Questão 1
Questão
What is the scientific study of behavior and mind?
Responda
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psychology
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philosophy
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religion
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phonology
Questão 2
Questão
Psychology was formed through a synthesis of ideas from philosophy and sociology.
Questão 3
Questão
The debated that states either we are born with certain knowledge or we have to learn everything is the _______.
Questão 4
Questão
An early technique used by William Wundt to study the mind. It required people to look inward and describe their own experiences.
Questão 5
Questão
Structuralism states that everything in consciousness can be broken down into _________ and _________.
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thoughts and desires
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desires and feelings
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sensations and thoughts
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sensations and feelings
Questão 6
Questão
Idea that seeks to understand the processes rather than the content of thought. It attempts to understand a mental process by determining what problem in the environment it helps solve. (Ex: Hunger, fear, jealousy)
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Structuralism
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Functionalism
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Psychoanalysis
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Behaviorism
Questão 7
Questão
Theory or idea that emphasized the influence of the unconscious mind on behavior.
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Psychoanalysis
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Behaviorism
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Structuralism
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Functionalism
Questão 8
Questão
Sigmund Freud believed.....
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that the conscious and unconscious mind must be analyzed before effective treatments can begin, that dreams offer insight into the unconscious world, and that many behaviors are a result of unconscious motivations
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that the mind should not be studied, that you can only observe behaviors, and that the mind and body are not connected
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that the mind and body are the same, that we are born with certain knowledge, and that experience affects brain development
Questão 9
Questão
Childhood experiences play a larger role later in life. Experience affects brain development.
Questão 10
Questão
Functionalism states that the mind should not be studied. The only thing that can be studied is observable behaviors.
Questão 11
Questão
When you stop responding to an event that has become familiar. (Ex: The tornado sirens that go off every Wednesday at 12pm)
Questão 12
Questão
When you respond more often to an intense event that has been repeated. (Ex: when you don't feel a cut until you see it then it starts to hurt)
Questão 13
Questão
A procedure in which paring in a neutral stimulus with a stimulus that elicits a response causes the neutral stimulus to elicit that response.
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classical conditioning
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operant conditioning
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one-trial conditioning
Questão 14
Questão
The gradual weakening and disappearance of conditioned behavior. (ex: Little Albert reversal)
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Extinction
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Spontaneous Recovery
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One-trial Conditioning
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Taste Aversion
Questão 15
Questão
Pavlov's Dog Experiment: 1. Before Conditioning- the food is the unconditioned stimulus and the dog's salivation is the unconditioned response. 2. Before conditioning- tuning fork is the neutral stimulus which causes the no conditioned response from the dog. 3. During Conditioning- the tuning for and the food is presented and causes the unconditioned response. 4. After Conditioning- the turning fork is now the conditioned stimulus and is presented to cause the conditioned response (salivation).
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Classical Conditioning
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Operant Conditioning
Questão 16
Questão
The reappearance of a previously extinguished conditioned response without exposure to the conditioned stimulus.
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Spontaneous recovery
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One- Trial Conditioning
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Taste Aversion
Questão 17
Questão
When one pairing of a conditioned stimulus and unconditioned stimulus produces considerable learning.
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Classical Conditioning
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Operant Conditioning
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One- Trial Conditioning
Questão 18
Questão
A Conditioned dislike for a particular food or drink that develops when you get ill from consuming it.
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Taste Aversion
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Conditioned Aversion
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Extinction
Questão 19
Questão
Changing the probability that a response will occur by manipulating that consequences of the response.
Questão 20
Questão
Eliminating Phobias
Questão 21
Questão
Selectively reinforcing successively closer approximations of a target behavior.
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Shaping
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Classical Conditioning
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Targeting
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Reinforcement Learning
Questão 22
Questão
Learning that occurs through observing the behavior of others
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Observational Learning
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Instructional Learning
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Characteristic Learning
Questão 23
Questão
The example of 4 year olds, Bobo Dolls, and aggression is an example of
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Observational Learning
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Reactivity
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Shaping
Questão 24
Questão
Reasonableness: does the information “make sense” given the facts-- and -- Authority: accepting information from a credible source-- are both
Questão 25
Questão
Way of gathering data where the researcher unobtrusively observes subjects in their natural environment.
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participant observation
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observational learning
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naturalistic observation
Questão 26
Questão
Way of gathering data where the researcher observes behavior while participating in the situation
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Reactive Observation
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Observational Learning
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Participant Observation
Questão 27
Questão
Refers to how much an individual's behavior is changed as a result of being observed.
Questão 28
Questão
Explores if the experiences of the research study are truly representative of others
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External Validity
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Reasonableness
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Authority
Questão 29
Questão
When two variables move in opposite directions (one goes up and one goes down) it is said to have a positive correlation
Questão 30
Questão
When no systematic relationship exists between two variables
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Zero Correlation
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Negative Correlation
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Positive Correlation
Questão 31
Questão
Comparing two preexisting groups
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differential research
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experimental research
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Comparison research
Questão 32
Questão
manipulating some aspect of the environment to observe the effect of the manipulation on behavior
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experimental research
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differential research
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manipulative research
Questão 33
Questão
What is manipulated in an experiment. must have at least two conditions
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independent variable
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dependent variable
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subject variable
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behavioral variable
Questão 34
Questão
behavior that is observed or measured in an experiment
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behavioral variable
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dependent variable
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independent variable
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extraneous variable
Questão 35
Questão
observable responses
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behavioral variable
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subject variable
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stimulus variable
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dependent variable
Questão 36
Questão
things that could affect an organism's response
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stimulus variable
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subject variable
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behavioral variable
Questão 37
Questão
characteristics of the participant
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subject variables
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behavioral variables
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independent variable
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stimulus variable
Questão 38
Questão
variable that is not controlled that could affect the dependent variable
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extraneous variable
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stimulus variable
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subject variable
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independent variable
Questão 39
Questão
Study of the mind and mental processes
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cognitive psychology
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psychology
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physiology
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philosophy
Questão 40
Questão
Finding a location in the brain that supports a particular cognitive process or function
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localization
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sensing
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neuroscience
Questão 41
Questão
the conversion of physical energy into the neural codes recognized by the brain
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visual perception
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sensing
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projection
Questão 42
Questão
an internal representation of the object is formed and a percept of the external stimulus is developed
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perceiving
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sensing
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projection
Questão 43
Questão
Occurs because the world is 3D but our retinal image is 2D
Questão 44
Questão
a retinal image can change dramatically but we still perceive the same thing
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perceptual constancies
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depth perception
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relative size
Questão 45
Questão
involves using visual cues to perceive the distance of objects
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perceptual constancies
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depth perception
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relative size
Questão 46
Questão
if an image of one object is bigger than another object it appears closer
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perceptual constancies
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relative size
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occlusion
Questão 47
Questão
when one object is blocked by another object , the blocked object is perceived as being further away
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occlusion
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relative size
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atmospheric perspective
Questão 48
Questão
far away objects often appear hazy or slightly blurred
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occlusion
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linear perspective
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atmospheric perspective
Questão 49
Questão
parallel lines seem to meet in the distance
Responda
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linear perspective
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atmospheric perspective
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depth perception