Quiz
SMEI
Este quiz tem tipos de pergunta que abrem no player de sempre.
Perguntas do quiz (14)
11945 the European continent emerged exhausted from the [blank_start]Second World War[blank_end]. Divided between the [blank_start]capitalist[blank_end] West and the [blank_start]communist[blank_end] East. The war had effectively destroyed physical infrastructure and led to disruption of economic production and a political shift to left wing parties.
- ASecond World War
- Bcapitalist
- Ccommunist
2Allied summit divided Europe in [blank_start]spheres of influence[blank_end]. [blank_start]Germany[blank_end] and [blank_start]Austria[blank_end] remained occupied and divided between the occupation zones of the Allies. Ideas favoring European federalism gained support in [blank_start]Italy[blank_end], [blank_start]France[blank_end] and [blank_start]Germany[blank_end] but not in [blank_start]GB[blank_end] or the Scandinavian countries.
- Aspheres of influence
- BGermany
- CAustria
- DItaly
- EFrance
- FGermany
- GGB
3Speech of [blank_start]Winston Churchill[blank_end] in [blank_start]Zurich[blank_end] 1946 to call for a [blank_start]united Europe[blank_end]. [blank_start]Britain[blank_end] would remain separate from the United States of Europe.
Britain along with the [blank_start]US[blank_end] and possibly the USSR would be [blank_start]friend and sponsors[blank_end] of the new Europe. There would be a partnership between [blank_start]France[blank_end] and [blank_start]Germany[blank_end]. It was planned to form a [blank_start]Council of Europe[blank_end].- AWinston Churchill
- BZurich
- Cunited Europe
- DParis
- ERome
- FBritain
- GUS
- Hfriend and sponsors
- IFrance
- JGermany
- KCouncil of Europe
- LEuropean Council
4Congress of Europe in [blank_start]The Hague[blank_end] 1948
The [blank_start]European Union of Federalists[blank_end] (EUF) was formed 1946 from the wartime resistance movement. They wanted to create a [blank_start]federal constitution[blank_end] for Europe to reach global unity. Nether the less it took too long organize the conference that was supposed to pave the way to the new constitution. To this time the [blank_start]national governments[blank_end] had already been restored to office everywhere. Furthermore the British were not interested in being part of a [blank_start]supranational[blank_end] organization that would comprise their national [blank_start]sovereignty[blank_end]. The Congress led to the creation of the [blank_start]Council of Europe[blank_end].- AThe Hague
- BEuropean Union of Federalists
- Cfederal constitution
- Dnational governments
- Esupranational
- Fsovereignty
- GCouncil of Europe
5Allied summit meeting in [blank_start]Yalta[blank_end] 1945 to divide Europe at the end of the war into [blank_start]spheres of influence[blank_end]. It was intended by the western Allies to be only temporary arrangements. The [blank_start]Soviet Union[blank_end] started to make it permanent. Regimes friendly to the USSR were installed in countries of central and eastern Europe that had been assigned to the Soviet sphere at [blank_start]Yalta[blank_end]. This led to a speech of [blank_start]Winston Churchill[blank_end] in which he talked about an [blank_start]iron curtain[blank_end] descending across Europe.
- AYalta
- Bspheres of influence
- CSoviet Union
- DYalta
- EWinston Churchill
- Firon curtain
6September 1946 communist insurgents restarted a civil war in [blank_start]Greece[blank_end] (could not happen without the agreement of the Soviet Union). [blank_start]Greece[blank_end] was in the [blank_start]British[blank_end] sphere of influence according to the [blank_start]Yalta[blank_end] agreement. Doubt arose if Stalin would still respect the limits set at [blank_start]Yalta[blank_end]. Further more in 1946 the Soviet Union refused to withdraw its troops from [blank_start]Persia[blank_end], which was also outside its sphere and made territorial demands on [blank_start]Turkey[blank_end].
- AGreece
- BGreece
- CBritish
- DYalta
- EYalta
- FPersia
- GTurkey
7Because of the severe Winter in Europe, [blank_start]London[blank_end] informed Washington in 1947 that it could not afford to continue [blank_start]economic[blank_end] and [blank_start]military aid[blank_end] to Greece and Turkey. In response President [blank_start]Truman[blank_end] asked the Congress for [blank_start]economic[blank_end] and [blank_start]military aid[blank_end] for Greece and Turkey based on a duty of the US to assist free people against communist aggression. This was called the [blank_start]Truman Doctrine[blank_end].
- ALondon
- Beconomic
- Cmilitary aid
- DTruman
- Eeconomic
- Fmilitary aid
- GTruman Doctrine
8Collapse of the [blank_start]Four-Power Council[blank_end] of Foreign Ministers, which was a standing conference to discuss the administration and future of Germany. The walk-out of the [blank_start]Soviet[blank_end] representatives in April 1947 convinced the other representatives that it was not possible to work with the [blank_start]USSR[blank_end]. From that point on, the emerge of separate west and east [blank_start]Germany[blank_end] states became gradually unavoidable.
- AFour-Power Council
- BSoviet
- CUSSR
- DGermany
9On 5 June 1947 George [blank_start]Marshall[blank_end] (US Secretary of State) announced that the US Administration proposed to offer [blank_start]financial aid[blank_end] to Europe to assist in its economic recovery. By injection of dollars into the European economy, trade should be financed between the Europe States and the US and trade between the European states themselves. The measures were implemented to prevent [blank_start]communism[blank_end]. The US insisted that decisions on the distribution and use of [blank_start]Marshall Aid[blank_end] should be taken by the European states jointly. To implement this, a body known as the Committee for [blank_start]European Economic Co-operation[blank_end] (CEEC) was set up. The CEEC was transformed into the [blank_start]Organization[blank_end] for [blank_start]European Economic Co-operation[blank_end] (OEEC). The OEEC was the basis for the future supranational economic management of Europe.
- AMarshall
- Bfinancial aid
- CMarshall Aid
- DEuropean Economic Co-operation
- EOrganization
- FEuropean Economic Co-operation
- Gcommunism
10The German Problem.
For the US and Britain the future of Germany was inevitably linked to the emerging [blank_start]Cold War[blank_end]. For France and Germany's smaller neighbor it was still a question of how to prevent the re-emerge of a threat by a sovereign and independent Germany. Germany's neighbors tried to protect themselves through [blank_start]military alliances[blank_end]. They established the Treaty of [blank_start]Dunkirk[blank_end] between [blank_start]GB[blank_end] and [blank_start]France[blank_end] in March 1947 and the later the Treaty of [blank_start]Brussels[blank_end] between [blank_start]GB[blank_end], [blank_start]France[blank_end] and the [blank_start]Benelux States[blank_end] in March 1948. Thereby they committed themselves to treat any [blank_start]act of aggression[blank_end] against one as an [blank_start]act of aggression[blank_end] against all. Both alliances were directed more at forestalling German aggression than they were at the Soviet Union. The [blank_start]French[blank_end] government also tried to prevent the emerge of any German state. [blank_start]France[blank_end] wanted to have Germany under Allied occupation. Failing that it wanted the former German state to be divided into a large number of small [blank_start]separate states[blank_end]. 1948 the [blank_start]Soviet Union[blank_end] walked out of Allied talks on the future of Germany. The US and GB responded by starting to prepare the Anglo-American zones for independence. 1949 the [blank_start]Federal Republic of Germany[blank_end] came into existence.- ACold War
- Bmilitary alliances
- CDunkirk
- DGB
- EFrance
- FBrussels
- GGB
- HFrance
- IBenelux States
- Jact of aggression
- Kact of aggression
- LFrench
- MFrance
- Nseparate states
- OSoviet Union
- PFederal Republic of Germany
11May 1950, the French Foreign Minister [blank_start]Robert Schuman[blank_end] proposed a scheme for pooling the [blank_start]coal and steel supplies[blank_end] of [blank_start]France and Germany[blank_end] and invited other European States who wished to participate to express an interest. The idea involved a surrender of sovereignty over the [blank_start]coal and steel industries[blank_end]. Based on the Idea of [blank_start]Jean Monnet[blank_end] (a French civil servant) which addressed practical problems for France that arose from the establishment of the Federal Republic of Germany. The practical problems were how to [blank_start]avert the threat of future conflict[blank_end] between France and Germany and how to [blank_start]ensure continuing supplies of coal[blank_end] for the French steel industry once the [blank_start]Ruhr region[blank_end] reverted to German sovereign control.
The idea of him was an [blank_start]economically united western Europe[blank_end]. He saw the need to create a large and dynamic [blank_start]common market[blank_end]. Furthermore he wanted the development of [blank_start]supranational institutions[blank_end] as the basis for building a [blank_start]genuine economic community[blank_end] that would adopt [blank_start]common economic policies[blank_end] and [blank_start]rational planning procedures[blank_end]. Nether the less coal and steel were only intended as [blank_start]starting points[blank_end]. His aim was to [blank_start]extend integration[blank_end] to all aspects of the west European economy. The plan was welcomed by the German Chancellor [blank_start]Konrad Adenauer[blank_end] and the [blank_start]Benelux states[blank_end] and [blank_start]Italy[blank_end] indicated that they would like to participate. The [blank_start]British[blank_end] government declined an invitation to take part.- ARobert Schuman
- Bcoal and steel supplies
- CFrance and Germany
- Dcoal and steel industries
- EJean Monnet
- Favert the threat of future conflict
- Gensure continuing supplies of coal
- HRuhr region
- Ieconomically united western Europe
- Jcommon market
- Ksupranational institutions
- Lgenuine economic community
- Mcommon economic policies
- Nrational planning procedures
- Ostarting points
- Pextend integration
- QKonrad Adenauer
- RBenelux states
- SItaly
- TBritish
12At the end of the war, the [blank_start]Ruhr region[blank_end] of Germany has been placed under joint Allied control. Germans [blank_start]supplies of coal[blank_end] had been allocated between the various competing users by the International Authority for the Ruhr (IAR). It seemed unlikely that this arrangement could be longer continued once the [blank_start]Federal Republic was constituted[blank_end]. This raised the question of how France could ensure that it continued to get [blank_start]access to the supply of Ruhr coal[blank_end] which its steel industry needed.
France had a [blank_start]excess capacity in steel[blank_end] and a [blank_start]shortage of coal[blank_end]. Therefore the French industry was heavily dependent on supplies of [blank_start]coking coal from the Ruhr[blank_end]. Germany accepted the plan [blank_start]to gain international acceptance[blank_end] by making a [blank_start]strong commitment to the capitalist West[blank_end] and furthermore [blank_start]to get rid of the IAR[blank_end] because of the [blank_start]restrictions the IAR[blank_end] placed on German industrialists. The deal was a commitment on the part of [blank_start]Adenauer[blank_end] to the [blank_start]ideal of European integration[blank_end]. The Benelux states accepted the plan because they could not afford to [blank_start]stay out of any agreement[blank_end] between [blank_start]France and Germany on coal and steel[blank_end] because of the high degree of interdependence between the industries in the border regions of France and Germany and those in Belgium and Luxembourg. Furthermore they supported any move that promised to [blank_start]reduce the risk of war[blank_end] between their two larger neighbors. Italy accepted to [blank_start]rebuilt its international reputation[blank_end] after WW2. Italy wanted to [blank_start]gain international acceptance[blank_end] and making a [blank_start]statement against communism[blank_end]. Britain was against the agreement. In Britain fascism had never succeeded and it was a world power with global responsibilities. Furthermore Britain was [blank_start]economically far stronger[blank_end] than the other western European states and [blank_start]tying the future of the British economy[blank_end] to that of Germany and France was dangerous. The British government had just completed the nationalization of [blank_start]the coal and steel industries[blank_end]. The USA played during the negotiations a [blank_start]vital role behind the scene[blank_end]. The role of the US Administration in the negotiation was vital, especially since they [blank_start]forced a settlement[blank_end] in the negotiations when Germany refused to accept the establishment of the [blank_start]High Authority[blank_end])- ARuhr region
- Bsupplies of coal
- CFederal Republic was constituted
- Daccess to the supply of Ruhr coal
- Eexcess capacity in steel
- Fshortage of coal
- Gcoking coal from the Ruhr
- Hto gain international acceptance
- Istrong commitment to the capitalist West
- Jto get rid of the IAR
- Krestrictions the IAR
- LAdenauer
- Mideal of European integration
- Nstay out of any agreement
- OFrance and Germany on coal and steel
- Preduce the risk of war
- Qrebuilt its international reputation
- Rgain international acceptance
- Sstatement against communism
- Teconomically far stronger
- Utying the future of the British economy
- Vthe coal and steel industries
- Wvital role behind the scene
- Xforced a settlement
- YHigh Authority
13Britains government was upset that [blank_start]France did tell the US[blank_end] in [blank_start]advance about the Schuman Plan[blank_end] but not Britain. Therefore the Foreign Secretary of Britain suspected an [blank_start]Franco-American plot[blank_end] to seize the initiative away from Britain in the formulation of plans for western Europe. Those assumptions increased when the French government insisted that all those who wished to participate in the scheme must accept the [blank_start]principle of supranationalism[blank_end], which was a [blank_start]impossible condition[blank_end] for the British government because of their strong [blank_start]attachment to national sovereignty[blank_end]. Britain did not [blank_start]immediately reject[blank_end] and wanted France to [blank_start]specify[blank_end] what they meant by the principle of supranationalism. Schuman announced that this principle was [blank_start]non-negotiable[blank_end] on 1 June 1950 and set a deadline that every state that wanted to be involved in the negotiations must accept it by 2 June 1950 8:00pm. The British Cabinet [blank_start]immediately rejected this condition[blank_end].
- AFrance did tell the US
- Badvance about the Schuman Plan
- CFranco-American plot
- Dprinciple of supranationalism
- Eimpossible condition
- Fattachment to national sovereignty
- Gimmediately reject
- Hspecify
- Inon-negotiable
- Jimmediately rejected this condition
14At the end of the war the Allies had forced the [blank_start]deconcentration[blank_end] of the [blank_start]coal and steel industries in Germany[blank_end] and the [blank_start]break-up of the cartels[blank_end] that had restricted [blank_start]competition[blank_end]. From the German point of view this only served to give an advantage to the French competitors. The IAR acted to prevent [blank_start]reconcentration and re-emergence[blank_end] of cartels. German industrialists wanted [blank_start]to get rid of it[blank_end] but they did not want the [blank_start]High Authority of the ECSC[blank_end] to take over those functions form the IAR. Main goal of France and the USA was the prevention of the [blank_start]resurgence of Germany industrial cartels[blank_end]. Germany had to accept this conditions because of the [blank_start]political gains[blank_end] that came with the [blank_start]Treaty of Paris[blank_end]. The six signed the [blank_start]Treaty of Paris in April 1952[blank_end] and the [blank_start]European Coal and Steel Community[blank_end] (ECSC) came into operation July 1952.
- Adeconcentration
- Bcoal and steel industries in Germany
- Cbreak-up of the cartels
- Dcompetition
- Ereconcentration and re-emergence
- Fto get rid of it
- GHigh Authority of the ECSC
- Hresurgence of Germany industrial cartels
- Ipolitical gains
- JTreaty of Paris
- KTreaty of Paris in April 1952
- LEuropean Coal and Steel Community
Informações
- Descrição
- European Integration
- Autor
- Nadine S
- Idioma
- Deutsch
- Visualizações
- 4
- Avaliação
- Ainda sem avaliações Avalie este quiz