Introduction to T-test

1. 1What are we looking for?

   1. ARelationships
   2. BDifferences
2. 2What sort of data do you have?

   1. AInterval
   2. BRatio
   3. Cordinal
   4. Dnominal
   5. E1
   6. F1 and 2
   7. G1, 2 and 3
3. 3What am I doing?

   1. ARepeated measures
   2. BIndependent measures
4. 4There are different types of t-tests. One with [blank_start]unrelated[blank_end]/independent/[blank_start]between[blank_end] groups. For examples, 'Is there a difference between male and female scores on a numerical ability test? '
   
   Another includes [blank_start]Related[blank_end]/dependent/paired samples/ [blank_start]within[blank_end] groups/ repeated measures. For example 'Does Recall improve after attending Hypnotic Memory Training with Paul McKenna

   1. Aunrelated
   2. Bbetween
   3. CRelated
   4. Dwithin
5. 5There could be two probabilities with the data. There is one possibility that any difference is result of sampling variability ( i.e. null hypothesis is true and two sets of scores come from the same population). Or it may be that our difference reflects a real difference between the underlying populations. If we assume that the null hypothesis is true , if we were to take many samples from the two populations each would have a mean. If we plot the distribution formed by all the difference means we would obtain something called the sampling distribution of the difference between the means.

   1. AVerdadeiro
   2. BFalso
6. 6t-tests basically relate the difference between OUR means to the sampling distribution

   1. AVerdadeiro
   2. BFalso
7. 7The associated probability estimate tells us whether or not our difference mean falls within the most extreme 5% of the difference means to be expected

   1. AVerdadeiro
   2. BFalso
8. 8spss generated a t-statistic which basically tells us how many standard deviations our difference is from zero in the middle of the theoretical distribution

   1. AVerdadeiro
   2. BFalso
9. 9spss generate a p-value for us however, as always, in order to reject the null hypothesis this value needs to be less than 0.05

   1. AVerdadeiro
   2. BFalso
10. 10A one sample t-test [blank_start]compares[blank_end] your sample with a known given population. When we know the [blank_start]mean[blank_end] of the population. For example, Are 1st year psychology students more intelligent than the norm?

    1. Acompares
    2. Bmean

11. 11To report a one sample T-test in APA format you need to know the df, t value and p value.
    
    t([blank_start]df[blank_end]) = [blank_start]t-value[blank_end], p= p-value

    1. Adf
    2. Bt-value
12. 12When is it appropriate to use a one sample t-test?

    1. AWhen you want to compare the frequency of male to female smokers
    2. BWhen you want to compare a group mean (e.g. mean IQ of PhD students) to a population mean (average IQ of the general population - 100) and data are normally distributed
    3. CWhen you want to compare a group median (population density of australian hunter gatherers) to a population median (population density of hunter gathers) that is not normally distributed
    4. DWhen you want to compare mean memory scores before and after memory training
    5. EWhen you want to compare the emotion recognition scores of people with ASD to typically developing individuals and the data are normally distributed
13. 13The SPSS output below shows the results of a Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and a one sample t-test comparing the mean IQ of PhD students to the mean IQ found in the general population.
    
    Based on the SPSS output, select all the statements below that are TRUE

    

    1. AThe IQ data for the PhD students is normally distributed
    2. BThe IQ data for the PhD students is not normally distributed
    3. CThe IQ data for the PhD students meets parametric assumptions necessary to carry out a one sample t-test
    4. DThe IQ data for the PhD students needs to be transformed
    5. EA non-parametric equivalent test needs to be carried out on the data
    6. F3 and 4
    7. G1 and 3
14. 14Referring to the SPSS output shown above (PhD student IQ), what is the correct way to report the results of the one sample t-test?
    

    1. At(57)=13.99, p<0.001
    2. Bt(56)=16.2, p<0.001
    3. Ct(13.99)=130.02, p<0.001
15. 15Referring to the same SPSS output below, what can we infer from the results of the one sample t-test?

    

    1. AThe PhD students' IQ data is not normally distributed, thus we cannot infer anything from the one sample t-test
    2. BThe mean IQ of PhD students is significantly higher than the mean IQ of the general population
    3. CThere is no significant difference between the mean IQ of PhD students and the mean IQ of the general population
16. 16A one sample t-test . . .
    

    1. ACompares the means of two independant groups
    2. BCompares the mean from a sample to a known population mean
    3. CCompares the median of two related grou
17. 17In order to carry out a one sample t-test

    1. AThe results of the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test must not be significant
    2. BThe data must be measured on the interval or ratio level
    3. CThere must be one sample of data and a known population mean to compare to the sample mean
    4. DAll of the above
18. 18Below is an SPSS output showing the results of a Kolmogorov Smirnov test on a sample of IQ scores.
    
    Referring to the SPSS output, select which statements are correct

    

    1. AResults of the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test are significant
    2. BThe sample of IQ scores are not normally distributed
    3. CResults of the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test indicate that the sample of IQ scores needs to be transformed before a one sample t-test can be carried out
    4. DAll of the above
19. 19What is the correct way to report the results of this one sample t-test?
    

    1. At(56)=1.89, p=.35
    2. Bt(56)=1.4, p=.168
    3. Ct(8.35)=57, p=.168

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MY DEGREE Quiz sobre Introduction to T-test, criado por Toyin Oshodi em 06-03-2017.

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Toyin Oshodi

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