Quiz
Genetics Test 2
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1Define Homologous pairs
- Aare pairs of proteins for translocation
- Balike in structure and size, each carries genetic information for the same set of hereditary characteristics
- Cthe sex chromosomes, otherwise known as gametes
2In general the ploidy of the cell indicates how many sets of genetic information the cell possesses. How many sets does diploid, haploid and polyploid have?
- A4, 5, and a lot
- B2, 1, and 3 or more
3Constricted region of the chromosome where the kinetochores form and the spindle microtubules attach is
- Atelomere
- Bchromatid
- Ccentromere
4What are telomeres?
- Aat the end caps of chromosomes, their purpose is to protect and stabilize the chromosome
- Bprovide a spot to form spindle microtubules to attach
- CMeerkat telophones
5Rank the stages of the cell cycle in order.
1. [blank_start]G-1[blank_end]: cell grows, proteins for cell division synthesized
2. [blank_start]G-0[blank_end]: non-dividing stage, can re-enter G-1 from here
3. [blank_start]G-1/S[blank_end] checkpoint: holds cell in G-1 until all enzymes needed for replication are obtained
4. [blank_start]S Phase[blank_end]: DNA duplicates
5. [blank_start]G-2[blank_end]: cell prepares for mitosis
6. [blank_start]G-2/M checkpoint[blank_end]: proceeds to M-phase only if all DNA is replicated and undamaged
7. [blank_start]M Phase[blank_end]: nuclear and cell division
8. [blank_start]Spindle Assembly Checkpoint[blank_end]
9. [blank_start]Cytokinesis[blank_end]: the cytoplasmic division of a cell at the end of mitosis or meiosis, bringing about the separation into two daughter cells.- AG-0
- BG-1/S
- CS Phase
- DG-2
- EG-2/M checkpoint
- FM Phase
- GSpindle Assembly Checkpoint
- HCytokinesis
- IG-1
6The extended period between cell divisions, DNA synthesis, and chromosome replication phase is known as
- Ametaphase
- Banaphase
- CInterphase
7what stage do Chromosomes condense and mitotic spindle forms.
- Aprophase
- Banaphase
- Ctelophase
8What phase does the nuclear envelope disintegrates and spindle microtubules anchor to kinetochores
- Aprophase
- Banaphase
- Cprometaphase
9What phase do chromosomes align on the metaphase plate and is also known as the spindle-assembly checkpoint?
- Atelophase
- Bmetaphase
- Cprometaphase
10What phase do sister chromatids separate (move apart) becoming individual chromosomes that migrate toward spindle poles?
- Ametaphase
- Banaphase
- Cinterphase
11What phase do chromosomes arrive at spindle poles, nuclear envelope re-forms, and condensed chromosomes relax? (2 nucleus are formed)
- Atelophase
- Banaphase
- Cmetaphase
12What is the term used for when the cytoplasm divides (a cell wall is formed in plant cells)?
- Ameiosis
- Bmitosis
- Ccytokinesis
13Rank in order the steps of the M phase
1. [blank_start]prophase[blank_end]
2. [blank_start]prometaphase[blank_end]
3. [blank_start]metaphase[blank_end]
4. [blank_start]anaphase[blank_end]
5. [blank_start]telophase[blank_end]
6. [blank_start]cytokinesis[blank_end]- Aprophase
- Bprometaphase
- Cmetaphase
- Danaphase
- Etelophase
- Fcytokinesis
14What is a centrosome?
- Athe center of the chromosome
- Ban organelle near the nucleus of a cell
- Ccontains the centrioles (in animal cells) from which the spindle fibers develop in cell division.
- Dthe powerhouse of the cell
15What happens in mieosis I?
- Aseparation of sister chromatids, also known as equational division
- Bseparation of homologous chromosome pairs, and reduction of the chromosome number by half
- Ccytoplasm divides and 2 cells are formed
16What happens in Mieosis II?
- Aseparation of sister chromatids, also known as equational division
- Bseparation of homologous chromosome pairs, and reduction of chromosome number by half
- Cchromosomes condense and mitotic spindles form
17Rank the stages of mieosis I & II in order
1. [blank_start]Middle prophase[blank_end]: chromosomes begin to condense and the spindle forms
2. [blank_start]late prophase 1[blank_end]: homologous chromosomes pair, crossing over takes place and the nuclear membrane breaks down
3. [blank_start]Metaphase 1[blank_end]: Homologous pairs line up along the metaphase plate
4. [blank_start]anaphase 1[blank_end]: Homologous chromosomes move apart and go toward opposite poles
5. [blank_start]Telophase 1[blank_end]: Chromosomes arrive at the spindle poles and the cytoplasm divides
6. [blank_start]Prophase 2[blank_end]: chromosomes re-condense
7. [blank_start]metaphase 2[blank_end]: Individual chromosomes line up on the metaphase plate
8. [blank_start]anaphase 2[blank_end]: sister chromatids separate and move toward opposite poles
9. [blank_start]telophase 2[blank_end]: chromosomes arrive at the spindle poles and the cytoplasm divides
10. [blank_start]Products: 4 gametes[blank_end]- AMiddle prophase
- Blate prophase 1
- CMetaphase 1
- Danaphase 1
- ETelophase 1
- FProphase 2
- Gmetaphase 2
- Hanaphase 2
- Itelophase 2
- JProducts: 4 gametes
18[blank_start]Spermatogenesis[blank_end] or male gametogenesis starts with a [blank_start]spermatogonium[blank_end] entering into [blank_start]prophase 1[blank_end] becoming a [blank_start]primary spermatocyte[blank_end]. It undergoes [blank_start]mieosis 1[blank_end] and yields [blank_start]2 secondary spermatocytes[blank_end]. Those undergo [blank_start]mieosis 2[blank_end] and together produce [blank_start]4 spermatids[blank_end] that mature into [blank_start]sperm cells[blank_end].
- ASpermatogenesis
- Bspermatogonium
- Cprophase 1
- Dprimary spermatocyte
- Emieosis 1
- F2 secondary spermatocytes
- Gmieosis 2
- H4 spermatids
- Isperm cells
19[blank_start]Oogenesis[blank_end] or female gametogenesis starts with 1 [blank_start]oogonium[blank_end], that enters [blank_start]prophase 1[blank_end] to become a [blank_start]primary oocyte[blank_end]. It goes through [blank_start]mieosis 1[blank_end] and forms a [blank_start]secondary oocyte[blank_end] and a [blank_start]polar body[blank_end]. The polar body [blank_start]disintegrates[blank_end]. The secondary oocyte goes through [blank_start]mieosis 2[blank_end] and an ovum and a polar body forms. The polar body disintegrates and what's left is [blank_start]1 ovum (egg)[blank_end].
- AOogenesis
- Boogonium
- Cprophase 1
- Dprimary oocyte
- Emieosis 1
- Fsecondary oocyte
- Gpolar body
- Hdisintegrates
- Imieosis 2
- J1 ovum (egg)
20Choose characteristics that apply to prokaryotic cells
- Ahas a nucleus, large diameter, multiple linear DNA molecules, complexed with histones, large amount of DNA, membrane bound organelles are present
- Bno nucleus, small diameter, usually 1 circular DNA molecule, not complexed with histones, small amount of DNA, no membrance bound organelles, allvarchaea and bacteria
21Characteristics of eukaryotic cells.
- Ahas a nucleus, large diameter, multiple linear DNA molecules, complexed with histones, large amount of DNA, membrane bound organelles are present
- Bno nucleus, small diameter, usually 1 circular DNA molecule, not complexed with histones, small amount of DNA, no membrance bound organelles, allvarchaea and bacteria
22An inherited factor (region of DNA) that helps determine a characteristic is a
- Aallele
- Blocus
- Cgene
23One of two or more alternative forms of a gene is called
- Aan allele
- Blocus
- Cgene
24A specific place on on a chromosome occupies by an allele is
- Aallele
- Ba locus
- Cgene
25A set of alleles possessed by an individual organism is called a
- Acharacteristic
- Bphenotype
- Cgenotype
26The appearance or manifestation of a characteristic is a
- Agenotype
- Bphenotype
- Ccharacteristic
27An attribute or feature possessed by an organism is a
- Acharacteristic
- Bphenotype
- Cgenotype
28An individual organism possessing 2 different alleles at a locus is a
- Aheterozygote
- Bhomozygote
29An individual organism possessing 2 of the same alleles at a locus is a
- Aheterozygote
- Bhomozygote
30Gregor Mendal crossed fertilized pea plants and discovered
- Athe passing of traits from parents to offspring, also known as the basic principles of inheritance
- Bthat DNA is the shape of a helix
- CDNA carries the genetic information for characteristics
31Mendel's Laws:
1. The Principle of [blank_start]Segregation[blank_end]: the two members of a gene pair (alleles) segregate from each other in the formation of gametes. Half the gametes carry one allele, and the other half carry the other allele.
2. The Principle of [blank_start]Independent Assortment[blank_end]: Genes for different traits assort independently of one another in the formation of gametes.
3. The Principle of [blank_start]Dominance[blank_end]: If one parent has two copies of allele A -- the dominant allele -- and the second parent has two copies of allele a-- the recessive allele -- then the offspring will inherit an Aa genotype and display the dominant phenotype.- ASegregation
- BIndependent Assortment
- CDominance
32What is the Chi Square & goodness fit test?
- Aindicates that probability that the difference between the observed and the expected values is due to chance
- Bthen probability results of a punnet square
- Cresults of the probability of a test cross
33what is the formula for Chi Square & goodness test?
- Ax = (observed)/expected
- Bx^2 = (observed - expected)^2/expected
- Cx = (observed - expected)/expected
34How do you calculate degrees of freedom?
- An (number of different expected phenotypes) - 1
- Bn (number of different expected genotypes) - 1
- Cn (number of different expected phenotypes) - 4
35Autosomal Recessive traits
- Aappear with equal frequency in males and females. Unaffected do not pass the trait. Affected have at least one affected parent.
- Busually appear with equal frequencies in male & females and often skip generations. More likely to appear among progeny of related parents
36Autosomal dominant traits
- Aappear with equal frequency in males and females. Unaffected do not pass the trait. Affected have at least one affected parent.
- Busually appear with equal frequencies in male & females and often skip generations. More likely to appear among progeny of related parents
37Which gene on the Y chromosome determines maleness?
- AATC gene
- BLMG gene
- CSRY gene
38Fill in the blank.
[blank_start]Klinefelter Syndrome[blank_end] [blank_start](XXY, XXYY, XXXY)[blank_end]: Male traits, tall, small testes, reduced facial & pubic hair.
[blank_start]Turner Syndrome[blank_end] [blank_start](XO)[blank_end]: Female Traits, short, low hairline, broad chest, neck folds.
[blank_start]Poly-X females[blank_end] [blank_start](XXX. XXXX, XXXXX)[blank_end]: Female traits, tall and thin
[blank_start]XYY males[blank_end]: Males traits and tall.- AKlinefelter Syndrome
- B(XXY, XXYY, XXXY)
- CTurner Syndrome
- D(XO)
- EPoly-X females
- F(XXX. XXXX, XXXXX)
- GXYY males
39What was Thomas Hunt Morgan able explain after his experiments with red-eyed and white-eyed Drosophilia flies?
- APrinciple of Segregation
- BPrinciple of inheritance
- CSex-linked inheritance
40What is a Barr Body?
- Aan activated, expanded X chromosome found in female cells
- Ban inactivated, condensed X chromosome found in female cells
- Cthe inactive X chromosome in male cells
41Since females possess two X chromosomes and males have one X chromosome and a [blank_start]Y chromosomes[blank_end], Barr bodies are essential to regulate the amount of X-linked gene product being transcribed. To ensure that X-linked gene product doses are kept similar between males and females, one of the [blank_start]X chromosomes[blank_end] in a female becomes very condensed - [blank_start]the Barr body[blank_end]. This results in the genetic information on the chromosome being inaccessible to proteins that cause gene transcription. This is known as [blank_start]Dosage Compensation[blank_end].
- AX chromosomes
- BY chromosomes
- Cthe Barr body
- DDosage Compensation
42Phenotype of the heterozygote is the same as the phenotype of one of the homozygotes is [blank_start]complete dominance[blank_end].
Phenotype of the heterozygote is intermediate (falls within the range) between the phenotypes of the two homozygotes. Mixture of dominant and recessive. Example: RR (red) + rr (white) = Rr (pink). This is a definition of [blank_start]incomplete dominance[blank_end].
Phenotype of the heterozygote includes the phenotypes of both homozygotes. Examples are spotted flowers, horses or cows. This is a definition of [blank_start]codominance[blank_end].- Acomplete dominance
- Bincomplete dominance
- Ccodominance
43The percentage of individuals having a particular genotype that express the expected phenotype is [blank_start]penetrance[blank_end].
The degree to which a characteristic is expressed is [blank_start]expressivity[blank_end].- Apenetrance
- Bexpressivity
44Which genotype for color is lethal in mice?
- AYy (yellow - heterozygous)
- BYY (yellow - dominant homozygous)
- Cyy (non-yellow - recessive homozygous)
45An example of [blank_start]recessive epistasis[blank_end] ([blank_start]9:3:4[blank_end] phenotype) is Coat color in Labradors: B_E_ (black), bbE_ (brown), B_ee (yellow), bbee (yellow).
An example of [blank_start]dominant epistasis[blank_end] ([blank_start]12:3:1[blank_end] phenotype) is Summer Squash color: W_Y_(white), W_yy (white), wwY_ (yellow), wwyy (green).
An example of [blank_start]duplicate recessive epistatis[blank_end] ([blank_start]9:7[blank_end] phenotype) is Sweat Pea flower color: CCPP, CCP_, C_PP, C_P_ += purple, CC__, C___, __PP, __P_, ____ = white
The ratio for duplicate dominant epistasis is [blank_start]15:1[blank_end].- Arecessive epistasis
- Bdominant epistasis
- Cduplicate recessive epistatis
- D15:1
- E9:3:4
- F12:3:1
- G9:7
Informações
- Descrição
- created quiz on chapter 2-4 from the text book Genetics Essentials: Concepts and Connections, 4th Edition, by Benjamin A. Pierce
- Autor
- Raegan Ferro-Gaskin
- Idioma
- English
- Visualizações
- 32
- Etiquetas
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