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Practice Set (7) - Flow Phenomena / Vascular Imaging / Cardiac Imaging

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Diploma Magnetic Resonance Quiz sobre Practice Set (7) - Flow Phenomena / Vascular Imaging / Cardiac Imaging, criado por Thea Ampofo em 30-01-2016.
Thea Ampofo
Quiz por Thea Ampofo, atualizado more than 1 year ago
Thea Ampofo
Criado por Thea Ampofo mais de 8 anos atrás
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Resumo de Recurso

Questão 1

Questão
Blood flow that has consistent velocities within a vessel is known as what type offlow
Responda
  • Turbulent flow
  • Laminar flow
  • Vortex flow
  • Stagnant flow

Questão 2

Questão
Blood flow that has randomly different velocities is known as what type of flow
Responda
  • Turbulent flow
  • Laminar flow
  • Vortex flow
  • Stagnant flow

Questão 3

Questão
Blood flow that has high velocities in the center of the vessel but spirals near walls of a vessel due to a stricture is known as what type of flow
Responda
  • Turbulent flow
  • Laminar flow
  • Vortex flow
  • Stagnant flow

Questão 4

Questão
Blood flow that slows to a point of immobility is known as what type of flow
Responda
  • Turbulent flow
  • Laminar flow
  • Vortex flow
  • Stagnant flow

Questão 5

Questão
Blood flow velocity is measured in what type of unit
Responda
  • Gauss/sec
  • mm/sec
  • cm/sec
  • inches/sec

Questão 6

Questão
Which of the following is the formula that is used to calculate blood flow velocity
Responda
  • Velocity = Flow volume / Vessel area
  • Velocity = Vessel area / Flow volume
  • Velocity = Flow volume + vessel area
  • Velocity = Vessel area - Flow volume

Questão 7

Questão
Blood flow velocity is greatest near which area of the vessel
Responda
  • Vessel walls
  • Vessel center
  • None of the above

Questão 8

Questão
Blood flow velocity at a given point is dependent upon which factor
Responda
  • Patient sex
  • Phase of patient's cardiac cycle
  • Patient's weight
  • None of the above

Questão 9

Questão
During peak systolic phase of the cardiac cycle, blood flow velocities are dependent upon what factor(s)
Responda
  • Patient age
  • Cardiac output
  • Anatomical site
  • Patient age, Cardiac output & Anatomical site

Questão 10

Questão
Which of the following vessels has the highest peak velocity
Responda
  • Ascending aorta
  • Distal aorta
  • Proximal carotids
  • Basilar artery

Questão 11

Questão
Which of the following vessels has the slowest peak velocity
Responda
  • Ascending aorta
  • Middle cerebral arteries
  • Proximal carotid arteries
  • Venous vessels

Questão 12

Questão
Typical peak velocities of the ascending aorta are usually within what range
Responda
  • 150 - 175 cm/sec
  • 100 - 160 cm/sec
  • 80 - 120 cm/sec
  • 40 - 70 cm/sec

Questão 13

Questão
Typical peak velocities of the distal aorta and iliac vessels are usually within what range
Responda
  • 150 - 175 cm/sec
  • 100 - 160 cm/sec
  • 80 - 120 cm/sec
  • 40 - 70 cm/sec

Questão 14

Questão
Typical peak velocities of the proximal carotid, brachial and superficial femoral arteries are usually within what range
Responda
  • 150 - 175 cm/sec
  • 100 - 160 cm/sec
  • 80 - 120 cm/sec
  • 40 - 70 cm/sec

Questão 15

Questão
Typical peak velocities of the middle and anterior cerebral arteries are usually within what range
Responda
  • 150 - 175 cm/sec
  • 100 - 150 cm/sec
  • 40 - 70 cm/sec
  • 30 - 50 cm/sec

Questão 16

Questão
Typical peak velocities of the vertebral and basilar arteries are usually within what range
Responda
  • 80 - 120 cm/sec
  • 50-70 cm/sec
  • 30-50 cm/sec
  • under 20 cm/sec

Questão 17

Questão
The speed at which blood flows through an excited slice and only receives one RF pulse is known as what type of phenomenon
Responda
  • Time of flight phenomenon
  • Entry slice phenomenon
  • Intra-voxel dephasing
  • None of the above

Questão 18

Questão
To produce signal in a spin echo pulse sequence, blood flow must receive both the 90 degree and the 180 degree RF pulse.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 19

Questão
Blood flow that receives a 90 degree excitation pulse but not a 180 degree rephasing pulse produces what type of signal
Responda
  • High signal
  • Low signal
  • No signal

Questão 20

Questão
Blood flow that receives a 180 degree rephasing pulse but not a 90 degree excitation pulse produces what type of signal
Responda
  • High signal
  • Low signal
  • No signal

Questão 21

Questão
The magnitude of time of flight phenomenon effects is dependent upon which factor(s)
Responda
  • Velocity of flow
  • TE
  • Slice thickness
  • All of the above

Questão 22

Questão
As blood flow velocity increases, the effects of time of flight phenomenon
Responda
  • Increase
  • Decrease
  • Stays the same

Questão 23

Questão
As blood flow velocity decreases, the effects of time of flight phenomenon
Responda
  • Increases
  • Decreases
  • Stays the same

Questão 24

Questão
As the echo time increases, the effects of time of flight phenomenon
Responda
  • Increase
  • Decrease
  • Stay the same

Questão 25

Questão
As echo time decreases, the effects of time offlight phenomenon
Responda
  • Increases
  • Decreases
  • Stays the same

Questão 26

Questão
As slice thickness increases, the effects of time of flight phenomenon
Responda
  • Increase
  • Decrease
  • Stay the same

Questão 27

Questão
As slice thickness decreases, the effects of time of flight phenomenon
Responda
  • Increase
  • Decrease
  • Stay the same

Questão 28

Questão
In a gradient echo pulse sequence, blood flow that receives the initial RF pulse produces what type of signal
Responda
  • High
  • Low
  • No signal

Questão 29

Questão
The flow phenomenon that is characterized by the contrast differences between fresh flowing nuclei entering a slice and stationary tissue within that slice is known as
Responda
  • Time of flight phenomenon
  • Entry slice phenomenon
  • Intra-voxel dephasing
  • None of the above

Questão 30

Questão
Entry slice phenomenon is most prominent in what slice of the area scanned
Responda
  • First slice
  • Middle slice
  • Last slice
  • Affects all the same

Questão 31

Questão
The effects of entry slice phenomenon are dependent upon which factor(s)
Responda
  • Repetition time
  • Slice thickness
  • Velocity of flow
  • All of the above

Questão 32

Questão
When TR is decreased, the effects of entry slice phenomenon
Responda
  • Increase
  • Decrease
  • Stay the same

Questão 33

Questão
When TR is increased, the effects of entry slice phenomenon
Responda
  • Increase
  • Decrease
  • Stay the same

Questão 34

Questão
When slice thickness is increased, the effects of entry slice phenomenon
Responda
  • Increase
  • Decrease
  • Stay the same

Questão 35

Questão
When slice thickness is decreased, the effects of entry slice phenomenon
Responda
  • Increase
  • Decrease
  • Stay the same

Questão 36

Questão
When the velocity of flow increases, the effects of entry slice phenomenon
Responda
  • Increase
  • Decrease
  • Stay the same

Questão 37

Questão
When the velocity of flow decreases, the effects of entry slice phenomenon
Responda
  • Increase
  • Decrease
  • Stay the same

Questão 38

Questão
The direction of blood flow is an important factor in determining the effects of entry slice phenomenon
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 39

Questão
Blood flow that travels in the same direction in which the slices are acquired is known as what type of flow
Responda
  • Counter current flow
  • Vortex flow
  • Stagnant flow
  • Co-current flow

Questão 40

Questão
Blood flow that travels in the opposite direction in which the slices are acquired is known as what type of flow
Responda
  • Counter current flow
  • Vortex flow
  • Stagnant flow
  • Co-current flow

Questão 41

Questão
When the direction of blood flow is opposite the direction in which slices are acquired, the effects of entry slice phenomenon
Responda
  • Increase
  • Decrease
  • Stay the same

Questão 42

Questão
When the direction of blood flow is the same as the direction in which slices are acquired, the effects of entry slice phenomenon
Responda
  • Increase
  • Decrease
  • Stay the same

Questão 43

Questão
The flow phenomenon that is characterized by phase differences between flowing and stationary nuclei within a voxel is known as
Responda
  • Time of flight phenomenon
  • Entry slice phenomenon
  • Intra-voxel dephasing
  • None of the above

Questão 44

Questão
The magnitude of intra-voxel dephasing is dependent upon which factor(s)
Responda
  • Degree of disruption in the flow
  • Echo time
  • Repetition time
  • None of the above

Questão 45

Questão
In which of the following types of flow can intra-voxel dephasing be compensated for
Responda
  • Turbulent flow
  • Vortex flow
  • Stagnant flow
  • Laminar flow

Questão 46

Questão
The use of an additional gradient to correct the effects of intra-voxel dephasing is a technique known as
Responda
  • Gradient moment rephasing
  • Intra-voxel misregistration
  • Gradient moment nulling
  • Gradient moment rephasing & Gradient moment nulling

Questão 47

Questão
Gradient moment nulling is most effective on which type of flow
Responda
  • Slow turbulent flow
  • Fast laminar flow
  • Slow laminar flow
  • Fast vortex flow

Questão 48

Questão
The effects of time of flight and entry slice phenomena can be minimized by which method
Responda
  • Gradient moment nulling
  • Pre-saturation RF pulse
  • Respiratory compensation
  • None of the above

Questão 49

Questão
The method of acquiring more than one echo that are multiples of each other to reduce intra-voxel dephasing is known as
Responda
  • Gradient moment nulling
  • Pre-saturation RF pulse
  • Even echo rephasing
  • None of the above

Questão 50

Questão
Which of the following conventional MRI techniques can be used to produce contrast differences between vascular structures and stationary structures
Responda
  • Gradient moment nulling
  • Respiratory compensation
  • Pre-saturation pulse
  • Gradient moment nulling & Pre-saturation pulse

Questão 51

Questão
Which of the following is the conventional technique used to produce a black appearance in vascular structures
Responda
  • Short TE, Short TR, Pre-saturation pulse
  • Long TE, Short TR, Gradient moment nulling
  • Long TE, Long TR, Respiratory compensation
  • None of the above

Questão 52

Questão
Which of the following is the conventional technique used to produce a bright appearance in vascular structures
Responda
  • Pre-saturation pulse
  • Respiratory compensation
  • Gradient moment nulling
  • None of the above

Questão 53

Questão
The vascular imaging method that maximizes vascular contrast while also suppressing stationary tissue is known as
Responda
  • Magnetic resonance mammography
  • Magnetic resonance angiography
  • Black Blood imaging
  • Zeugmatography

Questão 54

Questão
Which of the following is a method used inMRAto suppress stationary tissue
Responda
  • Tissue subtraction
  • Tissue saturation
  • Gradientmomentnulling
  • Tissue subtraction & Tissue saturation

Questão 55

Questão
Which of the following is a method used in MRA to increase signal from vascular structures
Responda
  • Gradient moment nulling
  • Subtraction
  • Bipolar gradient
  • Gradient moment nulling & Bipolar gradient

Questão 56

Questão
The type of MRA that uses gradient echo pulse sequences and gradient moment nulling to enhance flow is known as
Responda
  • Digital subtraction
  • TOFMRA
  • PCMRA
  • Velocity encoding

Questão 57

Questão
In TOF MRA, which method is used to suppress signal from stationary tissue?
Responda
  • Saturation
  • Subtraction
  • Gradient moment nulling
  • None of the above

Questão 58

Questão
TOF MRA is most sensitive to blood flow that flows in what direction in relation to the slice
Responda
  • Parallel
  • Perpendicular

Questão 59

Questão
Which of the following is a disadvantage of TOF MRA
Responda
  • Parallel flow can be suppressed
  • Slow flow can be suppressed
  • Stationary tissue with short Tl relaxation times can produce signal
  • All of the above

Questão 60

Questão
Which of the following is an advantage of TOF MRA
Responda
  • Relatively short scan times
  • Increased sensitivity to flow
  • Decreased sensitivity to intra-voxel dephasing
  • All of the above

Questão 61

Questão
Which of the following TOF MRA sequences is most likely to saturate slow flow
Responda
  • 3DTOF
  • 2DTOF

Questão 62

Questão
The type of MRA that produces image contrast based on the differences in phase shifts between blood flow and stationary tissue is known as
Responda
  • TOFMRA
  • Velocity encoding
  • PCMRA
  • None ofthe above

Questão 63

Questão
Which of the following type of MRA uses a bipolar gradient to enhance vascular structures
Responda
  • TOFMRA
  • Bright blood imaging
  • Phase contrast MRA
  • Black Blood imaging

Questão 64

Questão
Which of the following is a type of image that is produced by phase contrast MRA?
Responda
  • Magnitude image
  • Frequency image
  • Phase image
  • Magnitude image & Phase image

Questão 65

Questão
Which of the following is an advantage of phase contrast MRA
Responda
  • Increased stationary tissue suppression
  • Sensitive to flow in all directions
  • Sensitive to flow with various velocities
  • All of the above

Questão 66

Questão
Which of the following is a disadvantage of phase contrast MRA
Responda
  • Long scan times
  • Reduced intra-voxel dephasing
  • Increased sensitivity to turbulence
  • Long scan times & Increased sensitivity to turbulence

Questão 67

Questão
Which of the following PC MRA techniques provides the highest signal to noise ratio and spacial resolution
Responda
  • 2DPCMRA
  • 3DPCMRA

Questão 68

Questão
The method that is most commonly used to reduce artifact produced by cardiac motion when scanning the chest is known as
Responda
  • Respiratory gating
  • Respiratory compensation
  • Cardiac gating
  • None of the above

Questão 69

Questão
Two types of cardiac gating that are most commonly used are known as
Responda
  • Respiratory gating, Respiratory compensation
  • ECG gating, Peripheral gating
  • Pseudo gating, Respiratory gating
  • None of the above

Questão 70

Questão
The P wave of the ECG represents which phase of the cardiac cycle
Responda
  • Atrial systole
  • Ventricular systole
  • Ventricular diastole
  • Atrial diastole

Questão 71

Questão
The QRS wave of the ECG represents which phase of the cardiac cycle?
Responda
  • Atrial systole
  • Ventricular systole
  • Ventricular diastole
  • Atrial diastole

Questão 72

Questão
The T wave of the ECG represents which phase of the cardiac cycle
Responda
  • Atrial systole
  • Ventricular systole
  • Ventricular diastole
  • Atrial diastole

Questão 73

Questão
During cardiac gating, which wave is used to trigger each pulse sequence
Responda
  • P wave
  • Q wave
  • R wave
  • T wave

Questão 74

Questão
During cardiac gating, the time between two consecutive R waves is known as
Responda
  • Trigger window
  • Trigger delay
  • R-R interval
  • None of the above

Questão 75

Questão
The ECG wave with the highest electrical amplitude is known as the
Responda
  • R wave
  • Q wave
  • T wave
  • P wave

Questão 76

Questão
During cardiac gating, TR is dependent upon which factor(s)
Responda
  • The patient's heart rate
  • The R- R interval
  • The Q - R interval
  • The patient's heart rate & The R- R interval

Questão 77

Questão
During cardiac gating, which factors are affected by having an effective TR
Responda
  • Image weighting
  • Number of slices
  • Scan time
  • All of the above

Questão 78

Questão
During cardiac gating, the waiting time between the R wave and the start of the data acquisition is known as
Responda
  • Repetition time
  • Inversion time
  • Trigger delay
  • Echo delay

Questão 79

Questão
During cardiac gating, the waiting time before each R wave is known as
Responda
  • Repetition time
  • Inversion time
  • Trigger delay
  • Trigger window

Questão 80

Questão
During cardiac gating, which of the following is the formula used to calculate available imaging time
Responda
  • F=yBo
  • Time = R-R interval- (trigger window + trigger delay)
  • Time R-R interval + (trigger window + trigger delay)
  • None of the above

Questão 81

Questão
The type of cardiac gating that detects the increase in blood volume in the capillary bed during systole is known as
Responda
  • ECG gating
  • Pseudo gating
  • Peripheral gating
  • None of the above

Questão 82

Questão
During cardiac gating, one R-R interval and a short TE is used to produce what type of image
Responda
  • T1 weighting
  • T2 weighting
  • Proton density weighting
  • None of the above

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