Quiz
CC 100- (4) Measuring Crime
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Perguntas do quiz (26)
1Criminal justice System produces huge amounts of raw data such as:
- Apolice reports & records, court decisions
- Bprisoners information
- Cadministrative records of prisons & penitentiaries
- Ddecisions of parole & probation officials
- Evictim services
2CJS records are not statistics. they are concerned with individual cases (e.g. the offender) and help practitioners make decisions about these cases
- AVerdadeiro
- BFalso
3Statistics are aggregated- concerned with what is common among many individual cases - they provide info about planning & evaluation, policy & program development & theory building & testing
- AVerdadeiro
- BFalso
4Quantitative data:
- Arelating to the measurement of something- numeric form
- Brelating to the reasons why something happens
5Qualitative Data:
- Abased on measurements
- Bnot based on measurement but an exploration of the reasons for human behaviour and the qualities of subjective experience
6Controversies over counting crime:
- Acoverage, reliability, validity, & methodology
- Bcrime rate measured by police-reported data not reliable or valid statistics (they underestimate the actual level of crime)
- Ccounting crime is easy knowledge
7Crime Stats:
-[blank_start]34%[blank_end] decrease in [blank_start]Crime Rate[blank_end] since 1998
-[blank_start]12.6%[blank_end] increase in [blank_start]drug crimes[blank_end] since 1998
-[blank_start]28.9%[blank_end] decrease in [blank_start]violent crimes[blank_end] since 2000- A34%
- B30%
- C40%
- D43%
- E28%
- FCrime Rate
- Gdrug offences
- Hviolence
- Isexual crimes
- J12.6%
- K11.7%
- L12.9%
- M13%
- Ndrug crimes
- Ocrime rates
- Psexual crimes
- Qrobberys
- R28.9%
- S30%
- T35%
- U25%
- Vviolent crimes
- Wsexual crimes
- Xarmed robbery
- Ytheft crimes
- Zproperty crimes
83 dominant ways to count crime or describe crime patterns:
- Aofficial (police-reported) statistics
- Bvictim blaming
- Cvictimization surveys
- Dself-reported studies
- Eself-measured examples
9"crimes known to police" are commonly used crime stats
- AVerdadeiro
- BFalso
10The Uniform Crime Report (UCR):
- Aintended to standardize the collection & assembly of police-reported crime statistics from across Canada
- Bstats generated by UCR are less than perfect due to variations in records and interpreting crime between different departments
- Cimplemented in 1962
- Dall of the above
112 versions of the UCR:
1. UCR [blank_start]aggregate[blank_end] (UCR 1.0) Survey: collects summary data for [blank_start]100[blank_end] separate criminal offences
2. UCR [blank_start]Incident-Based[blank_end] (UCR 2.0) Survey: collects more [blank_start]detailed information[blank_end] on each incident, victims & accused- Aaggregate
- B100
- CIncident-Based
- Ddetailed information
12[blank_start]Seriousness[blank_end] rule in UCR statistics *important*:
- only the most serious crime is scored in an incident involving [blank_start]several[blank_end] crimes
Implications:
-deflates total crime count
-[blank_start]inflates[blank_end] serious crimes as % of total
-not enough qualitative data about crimes are recorded
-crime categories are too [blank_start]general[blank_end]
-does not differentiate between indictable and summary offences (gross counts of crime are [blank_start]misleading[blank_end])- ASeriousness
- Bseveral
- Cinflates
- Dgeneral
- Emisleading
13UCR Distortions:
Police [blank_start]less[blank_end] likely to write an official report if:
1. situation can be dealt with through [blank_start]warning[blank_end] (e.g. confiscation of illicit goods)
2. close [blank_start]relationship[blank_end] between victim and perp
Police [blank_start]more[blank_end] likely to write a report if:
1. victim is of [blank_start]higher[blank_end] social status (differential toward police)
2. police are engaged in ant-crime campaign (maintenance crackdown)- Aless
- Bwarning
- Crelationship
- Dmore
- Ehigher
14UCR 2 adopted in 1982 to address issues associated with original UCR:
- Aadded arson to category of property crime
- Badded new categories of crime including criminal harassment
- Callows for better collection of information regarding multiple offences stemming from the same criminal event (original UCR seriousness rule)
- Dis better
15the Crime Severity Index (CSI):
- Aaddresses the matter of the crime rate being driven by high volumes of less serious offences
- Bcalculated by assigning each offence by weight (from sentenced given in court)
- Cmore serious the average sentence, greater the weight
- Dmore serious offences have greater impact on CSI
16dark figure of crime refers to the amount of crime that is not reported to the police and is therefore not reflected in the UCR
- AVerdadeiro
- BFalso
17according to the General Social Survey (GSS) ([blank_start]victimization survey[blank_end]) [blank_start]2/3 (two thirds[blank_end]) of crimes are not reported to the police
GSS provides information on crimes not reported and why- Avictimization survey
- B2/3 (two thirds
18why victims don't report crime:
- Afeel crimes arent important enough
- Bthink there is nothing police can do
- Cretaliate and plan revenge
- Ddeal with the crime in another way
- Ethey don't want to go to court
19which of the following is NOT TRUE of victimization surveys?
- Aa sample of people are asked via a questionnaire survey if they have been a victim of crime
- Bcaptures many crimes not included in UCR data
- Cvictims can be asked to describe their victimization, if it was reported, the response they got, and their feelings of safety regarding the CJS
- Dthey are not anonymous, everyone is identified
20Criminal victimization in Canada 2009 highlights:
[blank_start]25%[blank_end] of respondents reported being a victim of crime in past 12 months
[blank_start]70%[blank_end] of offences were non-violent
[blank_start]31%[blank_end] who were victimized reported it to police
rates [blank_start]stable[blank_end] between 2004 and 2009
violent crimes & household victimization are [blank_start]higher[blank_end] in Western Canada
[blank_start]93%[blank_end] felt somewhat or very satisfied with their personal safety- A25%
- B20%
- C30%
- D27%
- E80%
- F70%
- G75%
- H60%
- I31%
- J32%
- K35%
- L40%
- Mincreased
- Nstable
- Odecreased
- Phigher
- Qlower
- Rthe same
- S93%
- T95%
- U92%
- V90%
21Limitations of Victimization surveys include:
-not all crimes are captured (e.g. murder)
-[blank_start]Consensual crimes[blank_end] are generally not captured by either police-reported UCR data or victimization surveys
-[blank_start]Telescoping[blank_end]: unintentionally remembering prior victimization incidents outside the survey time framework
-[blank_start]Memory Fade[blank_end]: unintentionally forgetting victimization incident inside the survey time framework- AConsensual crimes
- BTelescoping
- CMemory Fade
22Self-Reported studies over come some of the weaknesses of police data and victimization surveys
-they contribute to research and theories on the causes of [blank_start]crime & delinquency[blank_end] (social class & crime)
-people are willing to report crimes in self-report survey (can produce valid and reliable results)
Limitations to this:
-some demographic groups are more apt to criminal behaviour
-more likely to report [blank_start]minor[blank_end] infractions and downplay serious ones
-serious and chronic offenders difficult to survey
-- Acrime & delinquency
- Bminor
23according to general approaches to crime stats, the Positivist Perspective:
- Ais a positive outlook on the crime severity
- Btends to accept the notion that the criminal code is a reflection of societal consensus about what is and is not criminal behaviour - reasonable to rely upon crime statistics generated by governmental agencies or the CJS
- Cmeans a positive approach to crime solving
- Dnone of the above
24Structuralist perspective questions the relevance of crime statistics
- AVerdadeiro
- BFalso
25Constructionist perspective:
- Aargues the identification, coding & counting of crime is a social process
- Bpolice produce crime stats by choosing which calls warrant a police response, exercising discretion (dealing with situations formally or without charges) and being involved in proactive or reactive policing styles
- Cmeans we construct our ideas of crime and counting crime from media and older models
- Dall of the above
26Integrationist Perspective:
- Afocuses on development of and changes to laws (whose interests are served)
- Banalyzes how crime stats are socially constructed & how social factors guide that process
- Cexplains crimes integration process to society
- Dhas to do with rapid change
Informações
- Descrição
- Criminology
- Autor
- Alyssa Elligson
- Idioma
- English
- Visualizações
- 27
- Etiquetas
- Avaliação
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