Quiz
Therex Final 1
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Perguntas do quiz (68)
1Postural stability of the spine is provided by:
- AInteraction of muscle control modulated by the central nervous system and passive restraints.
- BElasticity of passive restraints.
- CInteraction of passive restraints and muscle control.
- DMuscle activity maintaining balance in the neutral zone.
2Characteristics of the global muscles in the spine include all of the following except:
- AProvide dynamic stability to each segment in the spine.
- BPrime movers of the spine.
- CMultisegmental guy wires.
- DControl spinal orientation in response to external loads.
3The spinal muscles that are activated first with rapid arm movements are the:
- ATransversus abdominis and multifidus.
- BErector spinae and rectus abdominis.
- CInternal and external obliques.
- DMultifidus and internal obliques.
4A sustained faulty posture that stresses the ligamentous or joint structures usually results in:
- ADiffuse pain that is relieved when the mechanical stress is stopped.
- BDiffuse pain that is relieved with pain medication, modalities, and massage
- CSharp pain that cannot be relieved until the tissue heals.
- DSharp pain that changes in intensity as the posture changes.
5Which of the following is true of a flat low-back posture?
- AIt should be the goal of all back rehabilitation programs.
- BIt is typically associated with tight hip flexor muscles.
- CIt is the best posture for a healthy spine.
- DIt reduces the shock-absorbing function of the spinal curves.
6To teach a patient how to manage painful symptoms related to poor posture, which of the following is most important?
- AHigh-repetition, low-resistance exercise program
- BStrengthening program
- CStretching program
- DAwareness of the relationship between the faulty posture and pain
7The difference between a lordotic posture and a slouched posture is:
- AOnly the lordotic posture has lumbar lordosis.
- BFlexion in both the upper lumbar and lower thoracic spine occurs with the slouched posture.
- CExtension of the pelvis on the femurs occurs with the lordotic posture.
- DThere is no difference; both affect the pelvis and lumbar spine the same way.
8Your patient complains of cervical pain and headaches. You notice that she has a forward head and round back posture. The complaints could be derived from all of the following except:
- AImpingement on the neurovascular bundle from sternocleidomastoid muscle tightness.
- BIncreased tension in the muscles of mastication with associated temporomandibular joint syndrome.
- CIrritation of the facet joints in the upper cervical spine.
- DImpingement of the suboccipital nerves.
9Your patient describes posterior cervical pain and headaches that get progressively worse throughout each workday. She is a computer programmer, plays tennis on the weekends, and is an aerobic walker in the evenings. Your evaluation reveals a person who is physically fit with well-balanced flexibility and strength. Your treatment emphasis will be:
- ATeaching tension-reducing postures and modification of chair, desk, and computer heights.
- BStretching the short suboccipital, levator, and scalene muscles.
- CTeaching proper warm-up exercises and progressing her aerobic program to running.
- DChanging her sleeping posture and pillow height.
10Your patient describes increased pain in the back in the morning before getting out of bed. The patient should be:
- AAdvised to place a board under a soft mattress.
- BAdvised to sleep in a recliner or with a pillow under her knees to accentuate hip flexion.
- CAdvised never to sleep prone.
- DEvaluated for sleeping posture and advised in mechanically safe adaptations.
11Your patient describes having cervical and upper thoracic pain progressing throughout the day at work where she works by reaching forward and overhead on an assembly line. On evaluation you determine she is experiencing “stretch weakness” from prolonged postural positioning. The treatment program you design should primarily include all of the following except:
- AEnvironmental adaptations for ergonomic relief and protection.
- BMuscular endurance and strengthening.
- CPosture training for safe body mechanics.
- DStretching for the involved postural muscles.
12Your patient has a forward head posture. On testing (supine-lying), she cannot isolate capital flexion to lift her head when you ask her to flex her neck. Passively you can move the head about 5° into capital flexion and then feel tissue resistance. Based on these supine tests, what muscles are tight and what muscles are weak?
- ATight suboccipital muscles and weak longus capitis and longus colli muscles
- BTight erector spinae and weak sternocleidomastoid muscles
- CTight splenius capitis and splenius cervicis muscles and weak multifidus muscles
- DTight erector spinae and weak suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscles
13Motion at a functional unit of the spine is defined by what is occurring with the:
- ASpinous process of the inferior vertebrae.
- BSpinous process of the superior vertebrae.
- CAnterior portion of the body of the inferior vertebrae.
- DAnterior portion of the body of the superior vertebrae.
14The anterior pillar of the spine:
- AIs the weight-bearing portion of the spinal column.
- BConsists of the vertebral bodies and the vertebral arches.
- CIncludes the sternum and the 12 pairs of ribs.
- DProvides the gliding mechanism for movement.
15All of the following are generally true of the nucleus pulposus except:
- AIt takes on and/or releases water in response to compressive loads.
- BIt is covered superiorly and inferiorly by a cartilaginous end-plate.
- CIt is the axis of motion for the functional units of the spine.
- DIt is centrally aligned within the annulus fibrosis at all levels of the spine to provide uniform shock absorption.
16Which of the following best describes scoliosis?
- AA lateral curvature of the spine wherein rotation of the vertebral bodies is toward the convexity of the curve
- BA transverse plane deviation of the vertebrae usually involving the thoracic and lumbar regions
- CAn irreversible lateral curvature with fixed rotation of the vertebrae caused by lordotic posture
- DA collapse of intervertebral space resulting from weakness of the deep segmental muscle of the spine
17The physical therapist has identified several postural muscles as having tight weakness. You know that these muscles need to be:
- AStretched in a lengthened position.
- BStrengthened in a midrange position.
- CStrengthened in a shortened position.
- DStrengthened in a lengthened position.
18The condition in which a patient has impaired posture along with adaptive shortening of soft tissues is which of the following?
- AOveruse syndrome
- BPostural pain syndrome
- CPostural fault
- DPostural dysfunction
19Lumbar lordotic posture is generally accompanied by mobility impairments in any of the following muscles except the:
- AIliopsoas.
- BExternal obliques.
- CRectus femoris.
- DTensor fascia lata.
20A patient with forward head and increased thoracic kyphosis usually needs strengthening to any of the following muscles except the:
- ASternocleidomastoid.
- BScapular retractors.
- CSuprahyoid and infrahyoid muscles.
- DUpper thoracic erector spinae.
21Scoliosis characterized by an irreversible lateral curvature with fixed rotation of the vertebrae is called:
- AAsymmetrical scoliosis.
- BStructural scoliosis.
- CFunctional scoliosis.
- DPostural scoliosis.
22You are asked to provide tactile reinforcement to teach postural alignment. Which of the following muscle groups would not be targeted to contract and hold for correct posture?
- ACervical retractors
- BScapular elevators
- CScapular retractors
- DAbdominals
23Good motions to relieve postural stress in the cervical and upper thoracic regions could include any of the following except:
- AScapular elevation and depression.
- BThoracic flexion.
- CCervical side bends.
- DCervical flexion, then extension.
24Your patient with cervical headaches needs muscle endurance exercises to muscles that provide scapular stabilization. You know to provide exercises to all of the following muscles except the:
- ASerratus anterior.
- BLevator scapula.
- CRhomboids.
- DLower trapezius.
25You need to teach a self-stretch for the scalenes. Which of the following is the correct technique?
- ACorner stretch
- BCapital nods
- CSide-bend the neck to the opposite side and rotate the head toward the side of restriction
- DScapular depression with rotation and flexion to the opposite side
26When side-lying, the best lower extremity position to stretch the tensor fascia lata includes all of the following except:
- AHip flexion.
- BHip extension.
- CHip lateral rotation.
- DHip adduction.
27All of these structures articulate with the spine except the:
- AClavicle.
- BRibs.
- CCranium.
- DPelvis.
28Flexion of the spine:
- AOccurs in the sagittal plane.
- BOccurs in the frontal plane.
- CResults in approximation of the spinous processes.
- DOccurs with a longitudinal force.
29In the balanced upright posture, the gravity line is:
- AAnterior to the hip joint.
- BPosterior to the knee joint.
- CAnterior to the ankle joint.
- DThrough the center of all the vertebral bodies of the trunk.
30Treating the soft tissue of the back:
- AIn principle is no different from treating soft tissues in the extremities.
- BIs more difficult than treating the extremities because of the way it is innervated.
- CIs usually not necessary because most back pain results from dysfunction of the facets or disks.
- DInvolves using heat rather than cold, massage rather than exercise, and principles that in general are different from those used when treating the extremities.
31Disk lesions are more common in the 30 year to 45 year age span because:
- AThe annulus begins degenerating, loses tensile strength, and begins to tear with excessive forces.
- BThe nucleus pulposus changes in chemical composition during this time and is capable of imbibing greater than normal amounts of water, causing greater than normal pressure against pain-sensitive structures.
- CThe facets are wearing out and the entire joint complex is placed under greater stress.
- DThis is not the most common age span for disk lesions.
32One day following onset of pain and muscle guarding in the low back region, your patient stands with lumbar flexion and a sciatic scoliosis. Repeated flexion tests increase pain into the buttock. Repeated extension done after side gliding increases the pain in the midback and decreases the pain in the buttock. You begin treatment by:
- APositioning the patient supine and having him bring both knees to his chest.
- BHaving the patient lie prone and attempting passive extension with press-ups or prone propping maneuvers after side gliding the thorax.
- CPlacing the patient in intermittent traction at less than half his body weight for 20 minutes.
- DPlacing the patient on complete bed rest for at least 4 days, applying modalities and massage during that time.
33Which of the following sacroiliac impairments will probably not respond to muscle energy techniques?
- APosterior rotated innominate
- BPubic symphysis hypomobility
- CUp-slipped innominate
- DAnterior rotated innominate
34All resistive flexion and extension activities and exercises are contraindicated when there is an acute disk lesion because:
- AThey cause increased pain.
- BThey increase the intradiscal pressure.
- CThey cause swelling of the nucleus against pain-sensitive structures.
- DResisted extension is all right—but not flexion because it increases the bulge.
35Following recovery of a posterolateral disk protrusion, your patient will be returning to a job that requires prolonged forward bending and stooping. Your instructions to the patient must include:
- AInterruption of the flexed postures at frequent intervals by standing upright and bending backward.
- BAdvice to quit that job and find one that is sedentary.
- CNo advice—forward bending helps maintain mobility in the spine.
- DPreparing for the forward bending by posterior tilting of the pelvis before bending and stooping.
36Patients with osteoporosis are at high risk for compression fractures of the vertebral bodies. The primary segments of the spine at risk are the thoracolumbar regions. When planning intervention programs for this high-risk population all of the following are appropriate except:
- AInstruct in safe lifting techniques that minimize trunk flexion.
- BStrengthen the abdominals without adding weight-bearing stress on the vertebrae by initiating sit-up exercises.
- CTeach stabilization exercises to develop spinal stability.
- DTeach postural awareness and scapular stabilization techniques to decrease the progression of thoracic kyphosis.
37Your patient has complaints of increasing low back pain during the day. Her job requires repetitive lifting and reaching overhead (25 lb maximum). On examination, you note that on forward bending she has difficulty moving smoothly midrange and that on side bending to the left there is an acute angle in the midlumbar region. Additional tests lead you to hypothesize that she has clinical instability in the midlumbar region. This could be caused by all of the following except:
- APoor neuromuscular control of the deep segmental stabilizing musculature.
- BDegeneration of the intervertebral disk.
- CAdvanced spondylitis.
- DLigamentous laxity.
38Your patient has acute joint trauma to the cervical spinal facets. Every time she attempts neck motions, there is increased pain and muscle guarding. A possible way to maintain integrity in the contractile units of the muscles is to:
- APerform reverse muscle action using gentle scapular motions.
- BApply cold.
- CPerform passive range of motion to the cervical spine.
- DApply heat.
39Your patient has nerve root symptoms and has been diagnosed as having degenerative joint disease of the spine. The approach for treating the cause of the symptoms should be:
- AHeat and massage.
- BInterventions that temporarily increase the size of the intervertebral foramina.
- CIntermittent setting exercises with the extensor muscles in the shortened position.
- DRelaxation exercises, including head rolls and conscious tension-release techniques.
40Extreme caution should be used when manipulating the spine of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. There is high potential for subluxation of the vertebrae and damage to the spinal cord secondary to:
- AJoint effusion.
- BSynovial hypertrophy.
- CLigamentous necrosis.
- DPain.
41All of the following statements are true about functional position (bias) of the spine except:
- AIf there is an extension bias, it means there is a disk lesion.
- BThe functional position may change as tissues heal and the individual gains mobility and strength.
- CA person with a nonweight-bearing bias is sensitive to the effects of gravity and feels greatest relief when lying down.
- DThe functional position is not a static position but a range wherein nontraumatic or safe activity can occur.
42Your patient has signs of an acute lumbar intervertebral disk protrusion. On testing, he experiences decreased symptoms when applying manual traction. To use mechanical traction effectively as part of the treatment plan during the early stages:
- AUse sustained traction for less than 10 minutes with a dosage of at least 50% of the body weight.
- BUse sustained traction for 20 minutes with a dosage of at least 50% of the body weight.
- CUse intermittent traction for 20 minutes with a dosage of at least 50% of the body weight.
- DUse intermittent traction for less than 15 minutes with a dosage of less than 50% of the body weight.
43All of the following are techniques to increase temporomandibular joint (TMJ) motion except:
- APlace tongue blades between the front teeth and progressively adding more as tolerated.
- BPlace your thumb and index finger against the patient’s incisors or molars and press the mandible caudally.
- CInstruct the patient to chew gum for at least 10 minutes, three times a day to build endurance.
- DTeach self-manipulation of the joints by placing dental rolls between the patient’s molars and asking him to bite down while attempting to close the front teeth.
44Your patient complains of facial pain, especially when under tension and when eating. All of the following are appropriate except:
- AJaw relaxation by clicking the tongue and resting the tongue on the hard palate behind the front teeth.
- BStretching and strengthening the muscles of mastication so they can withstand the stress.
- CTeaching the patient extra-oral massage in the region of the masseter and/or temporalis muscle.
- DRelaxation techniques and controlled breathing.
45Which of the following is contraindicated for a patient who has undergone L4/L5 laminectomy?
- AJoint manipulation at the thoracolumbar junction
- BFlexion exercises of the trunk
- CExtension exercises of the trunk
- DStrengthening of the transverse abdominals
46Scheuermann’s disease:
- AIs a rheumatic disorder.
- BResults from weakened vertebral end-plates.
- CBegins with radicular signs that diminish over time.
- DRequires functionally increasing the lumbar lordosis to prevent development of kyphosis.
47The vertebral arteries:
- AEnter the transverse foramen of C6 bilaterally in their course to C1.
- BAre protected in positions of extreme cervical extension.
- CCause tension headaches when they are occluded.
- DAre compromised with severe TMJ dysfunction.
48All of these are reasons to assess the thoracic spine during evaluation of patients who present with cervical spine dysfunction except:
- AThe thoracic spine is prone to hypomobility.
- BThere are common muscle attachments between the cervical and thoracic areas.
- CThe thoracic spine becomes unstable with pain and soft tissue dysfunction in the cervical spine.
- DJoint manipulation performed along with high-velocity thrust of the thoracic spine often improves outcomes in patients with cervical complaints.
49Your patient presents with a chief complaint of headaches with unknown etiology, beginning last week. During the course of the initial assessment you determine that the source of the headache most probably is not musculoskeletal (a cervical headache). Which of the following indicates that a referral to the patient’s physician is appropriate?
- APain or altered sensation in the face or TMJ region
- BReport of sharp pain or spikes in intensity
- CUnilateral headaches or bilateral headaches with one side predominant
- DPain in the neck or suboccipital region that spreads in the head
50The disc injury in which the nucleus has moved beyond the posterior longitudinal ligament is called which of the following?
- ASequestration
- BProtrusion
- CExtrusion
- DHerniation
51Typical pain described by a person with a disc lesion is an increase in pain with any of the following activities except:
- AWalking
- BCoughing
- CStanding
- DSitting
52The general time frame for the acute stage of recovery with a spinal pathology is:
- A1 week
- B2 weeks
- C4 weeks
- D6 weeks
53A patient with a spinal stenosis is most likely to be categorized as having a:
- AExtension bias
- BRotation bias
- CNon-weight-bearing bias
- DFlexion bias
54Your patient has an injury to the posterior longitudinal ligament. She will likely present with symptoms that indicate which of the following?
- AFlexion bias
- BNon-weight-bearing bias
- CExtension bias
- DRotation bias
55Cues to get a patient to activate the deep cervical stabilizing muscles is which of the following?
- AHead flexion and slight flattening of the cervical lordosis
- BHead extension and slight flattening of the cervical lordosis
- CHead flexion and slight increase of the cervical lordosis
- DHead extension and slight increase of the cervical lordosis
56Any of the following interventions are generally indicated in the subacute stage except:
- APatient education
- BModalities
- CCardiopulmonary conditioning
- DMuscle performance
57Your patient is in the acute stage of recovery from a spinal pathology and presents with a non-weight-bearing bias. Any of the following activities are likely to be tolerated except:
- AMechanical traction
- BStationary cycling
- CPartial suspension ambulation on a treadmill
- DStabilization exercises with a buoyancy belt in the deep end of the pool
58The posture that places the least amount of pressure on the lumbar disc is:
- AReclined sitting at 120 degrees
- BStanding
- CSitting upright at 90 degrees
- DSupine
59A progression of exercises for your patient from deep segmental muscle activation could be any of the following except:
- AActivating the deep segmental muscles prior to performing curl-up exercises
- BMaintaining deep segmental control with extremity motions
- CLower extremity weight-bearing exercises
- DMaintaining deep segmental control with functional activities
60For muscle injuries of the spine, gentle isometric exercises should begin with the muscle in which of the following positions?
- AMid-range
- BLengthened
- CShortened
- DDoes not matter with gentle isometric exercises
61Patient education for a client with a temporomandibular disorder includes finding and maintaining the resting position of the jaw. This is which of the following positions?
- ATeeth slightly apart, tongue behind front teeth resting on hard palate
- BTeeth slightly apart, tongue behind front teeth resting on the soft palate
- CTeeth together, tongue behind front teeth off hard palate
- DTeeth together, tongue behind front teeth resting on hard palate
62Common impairments related to a right disk protrusion in the lumbar spine typically include any of the following except:
- AFlexed posture and deviation to the left side.
- BPeripheralization of symptoms with repeated back extensions.
- CPain and muscle guarding.
- DPositive SLR sign between 30 and 60 degrees
63Common impairments related to facet joint pathology typically include any of the following except:
- APain and muscle guarding.
- BIncrease in neurological symptoms with spinal flexion.
- CImpaired posture.
- DPain with repetitive lifting and carrying of heavy objects.
64During the acute stage of recovery from a soft tissue injury in the spinal region, encourage your patients to limit bed rest to:
- A1 day sleeping only side-lying.
- B2 days with intermittent periods of walking.
- C5 days with bathroom breaks.
- D7 days with knees flexed to 45°.
65Dowager’s hump:
- AIs the vertebral lipping seen on radiograph when there is a stress fracture.
- BIs a reference name for an increased thoracic kyphosis.
- CIs the bony necrosis of the vertebrae seen with Scheuermann’s disease.
- DIs a point of muscle tension in either the masseter or temporalis muscle of patients experiencing TMJ dysfunction.
66Which of the following techniques would you choose to treat pubic symphysis impairment?
- AShotgun manipulation technique
- BLumbar traction static for 20 minutes with greater than 50% of body weight
- CMuscle energy using the rectus femoris
- DHigh-velocity thrust
67The position of symptom relief in the acute stage of recovery is also referred to as the:
- AStabilizing position.
- BKinesthetic position.
- CPosition of bias.
- DStress-relief position.
68A prone press-up stretches any of the following structures except the:
- ALumbar extensors.
- BHip flexors.
- CInguinal ligament.
- DLumbar flexors.
Informações
- Descrição
- Quiz sobre Therex Final 1, criado por Alberto Alejandro em 09-06-2019.
- Autor
- Alberto Alejandro
- Idioma
- English
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