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Final Exam for Bio 208

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Quiz sobre Final Exam for Bio 208, criado por Sarah Wainer em 02-05-2014.
Sarah Wainer
Quiz por Sarah Wainer, atualizado more than 1 year ago
Sarah Wainer
Criado por Sarah Wainer aproximadamente 10 anos atrás
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Resumo de Recurso

Questão 1

Questão
How do lipid-soluble molecules (like steriods) generally move thru cell membranes?
Responda
  • Active transport
  • Co-transport with other lipids
  • Facilitated transport
  • Diffusion
  • None of the above (cannot do that)

Questão 2

Questão
Placing a cell in _____ is most likely to cause a decrease in cell volume?
Responda
  • a hypotonic bathing solution
  • a hypertonic bathing solution
  • acidic rain water
  • distilled water
  • alkaline (or basic) rain water

Questão 3

Questão
The dominant fiber type in dene connective tissue
Responda
  • epithelin
  • fibrin
  • collagen
  • fribrillin
  • elastin

Questão 4

Questão
The alveoli of the lungs are made of
Responda
  • stratified squamous ephithelia
  • columnar epithelia
  • transitional epithelia
  • simple squamous epithelia
  • transitional epithelia

Questão 5

Questão
Epithelium is connected to underlying connective tissue by
Responda
  • a basement membrane
  • junctional complexes
  • intercellular glue
  • a fibrous netting
  • reticular fibers

Questão 6

Questão
All of the following are functions of epithelial tissues EXCEPT
Responda
  • Providing sensation
  • Controlling permeability
  • Producing specialized secretions
  • Providing physical protection
  • Providing connectivity between organs

Questão 7

Questão
The inter-cellular connection involving interlocking membrane proteins are
Responda
  • Tight junctions
  • Gap junctions
  • Desmosomes
  • Synaptisomes
  • Basement proteins

Questão 8

Questão
Mammary glands are most closely associated with ____ secretion
Responda
  • Holocrine
  • Apocrine
  • Merocrine
  • Endocrine
  • Acini Tubules

Questão 9

Questão
Adipocytes is most closely associated with
Responda
  • Endocrine cells
  • Exocrine cells
  • Fat cells
  • Cells of the immune system
  • Stem cells

Questão 10

Questão
When a fair-skinned person blushes, why does his or her skin turn red?
Responda
  • The blood supply to the skin decreases
  • The blood supply to the skin increases
  • The number of red melanocytes in the skin increases
  • Melanocytes increase the production of red pigments
  • Increased heat causes the skin to turn red

Questão 11

Questão
The reproducing cells of the skin are located in the
Responda
  • Surface
  • Stratum corneum
  • Stratum lucidum
  • Stratum spinosum
  • Stratum germinativum

Questão 12

Questão
An epidermal layer found only on the skin of the palms of the hands and the soles of the feet is the
Responda
  • Stratum spinosum
  • Stratum granulosum
  • Stratum germinativum
  • Stratum corneum
  • Stratum lucidum

Questão 13

Questão
According to your instructor, deadly melanoma is associated with _____
Responda
  • Artificial sweeteners
  • Artificial food coloring
  • Chronic stress
  • Tanning booths
  • Improper diet

Questão 14

Questão
What are the layers associated with the Dermis?
Responda
  • Papillary and subcutaneous
  • Subcutaneous and reticular
  • Papillary and reticular
  • Reticular and accessory
  • Accessory and subcutaneous

Questão 15

Questão
Which Epithelial Tissue (E.T.) type is most closely associated with the epidermis?
Responda
  • Stratified squamous
  • Simple squamous
  • Simple cubical
  • Simple columnar
  • It is connective tissue, not E.T.

Questão 16

Questão
Which three functional components underlie how responses to stimuli work?
Responda
  • Receptor, effector, motor
  • Motor, control center, feedback
  • Effector, control center, receptor
  • Feedback, effector, receptor
  • Control center, motor, feedback

Questão 17

Questão
From the choices below, identify the smallest functional unit considered "alive"
Responda
  • An animal
  • A cell
  • A membrane
  • An ion channel
  • an enzyme

Questão 18

Questão
Each of the following are cell types in connective tissue EXCEPT:
Responda
  • Muscle Cells
  • Mast Cells
  • Mesenchymal Cells
  • Microphages
  • Melanocytes

Questão 19

Questão
Two equal volumes (L and R) of water are separated by a screen with 1mm sized pores. A little sugar is added only to Side L. What would you see the next day?
Responda
  • Side L would have more sugar AND less water than side R
  • Side R would have more sugar AND less water than side L
  • Side L would have less sugar AND less water than side R
  • Both sides would have the same amount of sugar AND water
  • Both side would have the same amount of water, but Side L more sugar

Questão 20

Questão
If a substance has a pH that is less than 7, it is
Responda
  • Acidic
  • Basic
  • Alkaline
  • Buffered
  • Both B and C are correct

Questão 21

Questão
Which description below best describes all homeostatic processes?
Responda
  • Baseline values do not deviate over time
  • Negative feedback is essential
  • Positive feedback is essential
  • Baseline values are uncontrolled
  • Homeostasis is not auto regulated

Questão 22

Questão
Support, protection of soft tissues, mineral storage, and blood formation are functions of which system?
Responda
  • Skeletal
  • Connective tissue
  • Integumentary
  • Epithelial tissue
  • None of the above

Questão 23

Questão
The increasingly forceful labor contractions that lead to childbirth exemplify
Responda
  • Receptor activation
  • Effector shutdown
  • Positive feedback
  • Negative feedback
  • None of these

Questão 24

Questão
When body temperature falls, a center in the brain initiates physiological changes to increase body temperature. This regulation mechanism is an example of
Responda
  • Positive feedback
  • Negative feedback
  • Non-homeostatic regulation
  • Diagnostic regulation
  • Disease

Questão 25

Questão
Your instructor presented the idea that all physiology is finally (ultimately, at its most basic and rock bottom level) reducible to:
Responda
  • Histology
  • Cytology
  • Microbiology
  • Biochemistry
  • Physics

Questão 26

Questão
An unstable isotope that emits subatomic particles spontaneously is called
Responda
  • A cation or anion
  • An X-ray
  • A gamma ray
  • A radioisotope
  • A death ray

Questão 27

Questão
The most common fat found in the body is in the form of
Responda
  • Steroids
  • Adenosine monophosphate
  • Adenosine triphosphate
  • Monoglycerides
  • Trigylcerides

Questão 28

Questão
A polysaccharide that is formed in the liver and muscle to store glucose is
Responda
  • Glycose
  • Glucagon
  • Glycogen
  • Glycocalyx
  • Starch

Questão 29

Questão
Glycolysis and Glucogenolysis are prime and classic examples of
Responda
  • Anabolism
  • Buffering process
  • Catabolism
  • Dynamic equilibria
  • Exchange reactions

Questão 30

Questão
What pathology is caused by a failure to convert phenylalanine to tyrosine
Responda
  • Albinism
  • PKU
  • Marfan's syndrome
  • Galactosemia
  • Psoriasis

Questão 31

Questão
If the amount of sodium ion in blood plasma decreases
Responda
  • The blood colloidal pressure will increase
  • The blood colloidal pressure will decrease
  • The blood osmotic pressure will stay the same
  • The blood osmotic pressure will decrease
  • The blood osmotic pressure will increase

Questão 32

Questão
Facilitated diffusion differs from ordinary diffusion in that facilitated diffusion
Responda
  • Limits the rate of molecular movement by limiting the number of available carrier molecules
  • Moves molecules from area of higher concentration to lower concentration
  • never eliminates the concentration gradient
  • Does not limit the rate of molecular movement by the number of available carrier molecules
  • Expends no ATP

Questão 33

Questão
Which suborganelle is most associated with protein synthesis in a cell?
Responda
  • Ribosomes
  • SER (A type of endoplasmic reticulum)
  • Lysosomes
  • Golgi Apparatus

Questão 34

Questão
During relaxation, muscles return to their original length NOT because of
Responda
  • Renshaw inhibition
  • Elastic forces
  • The pull of gravity
  • The contraction of opposing muscles
  • The elastic nature of the sarcolemma

Questão 35

Questão
At rest, active sites on the actin are blocked by
Responda
  • Myosin molecules
  • Calcium ions
  • ATP molecules
  • Troponin molecules
  • Tropomyosin molecules

Questão 36

Questão
Tropomyosin wraps (entwines) itself around which other muscle element?
Responda
  • Myosin
  • F-actin
  • Troponin
  • Titin
  • H-band

Questão 37

Questão
The 'power stroke' in skeletal muscle contraction is directly associated with:
Responda
  • Myosin head pivots at joint pulling action
  • AP movement down t-tubule
  • Calcium release from SR
  • AP movement along sarcolemma
  • Calcium binding to troponin

Questão 38

Questão
We can distinguish between sensations originating in different body areas because
Responda
  • Receptors from each body region synapse in specific brain regions
  • Sensory neurons carry only one type of information
  • Incoming sensory information is first assessed by the thalamus
  • Different types of sensory receptors produce different types of APs
  • Sensory neurons in different parts of the body are different from each other.

Questão 39

Questão
Diffusion across the Arachnoid Granulations return excess CSF to
Responda
  • The third ventricle
  • Arterial circulation
  • Venous circulation
  • The fourth ventricle
  • The central canal

Questão 40

Questão
Soon after a person dies (and loses all ATPs), Their skeletal muscles:
Responda
  • Flex with significant force
  • Stiffen from actin+myosin binding
  • Extend with significant force
  • Get smaller in volume
  • Get larger in volume

Questão 41

Questão
Each of the following are characteristics of smooth muscles EXCEPT:
Responda
  • Have small diameters and lengths compared with skeletal muscles
  • Have actin and myosin
  • Have autorhythmicity
  • Have striations
  • Little fatigue with prolong contraction

Questão 42

Questão
Which of the following is responsible for reciprocal inhibition?
Responda
  • Sensory neurons
  • Interneurons in the spinal cord
  • Extensor neurons
  • Motor neurons
  • None of these

Questão 43

Questão
Arrange the following steps involved in a reflex arc into proper sequence a. activation of a sensory neuron b. activation of a motor neuron c. response by an effector d. arrival of a stimulus and activation of a receptor e. information processing
Responda
  • D,E,A,B,C
  • A,B,C,E,D
  • D,A,B,C,E
  • E,B,C,D,A

Questão 44

Questão
People perceive different intensities of light when their brains receive different ___
Responda
  • Action potentials sned to various regions of their brain
  • Shapes of action potentials
  • Sizes of action potentials
  • Wavelengths of light
  • Rate of action potentials

Questão 45

Questão
Part of the brain most closely associated with emotions (e.g. pleasure, hunger) is:
Responda
  • Cerebrum
  • Thalamus
  • Hypothalamus
  • Cerebellum
  • Medulla oblongata

Questão 46

Questão
The cell bodies of the sympathetic preganglionic neurons are in the:
Responda
  • Lateral gray horns of T1 through L2 region of the spinal cord
  • Brain stem and sacral areas of the spinal cord
  • Lateral gray horns of the cervical region of the spinal cord
  • Anterior gray horns of the entire spinal cord
  • Lateral gray horns of the entire spinal cord

Questão 47

Questão
Activity of the parasympathetic ANS mainly
Responda
  • Is directed towards different sets of organs than the sympathetic ANS
  • Is involved in "fight or flight" responses
  • Increases when someone turns into the "hulk"
  • Increase blood flow to the skeletal muscles
  • Increases while calmly digesting dinner

Questão 48

Questão
The cell bodies of the parasympathetic preganglionic neurons are found in the:
Responda
  • Lateral gray horns of T1 through L2 region of the spinal cord
  • Brain stem and lateral gray horns of the sacral areas of the spinal cord
  • Lateral gray horns of the cervical region of the spinal cord
  • Anterior gray horns of the entire spinal cord
  • Lateral gray horns of the entire spinal cord

Questão 49

Questão
Of the 31 pairs of spinal nerves, each one monitors a particular ____
Responda
  • Dermatome
  • Muscle
  • Organ
  • Brain region
  • Sensory modality (Like vision or hearing)

Questão 50

Questão
Large, multinucleated cells that can dissolve the bony matrix are termed
Responda
  • Osteocytes
  • Osteoclasts
  • Osteoblasts
  • Stem Cells
  • Chondrocytes

Questão 51

Questão
Appositional growth in bones is most closely related to growth in:
Responda
  • Bone length
  • Osteoclasts
  • Epiphyseal conversion
  • Bone diameter
  • Bone turnover

Questão 52

Questão
____ decreases the concentration of calcium in the blood
Responda
  • Calcitonin
  • Calcitrol
  • Parathyroid hormone
  • Vitamin D
  • Both B and D are correct

Questão 53

Questão
The "shaft" of a long bone is most closely associated with the
Responda
  • Epiphysis
  • Diaphysis
  • Periosteum
  • Endochondrial
  • Appositional

Questão 54

Questão
Arrange the steps in the generation of an action potential into proper sequence a. sodium channels inactivated b. potassium channels open and potassium moves out of the cell c. sodium channels regain their normal properties d. graded depolarization brings area of excitable membrane to threshold e. a temporary hyperpolarization occurs f. sodium channel activation occurs g. sodium ions enter the cell and depolarization occurs
Responda
  • d,f,g,a,b,c,e
  • a,b,e,c,d,f,g
  • b,d,e,f,g,a,c
  • d,a,g,e,f,b,c
  • d,e,a,c,b,f,g

Questão 55

Questão
During saltatory conduction, (APs=Action potentials)
Responda
  • APs move in all directions along an axon
  • Local currents depolarize adjacent areas of membrane so that APs continue to form along the membrane
  • APs produce a local current that is strong enough to spread along the length of the axon
  • Local potentials produce a continuous outward flow of potassium ions
  • APs occur between successive nodes along the length of stimulated axon

Questão 56

Questão
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is associated with a loss of myelin. MS may then involve:
Responda
  • Oligodendrocytes
  • Astrocytes
  • Microglia
  • Ependymal
  • Renshaw neurons

Questão 57

Questão
The later part of the rising (depolarizing) phase of the action potential is mediated by a(n) ____ ion membrane channel
Responda
  • Ligand-gated
  • Voltage-gated
  • Leak
  • Active pump
  • Facilitated diffusion

Questão 58

Questão
Which of the following is TRUE of a graded potential?
Responda
  • The potential is propagated with a constant magnitude
  • The potential is all-or-none
  • Stimulus causes ion channels to open changing membrane permeability
  • No summation of potentials occurs
  • The potential has a refractory period

Questão 59

Questão
Opening of Na+ channels in the membrane of a neuron normally results in
Responda
  • Hyperpolarization
  • Repolarization
  • Depolarization
  • Increased negative charge inside neuron
  • None of these

Questão 60

Questão
A resting (trans)membrane potential of a cell has a value of approximately
Responda
  • -9V
  • +9V
  • 0mV
  • +70mV
  • -70mV

Questão 61

Questão
What prevents the action potential from traveling in both directions down an axon?
Responda
  • The resting potential
  • Ligand-gated channels
  • Graded potentials
  • The refractory period
  • Leak channels

Questão 62

Questão
A person whose genetic makeup or training makes them a better SPRINTER than a marathon runner has ___ in their leg muscles
Responda
  • More red muscle fibers
  • More white muscles fibers
  • More noncontractile fibers
  • Equal amounts of red and white m. fibers
  • Less myoglobin than hemoglobin

Questão 63

Questão
The smooth but steady increase in muscle tension (sub maximally) produced by increasing the number of active motor units is called:
Responda
  • Recruitment
  • Tetany
  • A twitch
  • Relaxation
  • Recovery

Questão 64

Questão
____ is involved in BOTH synaptic transmission and excitation-contraction coupling?
Responda
  • Mysoin
  • Chloride
  • Calcium
  • Tropomyosin
  • T-tubules

Questão 65

Questão
Which striated muscle band is directly adjacent to the Z-line (or Z-disk)?
Responda
  • A-band
  • H-band
  • T-band
  • M-band
  • I-band

Questão 66

Questão
Overseeing the postural muscles of the body and making rapid adjustments to maintain balance and equilibrium are functions of the
Responda
  • Cerebrum
  • Midbrain
  • Pons
  • Cerebellum
  • Medulla

Questão 67

Questão
Cardiac output is equal to:
Responda
  • difference between diastolic volume and systolic volume
  • product of heart rate and stroke volume
  • difference between stroke volume and rest and during exercise
  • stroke volume minus systolic volume
  • product of heart rate and BP

Questão 68

Questão
According to Frank Starling's heart law, cardiac output is directly related to
Responda
  • the size of the ventricle
  • heart rate
  • venous return
  • thickness of myocardium
  • amount of blood in circulatory system

Questão 69

Questão
Red blood cell production is regulated primarily by the hormone
Responda
  • Thymosin
  • Angiotensin
  • Erythropoietin (EPO)
  • ACTH
  • LH

Questão 70

Questão
The part of the cardiac cycle associated with relaxation of the ventricles and filling of the atria is:
Responda
  • ventricular diastole
  • Ventricular systole
  • early ventricular diastole
  • late ventricular diastole
  • atrium systole

Questão 71

Questão
An example of a hormone that functions as a vasoconstritor is:
Responda
  • histamine
  • prostoglandin
  • bradykinin
  • serotonin
  • adrenaline

Questão 72

Questão
Which change will NOT result in increased blood flow to a tissue?
Responda
  • increased blood volume
  • decreased vessel diameter
  • increased blood pressure
  • decreased peripheral resistance
  • relaxation of precapillary sphincters

Questão 73

Questão
Which of the responses below is NOT true of Kwashiorkor Edema?
Responda
  • involves a blockage of lymphatic ducts
  • involves a lowering or plasma protein
  • involves an increase of interstitial volume
  • involves poor nutrition
  • involves alterations in osmotic pressure

Questão 74

Questão
Excess secretion of growth hormone AFTER puberty will cause
Responda
  • dwarfism
  • cancer
  • gigantism
  • acromegaly
  • diabetes

Questão 75

Questão
STEROIDS ARE KNOWN TO BE RELEASE INTO THE BLOODSTREAM FROM THE
Responda
  • hypothalamus
  • anterior pituitary
  • posterior pituitary
  • pancreas
  • adrenal cortex

Questão 76

Questão
The hormone that is antagonist of calcitonin is
Responda
  • insulin
  • glucagon
  • growth hormone
  • parathyroid hormone
  • Thyroxin (T4)

Questão 77

Questão
Excessive immune responses to antigens are
Responda
  • immunodeficiency disease
  • characteristic of AIDS
  • common in the elderly
  • characteristics of HIV infection
  • allergies

Questão 78

Questão
Histamine increases blood flow and vascular permeability. This would account for which of the following changes that occur during inflammation?
Responda
  • redness of the inflamed tissue
  • swelling of the inflamed tissue
  • heat of the inflamed tissue
  • the localization of proteins and cells necessary for body defense
  • all of the above

Questão 79

Questão
Blood osmotic pressure is most affected by changes in the
Responda
  • concentration of plasmas sodium ions
  • concentration of plasma waste glucose
  • concentration of plasma waste products
  • concentration of plasma proteins
  • number of white blood cells

Questão 80

Questão
In response to hemorrhage, there is a
Responda
  • mobilization of the venous reserve
  • increased parasympathetic stimulation of the heart
  • decreased sympathetic stimulation
  • decreased vasomotor tone and increased parasympathetic stimulation of heart
  • decreased vasomotor tone and decreased sympathetic stimulation of the heart

Questão 81

Questão
Edema would be likely to form
Responda
  • the concentration of protein in the blood increases
  • hemorrhage occurs
  • the heart insufficient pressure pumping
  • blood hydrostatic pressure in the capillary decreases outward flow of fluid
  • blood hydrostatic pressure in capillary is less than blood osmotic pressure

Questão 82

Questão
The cells responsible for the production of circulating antibodies are
Responda
  • Natural killer cells
  • plasma cells
  • helper T cells
  • cytotoxic T cells
  • supressor T cells

Questão 83

Questão
The body's largest lymphatic tissue is the:
Responda
  • thyroid
  • thymus
  • thalamus
  • pancreas
  • spleen

Questão 84

Questão
With a patient being thin, nervous, with protruding eye (balls), you are thinking that
Responda
  • they suffer from Graves disease
  • they suffer from myxedema
  • they suffer from cretinism
  • they suffer from acromegaly
  • they suffer from hyroencephaly

Questão 85

Questão
Depolarization in the cochlear hair cell will occur if the sterocilia moves (bends)
Responda
  • up towards the tectoral membrane
  • down towards the basilar membrane
  • sideways towards the taller sterocilia
  • sideways towards the shorter sterocilia
  • back and forth sideways (both C and D)

Questão 86

Questão
Different pitches (frequencies) of sounds are discriminated in cochlea through
Responda
  • stimulating/vibrating different types/classes of sterocilia
  • stimulating/vibrating different classes of hair cells
  • stimulating/vibrating different types/ classes of ion channels
  • stimulating/vibrating different auditory canals or membranes
  • stimulating/vibrating different patches of the basilar membrane

Questão 87

Questão
The round-ish lens shape in the most closely associated with focusing on a
Responda
  • bright object
  • dim object
  • close object
  • distant object
  • both B and D are correct

Questão 88

Questão
A drifting blood clot is called an
Responda
  • embolus
  • thrombus
  • plaque
  • coagulant
  • platelet plug

Questão 89

Questão
The left and right pulmonary veins carry blood to the
Responda
  • right atrium
  • right ventricle
  • left atrium
  • left ventricle
  • lungs

Questão 90

Questão
The heart sound is heard when
Responda
  • the semilunar valves open
  • the atria contract
  • valves open
  • valves close
  • blood enter the aorta

Questão 91

Questão
Aged and broken down erythrocytes are broken down by the ____
Responda
  • spleen
  • yellow bone marrow
  • kidneys
  • digestive tract
  • thymus gland

Questão 92

Questão
The heart valve occurring between the LA and LV is called the ____ valve
Responda
  • aortic (semilunar)
  • pulmonary semilunar
  • triscuspid
  • aortic tricuspid
  • mitral (bicuspid)

Questão 93

Questão
Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus is also known as
Responda
  • non insulin dependent
  • type I
  • type II
  • type III
  • diabetes insipidus

Questão 94

Questão
The sclera is most closely associated with the
Responda
  • retina
  • pupil
  • iris
  • white-ish part of the eyeball
  • lens ligaments

Questão 95

Questão
Anemia is most closely associated with
Responda
  • high levels of oxygen in tissues
  • hematocrit value of less than 40
  • low levels of carbon dioxide in tissues
  • hematocrit value of more than 40
  • hematocrit value of more than 50

Questão 96

Questão
The Pitiarty hormeon that mots specifically promotes egg development in ovaries and sper developmetn in testes is
Responda
  • TSH
  • ACTH
  • FSH
  • prolactin
  • GH (or HGH) (or HGHRH)

Questão 97

Questão
In human photoreceptors, to what does "dark current" refer?
Responda
  • The movement of sodium ion INTO photoreceptors in complete darkness
  • The movement of sodium ions OUT OF photoreceptors in complete darkness
  • The movement of cGMP INTO photoreceptors in complete darkness
  • The movement of cGMP OUT OF photoreceptors in complete darkness
  • The movement of

Questão 98

Questão
The structure that separates the cholera duct from the tympanic duct is the
Responda
  • Tectorial membrane
  • basilar membrane
  • vestiblar duct
  • organ of Corti
  • tympanic membrane

Questão 99

Questão
An inability for the body to clot (prevent flow out of) blood is most closely associated with
Responda
  • thalassemia
  • hemophilia
  • diapedesis
  • hemostasemia
  • leukemia

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