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Deontology Edexcel A Level
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Perguntas do quiz (17)
1What is the nature of deontology?
- Aconsequentialist, subjective, teleological, intrinsic value on consequences
- Bobjective, absolutist, intrinsic value on actions
2Tick the different types of deontology.
- Amonistic (e.g. Kant)
- Bpluralistic (e.g. W.D. Ross)
- CDivine Command Law (e.g. Decalogue)
- Dcontractualism (e.g. rules in school)
- Eduty (e.g. obligations)
3Deontological constraints are rules or laws that make sure we refrain from doing wrong actions.
- AVerdadeiro
- BFalso
4What does Kant believe about reason and the moral law?
- AThere is an objective moral law that exists in the universe. "Moral rules exist and they are binding" (Bowie's Ethical Studies). We use reason to work out the moral law. Reason is so important that Kant refers to it as the "sovereignty of reason".
- BKant takes an a priori approach because we use reason to work out the moral law logically and no experience is needed. It is also synthetic because Kant believes that even though we don't use experience, the conclusion is not contained within the premises.
- CKant takes an a priori approach because we use reason to work out the moral law logically and no experience is needed. It is also analytic because Kant believes that even though we don't use experience, the conclusion is contained within the premises.
- DThere is an objective moral law that exists in nature.
5How is Kant different from Hume?
- AKant focuses on practical reason whereas Hume focuses on sentiments.
- BKant is a rationalist and Hume is an empiricist.
- CKant is an empiricist and Hume is a rationalist.
- DKant focuses on theoretical reason.
6Kant believes that God leads to morality.
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7What does Kant believe about good will and duty?
- AFor Kant, good will is when we use our will in a moral way. Good will is our motive and will always lead to moral acts since good will is unquestionably good and has intrinsic value.
- BGood will is not the only motive we can use. For example we could use the virtue of courage to motivate us to act morally.
- CAccording to Kant, we also need duty in order to avoid prudent self-interest. Therefore, we must do duty for duty's sake and not for any other reason.
- DKant believes we should use natural inclination to help us act morally since it revolves around feelings.
- EKant believes that all acts are good because of the right motives of good will and duty, which are dispassionate and universal.
8Nagel says we are bound to duty when we make promises.
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9What is the difference between the hypothetical imperative and the categorical imperative?
- AThe hypothetical imperative is conditional and involves consequences. Whereas the categorical imperative is unconditional and based on self less duty without feeling.
- BThe hypothetical imperative uses hypothetical reason whilst the categorical imperative uses categorical reason.
- CWe are morally bound by the hypothetical imperative whereas the categorical imperative is optional.
10Tick the three formulations of the categorical imperative.
- Athe law of nature / universalisability
- Bformula of end in itself
- Cformula of the kingdom of ends
11According to Kant, there are four types of duty. Perfect duties are inflexible and there are no exceptions. Imperfect duties are more flexible and offer some choice as to how to fulfil them.
1. Perfect duty to ourselves: We have a duty to preserve our life and not commit suicide.
2. Perfect duty to others: We have a duty to not make false promises to others and treat people meaningfully.
3. Imperfect duty to ourselves: We have a duty to develop our talents but we can decide which ones to develop and to what degree.
4. Imperfect duty to others: We have a duty to help others, such as giving to charity, but we can decide how much we help.- AVerdadeiro
- BFalso
12What is the summum bonum?
- Athe supreme or highest good / "virtue crowned with happiness" (Bowie's Ethical Studies) / God-given gift after we die / immortality of the soul
- Beudaimonia once we reach heaven
- Cthe punishment we receive if we don't follow our duty
13Tick FOUR strengths of Kant's Deontology.
- AEveryone is equal because the categorical imperative focuses on having universal and fair moral commands that treat people with value.
- BKant's Deontology is accessible to everyone because it uses reason.
- CKant is cold and inhumane, making moral decision making simpler.
- DWe are not dictated by God since morality leads to God. This perhaps promotes a more positive relationship with God, who rewards and praises us in the after-life rather than ordering us around.
- EBy not focusing on feelings and emotions, we remain rational and are in control when making moral decisions.
- FKant's Deontology doesn't consider the circumstances around the moral action.
14W.D. Ross is an example of pluralistic deontology because there are 7 prima facie duties. Ross allows some flexibility in deontology because we can decide which of the 7 prima facie duties to use in certain situations, using our intuition. We don't just rely on one duty like Kant.
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15Tick FOUR weaknesses of Kant's Deontology.
- AAlthough Kant says we are autonomous moral agents, we are only free as long as we obey the the rules of the categorical imperative. This seems quite restrictive.
- BMacIntyre: We can use the universalisability principle in the categorical imperative to justify anything we want. This could lead to absurd rules and confusion.
- CBarclay: We need clear rules in order to avoid chaotic anarchy in society.
- DNagel and Williams: Kant ignores the circumstances surrounding a moral action. We might think we are doing the morally right thing by following our duty but we may be causing harm. It isn't clear.
- EKant's theory isn't well suited to the real world where complex decisions need to be made. Kant's Deontology is just too restrictive to be accessible to many in the modern world.
16Tick FOUR weaknesses of Kant's Deontology.
- AAlthough Kant says we are autonomous moral agents, we are only free as long as we obey the the rules of the categorical imperative. This seems quite restrictive.
- BMacIntyre: We can use the universalisability principle in the categorical imperative to justify anything we want. This could lead to absurd rules and confusion.
- CBarclay: We need clear rules in order to avoid chaotic anarchy in society.
- DNagel and Williams: Kant ignores the circumstances surrounding a moral action. We might think we are doing the morally right thing by following our duty but we may be causing harm. It isn't clear.
- EKant's theory isn't well suited to the real world where complex decisions need to be made. Kant's Deontology is just too restrictive to be accessible to many in the modern world.
17Hume would argue that Kant commits the is-ought gap. This can be seen as an AO2 weakness but here is the nuance (the subtlety): You could argue that Kant avoids the is-ought gap. Kant clearly makes an 'ought' statement but he doesn't actually make an 'is' statement. Instead, Kant uses rationality and suggests that an 'ought' implies a 'can'. Kant avoids the descriptive 'is' statements and argues that if we ought to carry out an action than we CAN and are morally obliged too.
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Informações
- Descrição
- Revision quiz for the Deontology topic of Unit 3 Ethics (A2 Religious Studies Developments Edexcel)
- Autor
- fstok
- Idioma
- English
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