviours of meerkats
  • Cardiovascular function across species
  • Anatomy of the rat brain

Questão 12

Questão
Why is a genetic explanation for altruism problematic?
Responda
  • No behaviour has been linked to any genes
  • Only non-human animals exhibit altruistic behaviours
  • Altruistic behaviours rarely benefit the individual performing them
  • Altruism is more common among the young than among adults

Questão 13

Questão
If a person believes that hormones released at different stages of the menstrual cycle affects a person's mood, then it would be considered a(n) ________ explanation.
Responda
  • Function
  • Ontogenetic
  • Physiological
  • Evolutionary

Questão 14

Questão
An _____ explanation describes how a structure or behaviour develops, including the influence of genes, nutrition, experiences, and their interactions
Responda
  • Functional
  • Ontogenetic
  • Physiological
  • Evolutionary

Questão 15

Questão
A problem facing dualism is:
Responda
  • Explaining the relationship between mind and spirit
  • Explaining how neural activity produces mental activity
  • Explaining how a non-physical mind can influence a physical brain
  • Explaining why the mind has non-physical properties

Questão 16

Questão
If you believe the mind and brain to be separate, but somehow interact with each other, you would be considered a:
Responda
  • Dualist
  • Materialist
  • Monist
  • Separatist

Questão 17

Questão
Mentalism refers to:
Responda
  • The view that only the mind really exists and that they physical world could not exist unless some mind were aware of it.
  • The view that everything that exists is material, or physical
  • The view that mental processes and certain kinds of brain processes are the same thing described in different terms
  • The belief that the mind and body are different kinds of substance that exist independently.

Questão 18

Questão
Which of the following positions would most likely be considered the opposite of materialism?
Responda
  • Monism
  • Mentalism
  • Identity position
  • Solipism

Questão 19

Questão
Chromosomes consist of large, double-stranded molecules of:
Responda
  • Deoxyribonucleic acid
  • Ribonucleic acid
  • Autosomal genes
  • Recombination genes

Questão 20

Questão
RNA is:
Responda
  • An exact copy of DNA
  • A complementary copy of one strand of a DNA molecule
  • The combination of many proteins
  • The product of digesting DNA

Questão 21

Questão
Suppose 'A' is a dominant gene and 'a' is a recessive gene. One parent has genes Aa and the other parent has genes aa. What genes will the children probably have?
Responda
  • All will be AA
  • All will be aa
  • 3/4 will be Aa; 1/4 will be aa
  • 1/2 will be Aa; 1/2 will be aa

Questão 22

Questão
Suppose both the father and mother are 'heterozygous' for the gene that controls the ability to curl the tongue lengthwise, and this gene is dominant. What can we predict about their children?
Responda
  • All will be heterozygous for the ability to curl
  • All will be homozygous for the ability to curl
  • All will be heterozygous for the inability to curl
  • They may be homozygous or heterozygous for the ability to curl, or homozygous for the inability to curl

Questão 23

Questão
Almost all humans have 23 pairs of which of the following?
Responda
  • RNA
  • Chromosomes
  • Genes
  • Autosomes

Questão 24

Questão
In carrying out a particular visual task, what advice would help a patient with spatial neglect?
Responda
  • Tell the person to look to the right
  • Tell them to keep their hands from crossing over each other
  • Tell them to close one eye and complete the task monocularly
  • Tell the person to look to the left

Questão 25

Questão
Spatial neglect is generally associated with damage to the:
Responda
  • Postcentral gyrus
  • Precentral gyrus
  • Fusiform gyrus
  • Parietal cortex

Questão 26

Questão
Determinists believe that:
Responda
  • Free will does not exist
  • The mind is entirely independent of the brain
  • The mind controls the body
  • The complexity of the brain has been exaggerated

Questão 27

Questão
Which of the following concepts is not associated with a type of dualism?
Responda
  • Mind is an epiphenomenon
  • The identity position
  • Mind and brain closely interact
  • Mind and brain are separate and do not always interact

Questão 28

Questão
The proposition that the mind is a new, emerging product of the brain is consisted with:
Responda
  • Materialism
  • Dualism
  • Monism
  • Determinism

Questão 29

Questão
Mental events can be described as epiphenomena if they:
Responda
  • Are identical to brain events
  • Influence consciousness
  • Do not affect brain events
  • All of the above warrant use of the term "epiphenomenon"

Questão 30

Questão
The results of the Benjamin Libet demonstration suggest which of the following sequences of events is correct?
Responda
  • Brain activity first; the experience of free-will second
  • The experience of free will first; brain activity second
  • Brain activity and the experience of free-will together at the same time
  • None of the above sequences is in the correct order according to Libet's demonstration

Questão 31

Questão
Which of the following is a statement typical of evolutionary psychology?
Responda
  • "Psychological depression may be adaptive to certain individuals, particularly for individuals of low social rank"
  • "Psychological depression may be advantageous under certain circumstances, particularly in dangerous and/or competitive environments"
  • "Given the persistence and high prevalence of psychological depression to this day, it is unlikely that depression is a disease state in the strict sense of the term"
  • All of the above statements are valid examples of evolutionary psychology

Questão 32

Questão
_____ is an attentional deficit that is commonly associated with _____ brain damage.
Responda
  • Neglect; left parietal
  • Neglect; right parietal
  • Inattentional blindness; left parietal
  • Inattentional blindness; right parietal

Questão 33

Questão
The tendency to see something as moving back and forth between two positions when in fact it is alternately blinking on and off in those positions is called:
Responda
  • Inattentional blindness
  • Binocular rivalry
  • Phi phenomenon
  • Backward masking

Questão 34

Questão
A brief visual stimulus after another brief stimulus that leads to failure to remember the first, is called:
Responda
  • Inattentional blindness
  • Binocular rivalry
  • Phi phenomenon
  • Backward masking

Questão 35

Questão
When perception alternates between two patterns, viewed as separate images by each eye. Because the brain cannot perceive two things in the same location.
Responda
  • Inattentional blindness
  • Binocular rivalry
  • Phi phenomenon
  • Backward masking

Questão 36

Questão
When something complex changes slowly, or changes while blinking, it will probably go unnoticed unless attentions was given to the particular item that changes
Responda
  • Inattentional blindness
  • Binocular rivalry
  • Phi phenomenon
  • Backward masking

Questão 37

Questão
An unintentional reaction to a stimulus that draw's one's attention to something (e.g. a deer running in a park)
Responda
  • Bottom-up attention
  • Top-down attention
  • Epiphenomenon
  • Free will

Questão 38

Questão
If you believe that the mind is a product of the brain you would be considered a:
Responda
  • Mind
  • Interactionist
  • Dualist
  • Mentalist

Questão 39

Questão
The gene for high sensitivity to PTC is dominant and low sensitivity is recessive. Suppose you have high sensitivity to tasting PTC (phenylthiocarbamide). If your mother can also taste it easily, what (if anything, can you predict about your father's ability to taste it?
Responda
  • Your father must also be high sensitivity to PTC
  • Your father must be low sensitivity to PTC
  • Your father must have one dominant gene and one recessive
  • We can make no predictions about your father

Questão 40

Questão
Suppose you have high sensitivity to PTC (involves a dominant gene). If your mother has low sensitivity (homozygous recessive), what (if anything) can you predict about your father's taste sensitivity?
Responda
  • He must have high sensitivity
  • He must have low sensitivity
  • He must have one dominant gene and one recessive
  • We can make no prediction about his sensitivity

Questão 41

Questão
A sex linked gene is on _____ chromosomes, whereas sex-limited genes are on _____ chromosomes
Responda
  • Any, sex
  • Sex, any
  • Y, any
  • Any, Y

Questão 42

Questão
Sex limited genes are activated by:
Responda
  • Vitamins
  • Enzymes
  • Hormones
  • Nones of the above

Questão 43

Questão
Adding a methyl group to a histone molecule _____ it's grip on DNA, exposing _____ genes to possible activation
Responda
  • Loosens, more
  • Loosens, fewer
  • Tightens, more
  • Tightens, fewer

Questão 44

Questão
Adding an acetyl group to a histone molecule _____ it's grip on DNA, exposing _____ genes to possible activation
Responda
  • Loosens, more
  • Loosens, fewer
  • Tightens, more
  • Tightens, fewer

Questão 45

Questão
What are the main types of evidence to estimate the heritability of some behaviour?
Responda
  • Similarity between monozygotic and dizygotic twins
  • Resemblance between adopted children and biological parents
  • Determine whether the gene is more common than average among people who show a particular behaviour
  • All of the above

Questão 46

Questão
Suppose someone determines the heritability of IQ scores for a given population. Then society changes in a way that provides the best possible opportunity for everyone within that population. Heritability will:
Responda
  • Increase
  • Decrease
  • Stay the same
  • Impossible to tell

Questão 47

Questão
A mind-body philosophy marked by the belief that basic physical events (sense organs, nerve impulses, muscle contractions) are causal with respect to mental events (thoughts, consciousness and cognition):
Responda
  • Interactionism
  • Epiphenomenalism
  • Parallelism
  • Determinism

Questão 48

Questão
A mind-body philosophy that the mind and body don't interact with each other, but simply run along side each other and there happens to be a correlation between the two, but neither causes each other:
Responda
  • Interactionism
  • Epiphenomenalism
  • Parallelism
  • Determinism

Questão 49

Questão
A mind-body philosophy that mind and brain being distinct and independent, exert causal effects on one another:
Responda
  • Interactionism
  • Epiphenomenalism
  • Parallelism
  • Determinism

Questão 50

Questão
The ability to inhibit impulses develop gradually from infancy to teen years, reflecting the gradual maturation of the frontal lobes in your brain. This is a(n) _____ explanation.
Responda
  • Functional
  • Evolutionary
  • Physiological
  • Ontogenetic

Questão 51

Questão
Chemical reactions that enable hormones to influence brain activity is an example of a(n) _____ explanation.
Responda
  • Functional
  • Evolutionary
  • Physiological
  • Ontogenetic

Questão 52

Questão
A species with an appearance that camouflages with the background, being advantageous against predators is a(n) _____ explanation:
Responda
  • Functional
  • Evolutionary
  • Physiological
  • Ontogenetic

Questão 53

Questão
Human goose bumps and monkeys using tools are examples of a(n) _____ explanation
Responda
  • Functional
  • Evolutionary
  • Physiological
  • Ontogenetic

Questão 54

Questão
The spreading of genes; the number of copies in one's genes that endure in later generations
Responda
  • Fitness
  • Genetic drift
  • Natural selection
  • Kin selection

Questão 55

Questão
The process in nature, where only the organisms best adapted to their environment tend to survive and transmit their genetic characteristics in increasing numbers to succeeding generations
Responda
  • Natural selection
  • Evolution
  • Lamarckian evolution
  • Fitness

Questão 56

Questão
Many people believe that the human appendix is useless. Because it is seen to be useless, will it become smaller and smaller with each generation?
Responda
  • Within the next fifty years
  • Within the next hundred years
  • Gradually, over the next thousand years
  • No

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