Quiz
Cardiovascular & Thoracic Surgery - CM (1-30)
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Perguntas do quiz (30)
1A large Patent Ductus Arteriosus leads to:
- AHypervolemia in the pulmonary circuit
- BHypovolemia in the pulmonary circuit
- CHypertension in the pulmonary circuit
- DCorrect answers A and B
- EAll listed
2A large Patent Ductus Arteriosus is most often complicated by:
- ABacterial endocarditis
- BHeart rhythm disorders
- CPulmonary hypertension
- DCirculatory failure
- EHypertension
3From the following, which one serves as indication to close the VSD in a child
under 1 year of age?- AA large left to right shunt
- BPulmonary hypertension
- CFrequent respiratory infections
- DHypotrophy
- EThe child's age
4For the complete form of atrioventricular canal it’s characteristic:
- AAtrium level communication
- BVentricular communication
- CFibrous rings of the atrioventricular valves are formed correctly
- DThe cleavage of the cusps of the tricuspid and mitral valves forms two ventral and dorsal cusps
- ECommon atrioventricular communication
5For isolated valvular stenosis of the pulmonary artery, on angiography is possible to find:
- APoststenotic dilation of the trunk of the pulmonary artery
- BNarrowing of the right ventricular ejection tract during the systole
- CDilatation of the right ventricular ejection tract during diastole
- DRegurgitation of the contrast substance in the right atrium
- ENarrowing of the ascending aorta
6Noncyanogenic congenital heart defects are characterized by:
- ADiffuse cyanosis on physical exertion
- BDifficulty in gaining weight
- CCongestive heart failure and pulmonary overcirculation
- DDifficulty in various physical exercises
- EThe presence of polycythemia
7There are the following types of ventricular septal defects (VSD):
- APerimembranos
- BInfundibular VSD
- CMuscular VSD
- DVSD type ostium secundum
- EAtrioventricular VSD
8Which of the following is characteristic for the atrioventricular canal:
- ASurgical treatment is always necessary.
- BBanding of the pulmonary artery may be required in premature infants or infants <5 kg.
- CSurgical correction is done during childhood to avoid irreversible lung vascular disease.
- DLow mortality in the partial form and high mortality in the complete atrio-ventricular canal.
- EThe patient is not operated on immediately, but stays on the follow up at the family doctor for as long as possible.
9From the following, which sentences are true regarding the methods of treatment of the patent ductus arteriosus:
- ATreatment with Indomethacin, an inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis, may be used in premature infants.
- BMedium-sized PDA requires surgical or catheter closure.
- CThe ligation of the large canal is usually performed.
- DContinuous infusion treatment of Vasoprostan solution
- ESmall CAP does not require treatment, but only dynamic monitoring.
10Isolated stenosis of the pulmonary artery can be located:
- Aat the level of the intrabronchial branches of the pulmonary artery
- Bat the level of the pulmonary artery valve
- Csupravalvular, on the trunk of the pulmonary artery
- Dat the level of the subvalvular RV ejection tract
- Eat the level of the pulmonary artery branch
11Which statements regarding the methods of treatment in pulmonary stenosis are correct:
- AMild pulmonary artery stenosis does not require intervention, but only dynamic follow-up.
- BBalloon percutaneous valvuloplasty - a method of choice in moderate and severe PA stenosis
- CIsthmoplasty
- DPericardial patch correction in case of percutaneous balloon valvuloplasty failure, or associated malformations
- EInfundibulectomy
12Which of the following are paraclinical investigations specific to the assessment of CHD hemodynamics?
- AEchocardiography
- BAngioCT
- CCardiac MRI
- DChest X-ray
- ECardiac catheterization
13Which of the following is specific surgical treatment for supravalvular aortic stenosis?
- AAortoplasty with a patch in the non-coronary sinus
- BInverted Y-spot aortoplasty
- CAortic section, incisions in all 3 sinuses, accordingly adaptation of the distal aorta, and reanastomosis.
- DOperation Ross
- EAortic valve prosthesis with mechanical prosthesis
14What are the pathogenic theories for aortic coarctation?
- ADuctal tissue theory
- BHemodynamic theory
- CTurner syndrome
- DGenetic theory
- EThe theory of incorrect nutrition
15Which clinical signs are specific for aortic coarctation:
- AThe saturation gradient between the upper and lower limbs
- BBlood pressure gradient between upper and lower limbs
- CThe pulse gradient between the upper and lower limbs
- DHypertrophy of the lower torso and lower limbs
- EHypotrophy of the lower torso and lower limbs
16Which of the following are ductal-dependent malformations:
- APulmonary artery atresia
- BInterrupted aortic arch
- CTransposition of great vessels
- DCritical aortic coarctation
- EPresence of fetal circulation - persistence of the patent ductus arteriosus and patent oval foramen.
17Specific for cardiac surgeries is:
- AUse of extracorporeal circulation
- BUse of high doses of heparin
- CSpinal anesthesia
- DIntraoperative patient cooling
- EStopped heart during surgery
18From the following, what are the surgical approaches in cardiac surgery:
- ALongitudinal sternotomy
- BMcBourney incision
- CMini sternotomy
- DLeft thoracotomy
- ERight thoracotomy
19Which from the following represent congenital malformations in the heart of
the intrauterine fetus:- APresence of ventricular septal defect
- BPresence of patent foramen ovale and ductus arteriosus
- CAortic obstruction
- DNon-separation of mitral and tricuspid valves
- EDrainage of the pulmonary veins in the right atrium
20Which of the following are pale congenital heart defects:
- AASD
- BVSD
- CAortic coarctation
- DPulmonary artery atresia
- EPDA
21Which pathologies represent obstructive lesions of the left side of the heart?
- ACongenital mitral stenosis
- BCongenital aortic stenosis
- CAortic coarctation
- DInterruption of the aortic arch
- ECongenital pulmonary artery stenosis
22Which of the following are not absolute contraindications to cardiac surgery for pale CHD:
- AThe presence of Eisenmeiger syndrome
- BPresence of pulmonary hypertension
- CDilation of the heart cavities
- DCardiac arrhythmias
- EEjection fraction between 40% and 50%
23From the following, surgical treatment for aortic coarctation is:
- APercutaneous balloon angioplasty
- BIsthmoplasty
- CCoarctation resection with end-to-end anastomosis
- DCoarctation resection with the interposition of a synthetic graft
- EBalloon percutaneous angioplasty of the pulmonary artery valve
24What do the clinical manifestations in pale CHD depend on?
- ADimensions of the defects
- BDefect location
- CPulmonary vascular resistance
- DAmount of blood flow through the defect
- ESystemic vascular resistance
25What is the indication for surgical treatment of VSD?
- AVSD with no effect on drug treatment and severe, frequent respiratory infections.
- BVSD with moderate or severe PAH
- CVSD of any size, when associated with the risk of aortic or pulmonary valve insufficiency.
- DWide VSD with clinical sign of severe weight loss
- ERestrictive VSD
26From those listed, for the tetralogy of Fallot is characteristic:
- AMovement of the conal interventricular septum forward and to the left
- BHypertrophy of right ventricular structures
- CNarrowing of the right ventricular ejection tract
- DRestrictive DSV
- EAortic dextraposition
27The hemodynamics of the pulmonary circuit in the Fallot tetralogy is not
characterized by:- ANormal lung flow
- BIncreased pulmonary flow
- CHypertensive pulmonary flow
- DPoor lung flow
- EPulmonary flow through collaterals
28Cardiac catheterization in the tetralogy of Fallot presents the following:
- APenetration of the catheter from the right ventricle into the aorta
- BHeavy penetration of the catheter into the pulmonary artery
- CDecreased systolic blood pressure in the pulmonary artery
- DSystolic pressure in the right ventricle is lower than in the left ventricle
- EThe presence of the systolic gradient between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery
29Hypoxic spells in the Fallot Tetralogy is conditioned by:
- ADecreased pulmonary vascular resistance
- BDecreased systemic vascular resistance
- CIncreased pulmonary vascular resistance
- DIncreasing systemic vascular resistance
- ECorrect answers: a, d
30Arterial hypoxemia leads to:
- APronounced hypoxemia and anaerobic glycolysis
- BAccumulation of acid metabolites and metabolic acidosis
- CLipid peroxidation and free radical formation
- DDecreased hemoglobin levels in the blood
- EHyperkalemia
Informações
- Descrição
- 5/6 USMF, MED. 2, 5th Year (Cardiovascular & Thoracic Surgery) Quiz sobre Cardiovascular & Thoracic Surgery - CM (1-30), criado por Sonya B. em 23-09-2026.
- Autor
- Sonya B.
- Idioma
- English
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