Quiz
Software Engineering
Crie uma conta grátis para terminar este quiz
Salve seu progresso e veja sua nota final.
Já tem uma conta? Inicie sessão
Perguntas do quiz (87)
1What is a requirement?
- AA condition or capability needed by a user to solve a problem or achieve an objective.
- BA condition or capability that must be met or possessed by a system or system component to satisfy a contract, standard, specification, or other formally imposed document
- CA documented representation of a condition or capability as in (1) or (2).
- DAll of the aforementioned definitions are correct.
2A non-functional requirement…
- ADefines a system capability
- BDefines a system constraint.
- CDefines a system functionality.
- DNone of the aforementioned definitions is correct.
3Given the next requirement: “The MTBF (Mean Time Between Failures) of the car shall be at least 100 hours.”
- AIt is a non-functional requirement (reliability).
- BIt is a functional requirement (reliability).
4Prototyping is a kind of technique that allows us:
- ATo implement all required functionalities of a system.
- BTo implement a first, complete and reliable version of a system.
- CTo extract requirements, test potential solutions and remove risky parts.
- DTo reduce and save costs being an essential activity in any project.
5Why should we invest in requirements engineering?
- AIt is always necessary to invest as much as possible because better requirements always imply a better final product.
- BIt is necessary to invest but just to some extent. If we invest too much time or money it will be a waste of resources.
- CIt is a kind of investment that is not relevant for a software project.
- DThe investment should be around the 35% of the total project time.
6Use cases, select one:
- AThe term “use case” may refer to: 1) an objective or service required by a user and 2) the set of interactions to get such objective.
- BThey are a critical factor to get a good requirement specification.
- CThey represent a kind of a temporal flow diagram in which activities are states connected through arrows to other states defining a temporal workflow to fulfill an users need.
- DNone of the aforementioned answers are correct.
7Let’s suppose that we have a requirements specification to develop a web page from scratch. The client requests us that the web shall accomplish with the W3C web standards. If we have a requirement such as “the web page shall accomplish with the W3C recommendation for multimedia contents.” We can classify this requirement into the next category:
- AUser requirement (functional)
- BUser requirement (non-functional)
- CSoftware requirement (functional)
- DSoftware requirement (non-functional)
8The requirements traceability matrix must:
- AShow the relationships between requirements and the implementation units.
- BExplain potential conflicts, overlapping and redundancies between the different functionalities specified in the set of requirements.
- CShow the data workflow of our system
- DShow the evolution (changes) of our requirements
9In which of the following stage (s) is where a requirement can be completely removed:
- AProposed
- BProposed and validated
- CProposed, validated and implemented
- DProposed, validated, implemented and verified
10Should an information model include operations (methods)?
- AYes (and always), in case of being an information operational model.
- BIt should if a class diagram is used since UML always requires the specification of operations.
- CNo, since the specification of operations is against the concept of “system”.
- DIn a high-level of abstraction, it is preferred to not include operations (or class methods) since the goal is to state the information architecture instead of the implementation design.
11Regarding a domain vocabulary…Please, select the INCORRECT answer:
- AIt comprises two sets: a conceptual model vocabulary and a technical vocabulary.
- BThe conceptual model vocabulary is a kind of bridge between a requirements specification and a conceptual model ensuring consistency between both.
- CThe technical vocabulary only collects technical terms in the context of the project (but not domain concepts).
- DAll previous answers are NOT correct.
12Regarding the notions of forward and reverse engineering:
- AAny software engineering project includes a stage of forward engineering before a stage of reverse engineering.
- BThe forward engineering produces a copy-model of an existing system while the reverse engineering produces a system from a specification.
- CIn the context of reverse engineering a model is correct if it properly represents an existing system while in forward engineering a system is correct if it properly implements what has been specified.
- DNone of the aforementioned answers is correct.
13In regards to the differences between Classes and Datatypes, please select the INCORRECT answer:
- AThe population of a class is finite and variable while the population of a datatype is finite or infinite but constant.
- BA class can be simple or structured while a datatype is always simple.
- CThe attributes of a class are fixed or variable while the values of a datatype are fixed and immutable.
- DA class can be part of unidirectional (one-way) or bidirectional (two-way) associations while a datatype can only be part of unidirectional associations.
14What kind of classes we can find depending on the types of objects that are represented in a model?
- APhysical, Logical and Historical
- BHistorical, Logical and Tangible
- CPhysical, Historical and Tangible
- DPhysical, Logical and Tangible
15How can we decide if a domain concept is modeled as a class or as a datatype? Please, select the INCORRECT answer:
- AA domain concept will be always modeled as a class since concepts are always abstract.
- BA domain concept will be modeled as a class or as a datatype depending on the target system. Therefore, the type of modeling is domain-dependent.
- CA domain concept will be modeled as an object if it represents a concrete domain instance.
- DA domain concept will be modeled as a class if it represents a family of instances and not just a concrete concept.
16Regarding UML associations…
- AThey are always symmetric and, therefore, the roles between classes can be exchanged.
- BThey are always asymmetric since they are a kind of sorted pairs and, therefore, the roles between classes cannot be exchanged.
- CIf they are reflexive, they can also be symmetric.
- DThe asymmetric associations can only be in one direction (unidirectional).
17Select the INCORRECT answer:
- AAn attribute which type is a class is a kind of unidirectional association.
- BThe same association between two classes can allow the invocation of multiple methods.
- CAny association has a multi-aspect view: dynamic, static and dimensional.
- DNouns are preferred to name association while verbs should be used to name operations.
18According to the following class diagram, Which should be the cardinality (multiplicity) between the classes Plate and Drink?
- AThese are aggregations and, therefore, it is not necessary to specify cardinality.
- BThese are specializations and, therefore, it is not necessary to specify cardinality.
- CIt is necessary to establish cardinality 0..* between the associations connected to Dish, and, 1..* in the associations connected to Food and Drink since an instance of Dish can contain more than 1 drink or food.
- DNone of the answers is correct.
19According to the Liskov substitution principle:
- AThe definition of a subclass is applicable to a superclass.
- BAll instances of a subclass are also instances of the superclass.
- CAll instances of a superclass are also instances of the subclass.
- DNone of the answers is correct.
20Select a characteristic that does NOT define a reflexive association.
- AA reflexive (or recursive) association) is a kind of association in which both ends are start and finish in the same class.
- BThe links can connect instances of different classes or event an instance with itself.
- CIt is a kind of association that represents a whole-part, transitive and asymmetric relationship transitive.
- DIn a reflexive association, the role names are mandatory to distinguish the ends of the relationship.
21Regarding composition…
- AIt serves to represent encapsulation but not restricted access to a class.
- BIt is a kind of non-shared aggregation.
- CIt does not propagate deletion operations.
- DIt can hold any type of multiplicity.
22Given a software system in which we have a database to store the information about users and an external program that is used by administrators to manage the database, Is it necessary to consider the administrators as a user in the conceptual modeling?
- AYes, we have to consider administrators as users and they can appear in diagrams and documents such as the requirements specification.
- BEnd-users must appear since they are actors but administrators must not appear since they are using an external application to manage the database.
- CEnd-users must not appear but administrators must since they have to perform operations to keep the system running.
- DNone of them must appear since they are external agents.
23A definition of “software architecture”…
- AArchitecture is defined by the recommended practice as the fundamental organization of a system, embodied in its components, their relationships to each other and the environment, and the principles governing its design and evolution.
- BArchitecture is defined by the recommended practice as the functional organization of a system.
- CArchitecture is defined by the recommended practice as the fundamental organization of a system.
- DNone of the answers is correct.
24How can we get an effective modular decomposition?
- ALow cohesion and low coupling
- BLow cohesion and high coupling
- CHigh cohesion and low coupling
- DHigh cohesion and high coupling
25In software design, a measure of the interdependence among modules in a computer program.
- ACohesion
- BCoupling
- CInheritance
- DInstantiation
26In software design, a measure of the strength of association of the elements within a module.
- ACohesion
- BCoupling
- CInheritance
- DInstantiation
27If both, abstract classes and interfaces, serve to specify operations… When should we select between the use of an abstract class or an interface?
- AInterfaces represent a better option if we want to reuse data and some operations.
- BAbstract classes represent a better option if we want to reuse data and some operations.
- CIt does not matter, the result will be the same in terms of number of instances, flexibility, extensibility, etc.
- DNone of the answers is correct.
28Regarding the notion of an interface…
- AIt only contains the definition of operations (no implementation).
- BWe cannot extend interfaces.
- CWe cannot implement interfaces.
- DNone of the answers is correct.
29Realization or “weak generalization” …
- AIt reduces dependencies.
- BIt reduces the reuse of data and code.
- CIt is an alternative to multiple inheritance that is not support in most of programming languages
- DAll answers are correct.
30Regarding preconditions…
- AThey must not be checked (neither by the client nor the provider).
- BThe client must not check preconditions.
- CThe client must assure preconditions (it is one of its obligations).
- DThe provider must assure preconditions (it is one of its obligations).
31In the context of contract-based programming and having inheritance (subcontracting)...
- AThe postcondition in a subclass must be weaker (or equal) than the postcondition in the superclass.
- BThe precondition in a subclass must be stronger (or equal) than the precondition in the superclass.
- CThe precondition in a subclass must be weaker (or equal) than the precondition in the superclass.
- DNone of the answers is correct.
32Regarding class invariants…
- AThey can sometimes be true.
- BThey must be always true.
- CThey must not be true if they are negative.
- DNone of the answers are correct.
33In the context of contract-based programming and having inheritance (subcontracting)...
- AThe postcondition in a subclass must be stronger (or equal) than the postcondition in the superclass.
- BThe postcondition in a subclass must be weaker (or equal) than the postcondition in the superclass.
- CThe precondition in a subclass must be stronger (or equal) than the precondition in the superclass.
- DNone of the answers are correct.
34Can I use a graphical notation (e.g. a diagram) to represent requirements?
- AYes, but carefully to avoid design instead of specification.
- BYes, but only activity diagrams.
- CYes, but only to represent information gathered from a person.
- DYes, but only in agile processes.
35What means that a requirement is traceable?
- AIt means that it is possible to change its structure
- BIt means that it is possible to check its consistency in a finite time.
- CIt means that a requirement exists because a reason.
- DIt means that a requirement is realistic.
36A requirements specification is...
- ACorrect when it describes the relevant needs for the stakeholders
- BComplete when it describes all relevant needs for the stakeholders.
- CComplete when the specification is consistent and does not contain any error.
- DCorrect when the specification is consistent but includes some minor error.
37Select a rule to ensure that requirements are precise…
- AIf a quantity is specified, we must use units of measurement and magnitudes with tolerances or limits.
- BIf a quantity is specified, we must ensure that the writing (spelling and grammar) of the requirement is correct.
- CIf a quantity is specified, we must ensure that each requirement is specified once and only once.
- DIf a quantity is specified, the use of superfluous infinitives shall be avoided
38Regarding the lifecycle of a requirement…
- ARegarding the lifecycle of a requirement…
- BThe implementation serves us to detect requirements
- CThe implementation serves us to verify requirements.
- DThe implementation serves us to validate requirements.
39Which is the definition of “over-specification”?
- AThe presence in the specification of elements that do not carry information relevant to any feature of the
problem. - BElements that corresponds not to a feature of the problem but to features of a possible solution.
- CThe presence of an element that uses features of the problem not defined.
- DThe presence of an element that defines a featured of the problem in such a way that a candidate solution cannot realistically be validated with respect to the feature.
- AThe presence in the specification of elements that do not carry information relevant to any feature of the
40Regarding the following two requirements:
R1: In the event of a liquid nitrogen (LN) spill, an audible alarm of 30dB shall be activated and shall continue until the LN sensors in the launch tower return to a null reading.
R2: The personnel operating in the area of the launch tower shall use hearing protection devices that provide a minimum of 35 dB of noise attenuation.- AThere is a problem of consistency.
- BThere is a problem redundancy.
- CThere is a problem of correctness.
- DThere is a problem of quantification.
41Given the next hierarchy of requirements with links between R1 and R1.x. Select the CORRECT statement:
R1 The system shall fit into a volume not exceeding 1.0 m^3.
R1.1 The system width shall be between 0.5m and 1.0m.
R1.2 The system height shall be between 0.5 m and 1.0 m.
R1.3 The system depth shall be between 0.5m and 1.0m.- AIt is NOT a good practice to design hierarchies of requirements since their implementation will be more complex.
- BIt is NOT a good practice to design hierarchies of requirements since their specification will be more complex.
- CIt is a good practice to design a hierarchy of requirements with links because it facilitates the traceability links between requirements
- DIt is a good practice to design a hierarchy of requirements with links because it improves requirements quality.
42Which IS a desired property of a model?
- AComplex
- BPrecise
- CPrescriptive
- DExpensive
43Given a class hierarchy, select the CORRECT answer:
- AIt represents a pure relationship between classes.
- BThe level of abstraction is reduced.
- CA subclass inherits all superclass protected properties.
- DIt can be interpreted as a “whole-part” relationship.
44Select the INCORRECT answer:
- AAn attribute which type is a class is equivalent to an unidirectional association.
- BThe same association can imply the possibility of invoking different operations.
- CAny association has three aspects: dynamic, static and dimensional.
- DTo name association it is preferred to use static names (nouns) saving dynamic names (verbs) for naming operations.
45What is aggregation?
- AIt is a type of association that represents a “whole-part” relationship, transitive and asymmetric.
- BIt is a kind of non-shared composition.
- CIt is a set of operations to reach an objective.
- DNone of them are correct.
46The weak generalization or realization…
- AIt increases the reuse of data and code.
- BIt increases the degree of dependency.
- CIt is an alternative to multiple inheritance.
- DIt is equivalent to a composition with inheritance regarding the reuse of class properties.
47A UML diagram…
- ARepresents the whole system from an analytical point of view.
- BRepresents part of the system from a descriptive point of view.
- CRepresents the whole system
- DRepresents a part of the system model.
48Select the CORRECT statement:
- AThe specification of a class C is equivalent to the specification of its super classes.
- BThe specification of a class C is equivalent to the specification of its interfaces
- CThe instances of a Class C may appear in the place of instances of C super classes.
- DThe instances of a Class C may appear in the place of instances of C subclasses.
49Which of the following statements about datatypes is FALSE?
- AValues are constant and immutable.
- BThey can be part of unidirectional or bidirectional associations.
- CThey can be simple or structured.
- DThey are compared by value.
50If we look for an architecture to ease the evolution and change of existing functionalities…we must consider the next non-functional requirement:
- AExtensibility
- BModifiability
- CSimplicity
- DEfficiency
51Given the next class diagram:
- AThe relationship between ConcreteElement and Element is transitive, asymmetric and not reflexive.
- BThe relationship between ConcreteElement and Element is transitive, asymmetric and reflexive
- CThe relationship between ConcreteElement and Element is transitive, symmetric and not reflexive.
- DThe relationship between ConcreteElement and Element is not transitive, symmetric and not reflexive.
52Given the next UML2 diagram, select the INCORRECT answer:
- AOne object of B must be associated with exactly 2 objects of D.
- BOne object of D must be associated with multiple objects of C.
- CObjects of B and C must be associated with exactly 2 objects of D.
- DTwo objects of D must be associated with multiple objects of A.
53In the 4-1 architectural view model, Which aspect is considered in the deployment or physical view?
- AThe mapping between software-hardware.
- BThe software organization in the development environment.
- CThe concurrency and synchronization.
- DThe representation of the information model.
54Given two components A and B where A offers an interface that is required by B: Is it possible from A to get information coming from B?
- AIt is NOT possible, since B requires A, B invokes operations in A.
- BIt is possible, since the dependency A→B means exactly that.
- CIt is possible if A offers methods that require some input.
- DIt is NOT possible since the interface has not been declared as bidirectional.
55In the development view, what represents a “component”?
- AThe implementation of all interfaces within the software system.
- BAn implementation unit that encapsulates part of the state and behavior of an interface.
- CThe processes of the software system.
- DA set of operations.
56As rule of thumb, a software system architecture is well designed if it has two properties:
- AHigh cohesion and low coupling
- BHigh cohesion and high coupling
- CLow cohesion and low coupling
- DLow cohesion and high coupling
57Which are the main software-related aspects that are addressed with the use of contracts?
- AThe accessibility and usability of a software system.
- BThe scalability and standardization of a software system.
- CThe robustness and correctness of a software system.
- DThe performance and completeness of a software system.
58Given the next relationships and considering that the type of input parameters is a kind of precondition and the type of return values is a kind a postcondition, select the CORRECT answer:
- A“F1” breaks the contract between “C” and “F” in the class invariants of method
get. - B“F1” breaks the contract between “C” and “F” in the preconditions of method
get. - C“F1” breaks the contract between “C” and “F” in the postconditions of method
get. - DF1” does not break the contract between “C” and “F”.
- A“F1” breaks the contract between “C” and “F” in the class invariants of method
59Given the next text: "The search system shall save results in a key-value database sorted by user and product."
- AIt contains syntax errors.
- BIt contains subjective sentences.
- CIt's a non-complete sentence.
- DIt includes design details.
60A good software requirement specification shall be...
- AConsistent, Certifiable, Modifiable and Correct.
- BVerifiable, Atomic, Complete and Unambiguous.
- CComplete, Consistent, Verifiable and Traceable.
- DClear, Modifiable, Structured and Consistent.
61Given a requirements specification with N functional requirements, can we estimate the number of negative requirements for such specification?
- AYes, the number of negative requirements will be equal to the negation of all functional requirements (N).
- BYes, the number of negative requirements will be equal to the number of requirements (R + C) that have been removed (R) or cancelled (C).
- CNo, because the negative requirements depend on the number of non-functional requirements.
- DNo, because the number of negative requirements is potentially infinite.
62Why should we invest in requirements engineering?
- AIt is always necessary to invest as much as possible because better requirements always imply a better final product.
- BIt is necessary to invest but just to some extent. If we invest too much time or money it will be a waste of resources.
- CIt is a kind of investment that is not relevant for software projects.
- DThe investment should be around the 35% of the total project time.
63Regarding non-functional requirements, select the INCORRECT answer:
- AThe degree of satisfaction (or verification) is incremental.
- BThey state restrictions on the product under development or in the development process.
- CThey do not require implementation since they are not functional requirements.
- DFunctional requirements are cut crosswise by non-functional requirements.
64In the context of software and systems development..
- ARequirements are validated by the implementation.
- BRequirements are verified by the implementation.
- CRequirements are validated and verified by the implementation.
- DNone of the answers are correct.
65Regarding redundancy in a requirements specification..
- AIt is not an error by itself.
- BIt can easily derive into inconsistent specifications.
- CIt can, occasionally, help the reader to understand what is being specified.
- DAll the answers are correct.
66Regarding the types of engineering..
- AForward engineering is the process of specifying a system.
- BForward engineering is the process of describing a system.
- CReverse engineering is the process of specifying a system.
- DBoth reverse and forward engineering are processes to describe a system.
67A model...
- A...can be temporarily incomplete.
- B...can contain elements that are not represented in any diagram.
- C...can contain textual specifications.
- DAll answers are correct.
68Which is NOT a desired property of a model?
- AComprehensible
- BPredictive
- CExpensive
- DPrecise
69Given the next class diagram, select the correct answer:
- AIn both cases, inheritance and realization, is necessary to specify multiplicity.
- BIn the case of inheritance, multiplicity is required but it is not the case of realization.
- CIn the case of realization, multiplicity is required but it is not the case of inheritance.
- DIn neither of both cases, inheritance and realization, multiplicity is required.
70What is aggregation?
- AIt is a type of association that represents a "whole-part" transitive relationship.
- BIt is a kind of non-shared composition.
- CIt is the set of operations to solve a problem or to reach an objective.
- DIt is not applicable when having inheritance.
71The realization or "weak generalization"...
- AIt reduces the degree of dependency.
- BIt reduces the reuse of code and data.
- CIt is an alternative to multiple inheritance that it not supported in most programming languages.
- DAll answers are correct.
72What kind of relationships can appear in a class diagram to represent a conceptual model?
- AAssociation and Dependency.
- BAssociation and Contracting.
- CAssociation, Dependency, Aggregation, Composition and Contracting.
- DAssociation, Dependency, Aggregation, Composition and Generalization.
73From a conceptual point of view...
- AA datatype represents a concept within the system.
- BA datatype can only keep constant or variable values.
- CA class represents a concept within the system.
- DA class can only keep constant and immutable values.
74Regarding multiplicity...
- AIn a binary association, multiplicity specifies the ability of a source instance to access attributes and operations of target instance.
- BIn a binary association, multiplicity indicates the number of source instances that are related or can be linked to one target instance.
- CIn a binary association, multiplicity indicates the number of source instances that are related or can be linked to some other instances through an association.
- DIn a binary association, multiplicity indicates the ability of a source instance to access attributes and operations of a target instance through an association.
75Given the next component diagram...
- AInformation only flows from A to C.
- BAny change in A can affect C.
- CA does not depend on C.
- DA depends on C and any change in C will affect A.
76In the 4+1 architectural view model, the logical view...
- ARepresents the system from the end user perspective using class diagrams.
- BRepresents the system from the developer perspective using process diagrams.
- CRepresents the system from the developer perspective using class diagrams.
- DRepresents the system from the end user perspective using process diagrams.
77What is cohesion?
- AA measure of the interdependence among modules in a computer program.
- BA measure of the strength of association of the elements within a module.
- CA measure of the strength of association among modules in a computer program.
- DA measure of the interdependence among of the elements within a module.
78Select the CORRECT answer in regards to the notion of interface:
- AThe same interface can be implemented by two different components/classes.
- BTwo interfaces offered by the same component are necessarily disjoint.
- CA component can offer one and only one interface.
- DAn interface is a set of classes that offer a coherent service.
79If we want an architecture to ease the addition of new characteristics... we must consider the next non-functional requirement:
- ASimplicity.
- BEfficiency.
- CExtensibility.
- DModifiability.
80In the context of design by contract and having inheritance (subcontracting)....
- AThe precondition of a subclass must be weaker (or equal) than the precondition in the superclass.
- BThe postcondition in a subclass must be weaker (or equal) than the postcondition to the superclass.
- CThe precondition of a subclass must be stronger (or equal) than the precondition in the superclass.
- DNone of the answers are correct.
81In the context of design by contract and given some postconditions...
- AThey must not be checked (neither by the client nor the provider).
- BThe provider must assure postconditions (it is one of its obligations).
- CThe provider must not check preconditions.
- DThe client must assure postconditions (it is one of its obligations).
82According to IEEE, a requirement is ...
- AA condition or capacity that a user needs.
- BA condition or capacity that a system must possess.
- CA documented representation of a condition or capacity.
- DAll of the options are correct.
83The use cases:
- AWith the same term "use case" you can designate an objective or service demanded by the user, and also the typical sequence of interactions with the system to achieve that objective.
- BIt is essential to achieve a good specification of requirements.
- CThey represent system activities connected by arrows that indicate the temporal sequence of execution, so that among all of them a certain service required by the actor is performed.
- DNone of the answers are correct.
84What is the main difference between Validation and Verification?
- AThe Validation looks for defects in the implementation of the project, while the Verification looks for errors of operation.
- BThe Validation looks for defects in the implementation of the project, while the Verification looks for errors in the declaration of the project.
- CThe Validation seeks defects in the interpretation of the project, while the Verification serves to find defects in the implementation.
- DThe Validation seeks defects in the interpretation of the project, while the Verification serves to confirm the Validation.
85Unlike the traceability matrix, the cross-reference matrix between requirements reflects:
- AThe consistency of the requirements (conflicts, redundancies or links between them are marked).
- BThe completeness of the requirements (incomplete ones are marked).
- CThe clarity of the requirements (the ambiguous are marked).
- DThe organization of the requirements (packages and subpackages are marked).
86Indicate which of the following is a correctly worded requirement. It should not contain any typical writing error, such as optionality, lack of atomicity, etc.
- AThe user should be able to register directly from the home page.
- BThe user must be able to register or authenticate from the same home page.
- CThe user can register from the home page by entering their data in a small form and then saving them securely.
- DThe user can register on the home page.
87About the requirements, mark the correct statement:
- AA requirement is a property of the user or system, but not both.
- BThe requirements should be divided into functional and non-functional. The specification of non-functional requirements is the responsibility of those responsible for software implementation, while the specification of functional requirements is the responsibility of other stakeholders.
- CUsually, non-functional requirements are restrictions on how to solve a problem, and allow a varying degree of satisfaction, that is, beyond the Yes or No.
- DThe user requirements describe consistency and with all technical details describe the nature of the application.
Informações
- Descrição
- 3º de ESO Software Engineering Quiz sobre Software Engineering, criado por Julia Thulin em 08-01-2020.
- Autor
- Julia Thulin
- Idioma
- English
- Visualizações
- 16
- Etiquetas
- Avaliação
- Ainda sem avaliações Avalie este quiz