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1For the empirical treatment of acute uncomplicated pyelonephritis in a woman who is not pregnant is usually prescribed:
- Anitrofurantoin orally for 5 days
- Btrimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for 10 days
- Camoxicillin for 7 days
- Dciprofloxacin for 7 days
- Eciprofloxacin for 10 days
2Acute complicated pyelonephritis is defined as:
- Aany acute pyelonephritis in a pregnant woman
- Bacute pyelonephritis in men
- Cacute pyelonephritis in a patient with chronic kidney disease
- Dacute pyelonephritis in a patient with a urine catheter inserted
- Eall of the above
3 Urine culture is taken before starting treatment for urinary tract infection:
- Aif acute uncomplicated cystitis is suspected
- Bif acute uncomplicated pyelonephritis is suspected
- Calways regardless of the complexity of the infection
- Dalways regardless of the location of the infection
- Enever because the clinical picture is characteristic
4In the elderly with a permanent urinary catheter:
- AExamine your urine routinely every month
- Bonce a month we send for examination urine for urine culture and antibiogram
- CUrinary tract infections are an exception because urine flows freely from the bladder
- Dperform a urine test and urine culture in case the person has symptoms of urinary tract infection
- ELeukocyturia or bacteriuria always means an invasive infection
5Acute prostatitis:
- Ais an uncomplicated urinary tract infection
- Bis a complex urinary tract infection that is treated with 14 per day antibiotic therapy
- Cis a complex urinary tract infection that is treated with antibiotic therapy at least 4 weeks
- Dis an extremely rare infection and if left untreated, it has no specific ones consequences
- Eis an infection in a patient with a urine catheter inserted
6Recurrent acute uncomplicated cystitis is characterized by:
- AWomen of childbearing age fall ill
- BAcute cystitis occurs 3 or more times a year
- CMorphological examinations of the urinary tract are normal
- DSexually active women get sick
- Eall of the above
7Prophylactic measures and therapy to prevent urinary tract infection in women include:
- Atake an antibiotic at an adjusted dose after sexual intercourse
- Btakes a regular dose of antibiotic every night
- Cempties the bladder after intercourse
- Ddrink at least 5 liters of fluid every day
- Ehas been taking antibiotic therapy for at least 1 month
8Sexually transmitted infections:
- Acaused only by Chlamydia trachomatis
- Bas a rule, they are accompanied by high fever
- Ccan cause sterility in men and women
- Dare transmitted in swimming pools and saunas
- Ecan be diagnosed with the help of urine culture
9The nephrotoxic effect of NSAIDs is manifested as:
- Ahemodynamically induced acute renal failure
- Bacute tubulointerstitial nephritis
- Cnephrotic syndrome
- Dchronic kidney disease
- Eall of the above
10The hemodynamic effect of NSAIDs on the kidneys is due to:
- Ahypovolemia and vasodilation in the kidneys
- Bincreased diuresis due to stimulated ADH secretion
- Cacute interstitial nephritis
- Ddecreased production of prostaglandins in the kidneys due to inhibition cyclooxygenase enzyme2
- Efluid retention and heart failure
11Typical laboratory findings in acute renal failure due to taking nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are:
- Ahyponatremia
- Bhyperkalemia
- Chypokalemia
- Dincreased serum creatinine and decreased rate glomerular filtration
- Ehypernatremia
12 For nephrotic syndrome due to taking nonsteroidal antirheumatic drugs is typically:
- Anephrotic syndrome is associated with acute renal failure
- BPatients always have arthralgias due to an allergic reaction
- CRenal function never spontaneously recover after discontinuation of nonsteroidal antirheumatic drugs, but only after immunosuppression therapy
- DA kidney biopsy is not required to diagnose the disease
- EThis is most common cause of illness in young people
13Risk factors for hemodynamic acute renal failure when taking non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are:
- ACongestive heart failure
- Bliver cirrhosis
- Cchronic kidney disease
- Dhypovolemia
- Eall of the above
14 What percentage of potassium in the body of an adult is in the cells?
- A10%
- B50%
- C70%
- D98%
- E100%
15The vast majority of potassium that enters the body is excreted through:
- Aliver
- Bkidneys in proximal tubules
- Ckidneys in cortical collectors
- Dintestine
- Eskin
16Hyperkalaemia is when the concentration of serum potassium is:
- Aabove 4.5 mmol / L
- Babove 5.0 mmol / L
- Cabove 5.5 mmol / L
- Dabove 6.0 mmol / L
- Eabove 6.5 mmol / L
17False hyperkalaemia is characterized by:
- Aoccurs during or after a blood sample is taken
- Bthe most common cause is mechanical hemolysis in the rapid aspiration of blood through thin needle.
- Cthe most common cause is severe leukocytosis or thrombocytosis.
- DThe serum is a characteristic red color.
- Esymptoms and signs of hyperkalaemia.
18The causes of hyperkalaemia are:
- Aincreased potassium intake in the body
- Bdisplacement of potassium from cells into extracellular fluid
- Cdecreased urinary potassium excretion
- Ddecreased excretion of potassium through the intestine
- Edecreased excretion of potassium through the skin
19What cannot be the cause of hyperkalemia?
- Ataking potassium supplements
- Beating foods rich in potassium
- Ctransfusion of old erythrocytes
- Dtoo rapid intravenous infusion of potassium
- Evomiting
20 What is not the cause of potassium displacement from cells?
- AInsulin deficiency, hyperglycemia and extracellular hyperosmolarity liquids
- Bmetabolic alkalosis
- Cmetabolic acidosis due to excess of inorganic acids
- Dtissue breakdown, rhabdomyolysis, massive intravascular hemolysis, bleeding in gastrointestinal tract, treatment of malignant lymphomas with cytotoxic drugs)
- Emedicinal products (non-selective beta-adrenergic blockers or succinylcholine, or digitalis)
21 What is not the cause of decreased urinary potassium excretion?
- AA) renal failure
- BB) decrease in effective arterial volume (eg hypovolemic conditions)
- CC) taking a Henle loop diuretic
- DD) hypoaldosteronism
- EE) drugs (angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, receptor blockers angiotensin II, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, spironolactone, eplerenone, amiloride, triamterene, cyclosporine, tacrolimus, heparin, trimethoprim, pentamidine)
22The cause of death in hyperkalaemia is:
- AA) fibrillation or ventricular congestion
- BB) respiratory arrest
- CC) ileus
- DD) acute cardiac tamponade
- EE) pulmonary thromboembolism
23123. What degree of hyperkalemia already requires urgent treatment?
- AA) serum potassium = 6.0 mmolL
- BB) serum potassium> 6.5 mmol / L
- CC) serum potassium> 7.0 mmol / L
- DD) serum potassium> 7.5 mmol / L
- EE) serum potassium> 8.0 mmol / L
24124. Which of the five emergency treatment measures hyperkalemia is needed first?
- AA) calcium i.v.
- BB) insulin and glucose i.v.
- CC) sodium bicarbonate i.v.
- DD) cation exchange resin
- EE) acute hemodialysis
25125. How long can chronic hemodialysis survive?
- Aa. up to 10 years
- Bb. up to 15 years
- Cc. more than 40 years
- Dd. up to 20 years
- Ee. up to 30 years
26126. The most important and common complication during hemodialysis is:
- Aa. arrhythmia
- Bb. bleeding
- Cc. cramps
- Dd. hypotension
- Ee. chest pain
27The main features of continuous dialysis methods are:
- Aa. they are used in patients with end-stage renal disease
- Bb. they are used in critically ill patients in intensive care units
- Cc. as a rule, they are performed 24 hours a day
- Dd. they are suitable for the treatment of hyperkalemia because they have high clearance for small molecules
- Ee. allow greater circulatory stability compared to the classical hemodialysis
28128. What are the main advantages of peritoneal dialysis compared to hemodialysis?
- Aa. There is no need for a vascular approach
- Bb. It is performed at home
- Cc. It has high purifications for small molecules
- Dd. Residual renal function is maintained for a long time
- Ee. It is suitable for rapid corrections of electrolyte disturbances
29129. What are the most common causes of end-stage renal disease and the need for replacement therapy in the developed world?
- Aa. Chronic pyelonephritis
- Bb. Diabetic nephropathy
- Cc. Glomerulonephritis
- Dd. Hypertensive kidney disease
- Ee. Obstructive nephropathy
30130. The best sustained vascular approach for chronic hemodialysis is:
- Aa. Jugular catheter
- Bb. Subclavian hemodialysis catheter
- Cc. Native arteriovenous fistula
- Dd. Arteriovenous fistula with the help of an artificial vessel
- Ee. Femoral dialysis catheter
31131. The most common chronic complications of hemodialysis catheters are:
- Aa. Bleeding
- Bb. Poor catheter function
- Cc. Sepsis
- Dd. Acute vein thrombosis into which a catheter is inserted
- Ee. Catheter outlet infection
32132. The most important complication of peritoneal dialysis is:
- Aa. Swelling at the peritoneal catheter
- Bb. Peritonitis
- Cc. Hematoperitoneum
- Dd. Abdominal hernia
- Ee. Breathing problems
33 In hemodialysis of patients at high risk of bleeding most often we perform:
- Aa. Hemodialysis with prostacyclin
- Bb. Citrate hemodialysis
- Cc. Heparin hemodialysis
- Dd. Hemodialysis with low molecular weight heparin
- Ee. Heparin-free hemodialysis by rinsing the dialysis system
34134. What applies to disequilibrium syndrome:
- Aa. It occurs due to too rapid correction of metabolic disorders during first hemodialysis
- Bb. Cerebral edema occurs during or after hemodialysis
- Cc. It is prevented by long first hemodialysis
- Dd. It is prevented by reducing the effectiveness of the first hemodialysis
- Ee. It may occur in patients on peritoneal dialysis
35135. Delays in peritoneal dialysis are:
- Aa. Previous major abdominal surgeries
- Bb. End-stage renal disease in children
- Cc. Unsupported abdominal hernias
- Dd. Inability to perform dialysis solution changes
- Ee. End-stage renal disease in those over 65 years of age
36 At what value of glomerular filtration (or creatinine clearance) at in an asymptomatic patient with end-stage renal disease, start with dialysis treatment?
- Aa. less than 20 ml / min
- Bb. less than 10 ml / min
- Cc. less than 5 ml / min
- Dd. between 10 and 15 ml / min
- Ee. with 20-25 ml / min
37137. Peritoneal dialysis can be performed over time:
- Aa. 30 years
- Bb. 20 years
- Cc. 15 years
- Dd. up to 10 years or less
- Ee. maximum 3 years
38138. The dialysis solution is similar in composition:
- Aa. Saline
- Bb. Plasma water
- Cc. Glucose in saline
- Dd. Plasma
- Ee. Serum
39139. The following applies to hemodialysis:
- Aa. The main mechanism of blood purification is diffusion
- Bb. Significant albumin loss occurs during hemodialysis
- Cc. Normal blood flow during hemodialysis is 250-300 ml / min
- Dd. Ordinary tap water can be used to prepare the dialysis solution water
- Ee. Only purified water can be used to prepare the dialysis solution
40140. The following applies to dialysis amyloidosis:
- Aa. It occurs soon after the start of dialysis treatment
- Bb. After 20 years of dialysis treatment, almost all patients have it
- Cc. It is due to the deposition of amyloid resulting from the polymerisation of beta-2-microglobulin
- Dd. In the clinical picture, the most common syndrome is the carpal tunnel syndrome(carpal tunnel)
- Ee. corticosteroids are used in treatment
41141. In the event of the need for hemodialysis in a patient who does not have a vascular approach, a femoral catheter would be considered in the following cases:
- Aa. In immobile patients
- Bb. In mobile patients
- Cc. In patients with hemostasis disorders
- Dd. In patients who need hemodialysis immediately
- Ee. In incontinent patients who have diapers
42142. The following applies to hemodialysis catheters:
- Aa. In the period between two dialysis sessions, they are closed and filled with citrate or heparin
- Bb. In the period between two hemodialysis sessions they are filled with physiological solution
- Cc. We only use them to perform dialysis procedures
- Dd. Hemodialysis catheters can be used indefinitely for infusions or parenteral nutrition
- Ee. Insertion of hemodialysis catheters into the subclavian vein is avoided due to frequent stenoses or occlusions of the veins
43143. The following applies to an arteriovenous fistula for hemodialysis:
- Aa. It can be constructed in all dialysis patients
- Bb. An ultrasound evaluation of the arteries and veins of the upper libs is required before construction
- Cc. A good arteriovenous fistula provides blood flow of 300 ml / min or more
- Dd. The same arteriovenous fistula can be used for a maximum of 10 years
- Ee. The same arteriovenous fistula can be used for decades
44144. Most hemodialysis patients receive dialysis
- Aa. Once a week 4-5 hours
- Bb.Three times a week for 4-5 hours
- Cc. Twice a week for 6 hours
- Dd. Three times a week for 8 hours
- Ee. Once a week for 8 hours
45145. The longest survival of hemodialysis patients is expected in patients who are treated with a dialysis regimen:
- Aa. long, all-night, 8-hour hemodialysis sessions
- Bb. short daily dialysis
- Cc. 4-5 hour dialysis
- Dd. twice weekly dialysis
- Ee. four times a week dialysis
46146. The following applies to plasmapheresis:
- Aa. It is the separation of plasma from blood cells
- Bb. It is used in the treatment of electrolyte disorders
- Cc. It is used in the treatment of some immune-mediated diseases
- Dd. It is used to treat some infections
- Ee. The removed plasma should be replaced with an albumin mixture or fresh frozen plasma
47147. When plasmapheresis is performed in thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, the removed plasma is replaced by:
- Aa. with a mixture of albumin and hemofiltration infusion
- Bb. with a mixture of albumin and saline
- Cc. with fresh frozen plasma
- Dd. with albumin
- Ee. with saline
48148. Which of the following diseases is NOT treated with plasmapheresis?
- Aa. Anti-GBM disease (Goodpasture's syndrome)
- Bb. Rheumatoid arthritis
- Cc. Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
- Dd. Myasthenia gravis
- Ee. Guillain-Barré syndrome
49149. The "dry" dialysis weight in a chronic hemodialysis patient is:
- Aa. The patient is dehydrated and urgently needs infusions
- Bb. It is a weight that is determined empirically and at which the patient is normotensive
- Cc. It is a weight at which the patient feels well
- Dd. It is a weight at which the patient does not have cramps during the dialysis procedure
- Ee. It is a weight at which the patient is hypotensive
50150. Acute hypotension during hemodialysis is treated with:
- Aa. Interruption of hemodialysis procedure
- Bb. Discontinuation of fluid withdrawal during hemodialysis
- Cc. Vasopressors
- Dd. Rapid infusion of saline
- Ee. Placing the patient in the Trendeleburg position
51151. The most common cause of dyspnoea in chronic hemodialysis patients is:
- Aa. Arrhythmia
- Bb. Hypervolemia due to excessive weight gain between the two hemodialysis
- Cc. Unregulated arterial hypertension
- Dd. Ischemic heart disease
- Ee. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
52152. What drugs represent the backbone of immunosuppression after transplantation kidneys:
- Aa. Azathioprine
- Bb. Calcineurin inhibitors
- Cc. Mycophenolate
- Dd. Everolimus
- Ee. Glucocorticoids
53153. Transplant of a donor transplanted to a recipient of the same species who have different genotype is:
- Aa. Singen
- Bb. Isogenic
- Cc. Allogeneic
- Dd. Xenogeneic
- Ee. Autologous
54154. In kidney transplantation, it is determined between the donor and the recipient kidneys:
- Aa. ABO blood group compliance
- Bb. Compliance in other systems (eg Rhesus, Lewis)
- Cc. Consistency in major histocompatible antigens
- Dd. Consistency in other histocompatible antigens ("minor antigen")
- Ee. Presence of antibodies against donor HLA antigens in serum recipient
55155. At what glomerular filtration rate is the patient with progressive chronic kidney disease, a candidate for a kidney transplant can already:
- Aa. 5 ml / mini
- Bb. 10 ml / min
- Cc. 15 ml / min
- Dd. 20 ml / min
- Ee. 30 ml / min
56156. Survival of transplanted kidneys is best if the kidney donor is:
- Aa. An unrelated living donor
- Bb. The deceased donor
- Cc. Sister
- Dd. Isogenic twin
- Ee. Parent
57157. Which statement is NOT correct?
- Aa. As a rule, only one kidney is transplanted to a patient
- Bb. The kidney is implanted in the left or right iliac lodge
- Cc. The kidney is implanted instead of the previously removed own kidney
- Dd. The kidney is implanted extraperitoneally
- Ee. The vascular connections are followed by the connection of the ureter of the implanted kidney and bladder
58158. Which three active ingredients are most commonly used for long-term use prevention of kidney transplant rejection?
- Aa. Cyclosporine
- Bb. Antithymocyte globulin
- Cc. Mycophenolate mofetil
- Dd. Methylprednisolone
- Ee. Everolimus
59159. The dose of azathioprine should be reduced to 25% of normal dose when co-administered:
- Aa. Amoxicillin
- Bb. Azithromycin
- Cc. Amlodipine
- Dd. Allopurinol
- Ee. Acarbose
60160. What active ingredients can be used to treat acute cellular rejections?
- Aa. Rituximab
- Bb. High doses (pulses) of methylprednisolone
- Cc. Basiliximab
- Dd. Antithymocyte globulin
- Ee. OKT3 (anti-CD3 antibody)
61161. In which disease is a kidney and liver transplant appropriate (liver transplant do not have the enzyme defect that caused the underlying disease)?
- Aa. Primary focal glomerular sclerosis
- Bb. Diabetic nephropathy
- Cc. Primary oxaloses
- Dd. IgA nephropathy
- Ee. Fabry's disease
62162. Which virus is the most common cause of infection after a kidney transplant?
- Aa. Polioma virus BK
- Bb. Human cytomegalovirus (CMV)
- Cc. Epstein-Barr virus
- Dd. Hepatitis B virus
- Ee. Hepatitis C virus
63163. Most kidney transplant patients die from:
- Aa. Infections
- Bb. Atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases
- Cc. Malignancy
- Dd. Pulmonary emboli
- Ee. Liver failure
64164. Which malignancy is most common after a kidney transplant?
- Aa. Cervical cancer
- Bb. Nehodgkin's lymphoma
- Cc. Skin cancer
- Dd. Prostate cancer
- Ee. Breast cancer
65165. What in the case of a living donor is NOT a delay in donating?
- Aa. Arterial hypertension
- Bb. Diabetes
- Cc. Presence of anti-HBs antibodies in the blood
- Dd. Glomerular filtration <80 ml / min
- Ee. Proteinuria, unexplained erythrocyturia and leukocyturia
66166. The most common site of osteonecrosis, a complication of glucocorticoid therapy, is:
- Aa. Femoral condyle
- Bb. Spindles
- Cc. Small bones of arm and leg
- Dd. Upper arm
- Ee. Femoral head
67167. Which immunosuppressant should be discontinued before pregnancy:
- Aa. Cyclosporine
- Bb. Mycophenolate mofetil
- Cc. Tacrolimus
- Dd. Azathioprine
- Ee. Methylprednisolone
68168. The average ten-year survival of a kidney from a living donor is:
- Aa. <10%
- Bb. 15%
- Cc. 20%
- Dd. 55%
- Ee. 95%
69169. The average ten-year survival of a kidney from a deceased donor is:
- Aa. <10%
- Bb. 15%
- Cc. 40-45%
- Dd. 75%
- Ee. 95%
70170. Primary focal segmental glomerular sclerosis is NOT subject to:
- Aa. It is rarely repeated after transplantation
- Bb. It is repeated often after transplantation
- Cc. It often causes kidney transplant failure
- Dd. It can recur very early in the first days after transplantation
- Ee. Recurrence of kidney transplant disease can be effectively treated with plasmapheresis
71171. The following applies to kidney transplantation:
- Aa. After kidney transplant failure, re-transplantation is possible
- Bb. Maintenance immunosuppressive therapy can be discontinued one year after transplantation
- Cc. Before transplantation, all patients should have their heart condition examined and arteries
- Dd. In most deceased kidney donors, the cause of death is cerebral haemorrhage or injury
- Ee. The age of the donors does not affect the survival of the transplanted kidney
72
172. The diagnosis of acute renal transplant rejection is based on:- Aa. Clinical indicators
- Bb. Ultrasound-Doppler examination of the graft
- Cc. Urine examination
- Dd. Histological examination of a sample of renal tissue obtained by biopsy transplanted kidneys
- Ee. Graft angiography
73173. Which cause of kidney transplant dysfunction is generally NOT repairable:
- Aa. Acute tubular necrosis
- Bb. Renal artery thrombosis
- Cc. Renal artery stenosis
- Dd. Thrombotic microangiopathy due to calcineurin inhibitor
- Ee. Urethral obstruction
74174. What does NOT apply to infections after kidney transplantation:
- Aa. From the second to the sixth month after transplantation they appear mainly opportunistic infections
- Bb. Patients with a positive tuberculin test before transplantation receive isoniazid one year after transplantation
- Cc. No antimicrobial prophylaxis is required after kidney transplantation
- Dd. Cytomegalovirus infection is prevented by the use of ganciclovir or vanglanciglovir
- Ee. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole is used to prevent infections urinary tract infections and Pneumocystis jirovecii infections
75175. Clinical signs of renal artery stenosis are:
- Aa. Sudden onset of arterial hypertension
- Bb. Slow onset of arterial hypertension
- Cc. Unexplained decrease in glomerular filtration
- Dd. Acute renal impairment after treatment with ACE inhibitors or blockers ATII
- Ee. Noise in the abdomen
- Ff. Edema
76176. What applies to a renal cyst?
- AA. Expansion of the part of the weak renal tubule to be filled with liquid
- BB. Extended part of the extrarenal hollow urinary system, most commonly the ureter
- CC. Cysts can be acquired, congenital or hereditary
- DD. The development of cysts is facilitated by the proliferation of the tubular epithelium, abnormal tubular cilia and excessive tubular secretion liquids
77177. Which drugs are the most important cause of prerenal acute renal failure?
- Aa. Antibiotics
- Bb. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
- Cc. Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors
- Dd. Noradrenaline
- Ee. Corticosteroids
78178. In Goodpasture's syndrome:
- Aa. Rapid diagnosis and treatment with glucocorticoids is important, cyclophosphamide and plasmapheresis. Untreated has a high mortality rate and usually leads to eventual renal failure.
- Bb. We treat exclusively with glucocorticoids
- Cc. Plasmapheresis has no place in treatment
- Dd. If they survive, non-treatment usually does not lead to end-stage renal disease cancellation
- Ee. The diagnosis is not rushed because treatment is symptomatic, glucocorticoids and cystostatics have no place, the disease often itself disappears without consequences for renal function
79179. Rapidly progressing glomerulonephritis is characterized by:
- Aa. Swelling, severe proteinuria (> 3g / day), hypoalbuminaemia, hypercholesterolemia, lipiduria
- Bb. Rapid deterioration of renal function, which may lead to renal failure within a few days or weeks, or we find a doubling of serum creatinine levels at 3 months, proteinuria (usually <3g /
day), glomerular erythrocyturia with erythrocyte cylinders, in pathohistological examination of renal tissue usually reveals extrapillary proliferation - Cc. Lumbar pain, fever, pyuria, significant bacteriuria, impaired renal function
- Dd. Hematuria, dysuria, uremia
- Ee. Proteinuria, arterial hypertension, dyspnoea, oliguria, swelling
80180. A 50-year-old patient who has not previously had problems is due to a general poor condition the last few weeks he reports to his doctor who does the basics laboratory tests and refer him to the IPP. A gentleman who otherwise never did he has been taking non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs several times in recent weeks due to headaches (he "borrowed" pills from his wife). He had diuresis well, he had no micturition problems. Urine was not disturbed or bloody. It's on examination was paler, around the ankles and pretibially there was mild edema, blood the pressure was 180/110 mm Hg, otherwise the clinical status was free special features. Anemia with Hb 87 g / L was found in laboratory tests, urea 45 mmol / l, K 6.9 mmol / l, creatinine 943 μmol / l, phosphate 2.6 mmol / l, total Ca 1.9 mmol / l. There was 2+ proteinuria and some in the urine erythrocytes. Ultrasound examination of the urinary tract showed a full bladder without peculiarities and small, snub-nosed kidneys (6-7 cm longitudinally), barely separable from the surroundings, there were a few small cysts in each.
Which statements are correct:- Aa. The patient has acute renal failure while taking NSAIDs
- Bb. Significant improvement in renal function can be expected in the patient
- Cc. The patient has end-stage renal disease and needs to be prepared on replacement therapy
- Dd. A kidney biopsy is needed to determine the cause of the kidney failure
- Ee. With all the laboratory abnormalities, it is the most life-threatening hyperkalaemia
81181. Treatment of rapidly progressing glomerulonephritis consists of:
- Aa) initial or inductive, with which we want to achieve as soon as possible moderation of disease activity
- Bb) maintenance to prevent the disease from recurring
- Cc) preventive, with which we want to prevent the occurrence of the disease
- Dd) etiological
- Ee) symptomatic
82182. Risk factors for urinary stone formation are:
- Aa. Low water intake
- Bb. Arterial hypertension
- Cc. Hypercalciuria
- Dd. Nonsteroidal antirheumatic drugs
- Ee. Hyperoxaluria
- Ff. Hyperuricosuria
- Gg. Hypercitraturia
- Hh. Hypocitraturia
- Ii. High protein intake
- Jj. Gout
83183. The most common clinical syndromes of glomerular diseases are:
- Aa) asymptomatic proteinuria and hematuria
- Bb) macroscopic hematuria
- Cc) nephrotic syndrome
- Dd) acute nephrotic syndrome (acute glomerulonephritis)
- Ee) rapidly progressing glomerulonephritis syndrome
- Ff) chronic nephritic syndrome (chronic glomerulonephritis)
- Gd) pyuria
- Hh) bacteriuria
84
184. What is characteristic of nephrotic syndrome:- Aa) pyuria and hematuria
- Bb) proteinuria> 3g / day or 3.5 g / day / 1.73 m2 or 50 mg / kg body weight heaviness,
hypoalbuminemia, swelling, hypercholesterolaemia, lipiduria - Cc) arterial hypertension, swelling, hematuria, hypercholesterolemia
- Dd) proteinuria regardless of size, swelling, impaired left function
- Ee) proteinuria, polyuria, polydipsia
85185. Treatment of nephrotic syndrome:
- Aa) low salt diet (4 g / day)
- Bb) a high-salt diet
- Cc) diet with protein intake 0.8-1g / kg body weight / day
- Dd) a high protein diet of more than 1.2 g / kg / day
- Ee) ACE inhibitors, AT 1 receptor blockers
- Ff) treatment of hyperlipidemia
- Gg) prevention of thrombosis
- Hh) prevention and treatment of infections
86186. Which statement is correct for IgA nephropathy:
- Aa) is rare among primary glomerular diseases, it appears as proteinuria, rarely as hematuria
- Bb) is the most common among primary glomerular diseases, it appears as macrohematuria or
microhematuria or as chronic nephritic syndrome, and rarely as nephrotic syndrome, malignant arterial hypertension or rapidly progressing glomerulonephritis - Cc) is one of the main causes of nephrotic syndrome
- Dd) Acute renal failure is common in IgA nephropathy
- Ee) because the clinical picture of IgA nephropathy is quite characteristic, not for diagnosis we need kidney biopsies
87187. IgA nephropathy is subject to:
- A1. is a disease of the elderly that manifests itself as minimal changes in urine
- B2. is a disease that may be associated with other immune and inflammatory diseases, e.g. chroni liver disease
- C3. extremely rarely leads to end-stage renal failure
- D4. never causes nephrotic syndrome
- E5. cannot be repeated on a transplanted kidney because the transplanted kidney is not the patient's
88188. The cause of IgA nephropathy is:
- A1. excessive release of cytokines and consequent tissue damage kidney
- B2. decreased immune response and consequent sclerosis of the glomeruli
- C3. increased production of aberrant IgA1, which acts as an autoantigen and triggers IgG production
- D4. genetic, so all offspring of IgA patients have nephropathy
- E5. non-immune because no deposition is found in renal tissue immune complexes
89
189. IgA nephropathy can be expressed as:- A1. minimal changes in urine
- B2. acute renal failure
- C3. chronic glomerulonephritis
- D4. nephrotic syndrome
- E5. all of the above
90190. A patient with IgA nephropathy with proteinuria> 1 g daily is initially treated with:
- AA. with ACE inhibitors or angiotensins receptor blockers to reduce proteinuria below 1 g daily
- BB. with ACE inhibitors to regulate blood pressure below 150/90 mmHg
- CC. with fish oil
- DD. with cyclosporine A
- EE. by regulating blood pressure below 125/75 mmHg
91191. Immunosuppressive treatment is prescribed for IgA nephropathy:
- AA. if the patient has nephrotic syndrome
- BB. if the patient has chronic nephritic syndrome and despite the regulation of blood pressure <125/75 mmHg and antiproteinuric treatment after 6 months persist proteinuria> 1 g daily
- CC. only if the patient still has a maintained glomerular filtration rate above 90 ml / min / 1.73 m2
- DD. when we cannot regulate blood pressure with medications so that it would be below 125/75 mmHg
- EE. when the patient has rapidly progressing glomerulonephritis
92192. Indicators of poor IgA nephropathy outcome are:
- A1. macrohematuria, male sex, older age, major proteinuria, arterial hypertension
- B2. younger age, minor proteinuria, arterial hypertension
- C3. frequent inflammation of the upper respiratory tract, consequent macrohematuria and proteinuria> 1 g daily
- D4. impaired renal function at disease detection, male gender, older age, increased proteinuria, arterial hypertension
- E5. stable renal function without proteinuria with erythrocyturia, which turns into macrohematuria during colds
93193. IgA nephropathy is characterized by:
- AA. no renal biopsy is required to make a diagnosis
- BB. respiratory infection and macrohematuria occur simultaneously
- C. there are no specific indicators in the blood or urine to prove the disease
- DD. most patients are treated immediately with methylprednisolone
- EE. macrohematuria usually predicts a better prognosis
94194. A common cause of pulmonary-renal syndrome is:
- A1. essential mixed cryoglobulinemia
- B2. renal vein thrombosis with pulmonary embolism
- C3. Henoch-Schöenlein purpura
- D4. hemolytic-uremic syndrome
- E5. Wegener's granulomatosis
95195. Serological diagnosis is most important in:
- A1. chronic glomerulonephritis syndrome
- B2. nephrotic syndrome
- C3. fast-progressing glomerulonephritis syndrome
- D4. chronic glomerulonephritis syndrome
- E5. recurrent macrohematuria
96196. The more common consequence of nephrotic syndrome is:
- A1. anemia due to iron deficiency as a result of loss transferrin
- B2. obstruction of the renal tubules with lipids
- C3. tendency to bleed
- D4. increased risk of coronary death due to accelerated atherosclerosis
- E5. none of the above
97197. What does not fall within the definition of acute nephritic syndrome:
- A1. occurrence of hypertension
- B2. proteinuria up to 3.5 g / day
- C3. increased concentration of serum lipids
- D4. reduction of glomerular filtration
- E5. oligo-anuria
98198. What does not fall within the definition of nephrotic syndrome:
- A1. swelling
- BLipiduria
- C3. hyperlipidemia
- D4. increased blood pressure
- E5. hypoalbuminemia
99199. What does not fall within the definition of chronic nephritic syndrome:
- A1. cylindruria
- B2. microhematuria
- C3. normal blood pressure
- D4. proteinuria <3 g / day
- E5. decreased renal function
100200. In a patient with nephrotic syndrome, everything makes sense except:
- A1. dietary salt restrictions
- B2. increase protein intake with food
- C3. Limiting protein intake with food
- D4. diuretic treatment
- E5. antilipemic treatment
Informações
- Descrição
- Quiz sobre Urinario (2), criado por hola que tal em 13-06-2022.
- Autor
- hola que tal
- Idioma
- Español
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