Quiz
The Cell chapter 1
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Perguntas do quiz (93)
1What is found in the nucleus?
- Amitochondria, chloroplast, protein synthesis
- Bnucleolus, nucleoplasm, chromosomes
- Cchloroplast, endomembrane, fragment
- Dcytoplasm, vacuole, PM
2What is found in the cytoplasm?
- Acell membrane, intermembrane proteins, integral proteins
- Bcell membrane, plasma membrane. DNA
- Corganelles, inclusion, cytoskeleton
- DRNA, plasma membrane, DNA
3What are the purpose of organelles?
- Ametabolic activity
- BDNA replication
- Cexcretion
- Ddivision
4What are inclusions?
- Agenerate ATP by the Krebs cycle
- Bsynthesize proteins
- Chouse the DNA
- Dmetabolically inert bodies that accumulate metabolic products
5
What are cytoskeleton components?- Acytoplasmic matrix, nucleus, mitochondria
- Bmicrotubules, microfilaments, intermediate filaments, cytoplasmic matrix
- Ccytoplasmic matrix, plasma membrane, endomembrane
- Dcytoplasmic matrix, chloroplast. vacuole
6What is the plasma membrane permeable to?
- Acarbon, large charged molecules
- Bprotein, iron
- Csmall uncharged molecules, protein
- Dwater, small uncharged molecules O2 and CO2
7What are the two types of PM proteins?
- Aintegral and transmembrane
- Battached and loose
- Cseperate and loose
- Dbinding and integral
8What purpose do transmembrane proteins serve?
- A1. transport large nutrient molecules (glucose), 2. iron transport, 3. pumps, 4. active binding of ATP, 5. carrier mediators for endocytosis
- B1. transport large nutrient molecules (glucose), 2. passive ion diffusion, 3. tunnels, 4. receptors, 5. charged transport
- C1. transport large nutrient molecules (glucose), 2. passive ion diffusion, 3. flying, 4. receptors, 5. moving medium particles
- D1. transport large nutrient molecules (glucose), 2. passive ion diffusion, 3. pumps, 4. receptors, 5. carrier mediators for endocytosis
9What is included in the endomembranes?
- AER, golgi, lysosomes, vacuoles, mitochondria
- BER, golgi, lysosomes, vacuoles, cell membrane for a single unit either connected directly or by vesicles
- CER, golgi, lysosomes, vacuoles, chloroplast
- DER, golgi, lysosomes, vacuoles, plasmid
10What is the difference between constitutive and regulated secretion?
- Aconstitutive is destined for secretion into the PM and regulated is released upon a stimulus
- Bconstitutive is destined for endocytosis of PM and regulated is released upon a stimulus
- Cconstitutive is destined for secretion out PM and regulated is inhibited upon a stimulus
- Dconstitutive is destined for secretion out PM and regulated is released upon a stimulus
11How is the endomembrane system studied?
- AAutoradiography (radioisotopes), GFP, subcellular fractionation, genetic mutations
- Bmicroscope, GFP, subcellular fractionation, genetic mutations
- Cdissection, GFP, subcellular fractionation, genetic mutations
- Dsend to canada, GFP, subcellular fractionation, genetic mutations
12What is produced from subcelluar fractionation?
- Avesicles from the nucleus broken, called microsomes
- Bvesicles from nuleus broken, called DNA
- Cvesicles from endomembranes broken, called microsomes
- Dvesicles from nucleus broken, called RNA
13What are properties of rough ER?
- A1. continuous with Golgi, 2. bound with ribosomes, 3. made of network of flat cisternae (sacs), 4. carries soluble proteins to the PM
- B1. continuous with nucleus membrane, 2. bound with ribosomes, 3. made of network of flat cisternae (sacs), 4. carries soluble proteins to integral membrane for secretion
- C1. continuous with nucleus membrane, 2. bound without any ribosomes, 3. made of network of flat cisternae (sacs), 4. carries insoluble proteins to integral transmembrane membrane or secretion
- D1. continuous with nucleus membrane, 2. bound with ribosomes, 3. made of network of tubular cisternae (sacs), 4. carries soluble proteins to integral membrane or secretion out of the PM
14What is the destination of proteins from free ribosomes?
- Aperoxisomes, mitochondria, chloroplast, nucleus, peripheral membrane, cytosol
- Bsalt production, mitochondria, chloroplast, nucleus, peripheral membrane, cytosol
- Ciron deficiency, mitochondria, chloroplast, nucleus, peripheral membrane, cytosol
- Dperoxisomes, nuclear synthesis, chloroplast, nucleus, peripheral membrane, cytosol
15Where is rough ER most developed?
- Aliver, pancreas, a kidney
- Bliver, pancreas, lungs
- Cliver, pancreas, spleen
- Dliver, pancreas, salivary glands (high protein secretion)
16Where is smooth ER mostly found?
- Asmooth muscle, kidney, tubules, steroid producting endocrine cells
- Bskeletal muscle, kidney, tubules, steroid producting endocrine cells
- Cmembranous sacs, kidney, tubules, steroid producting endocrine cells
- Dinclusions, kidney, tubules, diaphgram
17What does the smooth ER do?
- Asynthesize lipids, oils, and steroids, detox and biosynthesize, release G6P for glycolysis, controls Ca++ in muscles
- Bsynthesize lipids, and steroids, detox and biosynthesize, metabolizes ATP
- Csynthesize proteins, oils, and steroids, detox and biosynthesize, release G6P for glycolysis,
- Dsynthesize DNA, RNA, and steroids, detox and biosynthesize, secrete hormones
18What are properties of the golgi complex?
- Amodifies, packages, and ships stuff around cell membranes only
- Bmodifies, packages, and ships DNA only around cell
- Cmodifies, packages, and ships salt around cell
- Dmodifies, packages, and ships stuff around cell, cis side faces ER and trans side faces PM
19What three reactions involve the mitochondria?
- Akreb cycle, electron transport chain, beta oxidation
- Bkreb cycle, photosynthesis, beta oxidation
- Ckreb cycle, protein synthesis, beta oxidation
- Dkreb cycle, exocytosis, beta oxidation
20Where are lysosomes most present?
- APM and phagocytes
- Bgolgi and phagocytes
- Cleukocytes and phagocytes
- DDNA and phagocytes
21What enzymes are involved with peroxisomes?
- Aurate oxidase, d amino oxidase, catalase
- Bamylase, d amino oxidase
- Ceurodase, d amino oxidase, catalase
- Daminose, urate oxidase, catalase
22Where are microfilaments?
- Ain the skeletal tissue
- Bin cartilage of the bones
- Cmuscles cells predominantly
- Dskeletal cells only
23What is the difference between necrosis and apoptosis?
- ANecrosis is a tissue injury, apoptosis is programed death of cell tissue
- BNecrosis is a mechanical injury, apoptosis is programed death
- CNecrosis is a tissue texture injury, apoptosis is programed death of insects
- DNecrosis is a mechanical injury of the bones, apoptosis is programed death of bone marrow
24What is the purpose of organelles?
- Acarry on specific functions
- Bbring in foreign substances into the cell by endocytosis
- Cmetabolically active
- Dhelp with the fluidity of the cell membrane
25What are inclusions?
- Acontain microfilaments
- Bthey are metabolically inert
- Cmetabolically active
- Daccumulate metabolic products
26The living matter of any plant or animal cell is called the protoplasm.
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27A single unit of protoplasm is called a cell.
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28Plants, animals and humans consist of groups of interdependent cells.
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29The cell or plasma membrane is very thin, selectively permeable (more permeable to lipids than to aqueous substances).
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30The cell or plasma membrane is a lipid bilayer containing lipids, proteins and carbohydrates.
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31The cell or plasma membrane contains special transport systems such as active transport which are available for charged particles such as Na, K, Cl.
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32The cell or plasma membrane has two kinds of proteins embedded: Integral and transmembrane. [blank_start]Transmembrane[blank_end] proteins are positioned across the PM.
- ATransmembrane
- BIntegral
33Transmembrane proteins of the PM transport nutrients, glucose, and amino acids among others.
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34Transmembrane proteins of the PM form channels for passive diffusions of ions.
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35Transmembrane proteins of the PM form pumps for Na, K, H, and Ca.
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36Transmembrane proteins of the PM form receptors for neurotransmitters/hormones.
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37Transmembrane proteins of the PM function as carrier mediated endocytosis proteins.
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38The nucleus is spherical, stains dark purple or blue with H & E and contains chromatin which contains genetic material DNA and RNA.
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39The nucleus has double membranes and the nuclear envelope contains nuclear pores.
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40The chromatin consists of ribonucleoproteins and histones.
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41The nucleolus is retractile, eccentric and basophilic.
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42Human somatic cells have 46 chromosomes (diploid or 2n) and germ cells have 23 chromosomes (haploid or n).
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43Abnormal cells exhibit polyploidy.
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44In dividing cells chromosomes become visible and are [blank_start]basophilic[blank_end].
- Abasophilic
- Bnucleophilic
- Ceosinophilic
45The endomembrane system includes which of the following organelles:
- AEndoplasmic reticulum
- BGolgi apparatus
- CEndosomes
- DLysosomes
- EVacuoles
- FMitochondria
- GPeroxisomes
- HChloroplasts
- ICytosol
46Cytosol is a fluid containing electrolytes and colloids.
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47The Endomembranes are composed of different membranes that are suspended in the cytoplasm.
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48The Endomembranes divide cells into functional compartments or organelles.
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49The Endomembranes include nuclear envelope, the endoplasmic reticulum, the Golgi complex, the lysosomes, the vacuoles and the cell membranes.
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50The Endomembranes are more accurately defined as the set of membranes that form a single functional unit, either connected together directly, or by exchanging material through vesicle transport.
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51EM are dynamic and are an integrated network.
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52Materials (proteins) in EM are shuttled back and forth from one part of cell to the other.
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53Endomembrane subcellular fractionation is the study of EM, Involves homogenization of tissues and produces spherical vesicles from broken nuclei, mitochondria, plasma membranes and endomembranes.
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54Study of Endomembranes include:
- AAutoradiography – use of radioisotopes
- BIncubation of molecules
- CUse of Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP)
- DSubcellular Fractionation
- EIsotopic heating of molecules
- FGenetic Mutants
55In subcellular fractionation, vesicles derived from endomembrane systems form a collection of similar sized vesicles referred to as microsomes.
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56Supernatant 1 is centrifuged at 1000 X g for 20 min (pellet with nuclei and intact cells; supernatant 2 called nuclear fraction).
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57Liver homogenate is left at gravity for 20 min (pellet with cell debris; supernatant 1).
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58Supernatant 2 is centrifuged at 10,000 X g for 20 min (pellet with mitochondria and lysosomes; supernatant 3 called mitochondrial fraction).
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59Supernatant 3 is centrifuged at 100,000 X g for 1-2 hr (pellet with microsomes and ribosomes; supernatant 4 called microsomal fraction)
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60Supernatant 4 is centrifuged at 100,000-500,000 X g for several hours (pellet with proteins and nucleic acids; supernatant 5 called cytosol.
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61There are two types or endoplasmic reticulum known – Rough and Smooth ER.
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62The composition of luminal or cisternal space inside the ER is quite different from that of surrounding cytosolic space.
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63The Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) is a system of membranes that enclose a space or lumen that is separated from surrounding cytosol.
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64The RER has ribosomes bound to its cytosolic surface and the SER DOES NOT.
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65The RER is typically composed of a network of flattened sacs (cisternae).
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66The RER is continuous with the outer membrane of nuclear envelope which also bears ribosomes on its cytosolic surface.
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67The cells that secrete large amounts of proteins, such as liver, pancreas or salivary glands, have extensive RER
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68Protein synthesis in cells takes place at 2 locations:
- AOn mitochondria
- BOn Free Ribosomes
- COn the cell membrane
- DOn Ribosomes attached to RER
- EOn chloroplasts
69Proteins synthesized on ribosomes attached to RER are:
- AThose that are accumulated by the mitochondria
- BIntegral membrane proteins
- CSoluble proteins residing inside endomembranes
- DInsoluble proteins found externally
- EProteins secreted from the cell
- FIons found externally
70Proteins synthesized on free ribosomes
- AProteins to be incorporated into peroxisomes, mitochondria and chloroplasts
- BProteins to be excreted in feces
- CProteins destined to remain in the cytosol
- DProteins secreted in urine
- EProteins that are transported to nucleus
- FPeripheral plasma membrane proteins
71Membranous elements of SER are typically tubular.
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72The SER Form an interconnecting system of pipelines curving through the cytoplasm.
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73SER is extensively developed in cells of skeletal muscle, kidney tubules, and steroid producing endocrine cells.
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74When homogenized, the SER fragments into smooth-surfaced vesicles (called microsomes) and RER into rough-surfaced vesicles.
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75The SER is involved in:
- ASynthesis of lipids including oils, phospholipids and steroids.
- BSynthesis of protein for the body
- CAs sarcoplasmic reticulum it sequesters and releases Ca++ in muscles fibers
- DSynthesis of mitchondria
- ECarbohydrate metabolism - Release of glucose-6-phosphate in liver cells
- FSynthesis of chloroplasts
- GDetoxication and bioactivation of a variety of organic compounds - microsomal enzymes
76Golgi Complex (GC):
- ATransport accomplished by membrane vesicles
- BConsists of cisternae
- CSite of concentration, modification, packaging and shipping of synthesized products
- DCis-face toward ER and trans-face toward PM
- EConsists of the ETS for energy
- FA network of tubules with double membranes
77Characteristics of mitochondria include: they are powerhouses of cells, slender, rod like, double membrane structures.
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78The mitochondria have a Inner membrane extensively folded forming cristae.
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79The mitochondria are present in greater numbers in active cells generating ATP.
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80The mitochondria has three principle reaction cycles:
•Krebs cycle and β-oxidation of fatty acids in mitochondrial matrix and
•Electron transport chain in mitochondrial membranes- AVerdadeiro
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81The mitochondria are self duplicating, have their own DNA and ribosomes and called semiautonomous.
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82Lysosomes
•Membrane bound dense bodies
•Contain hydrolytic enzymes for intracellular digestion
•Most active in leukocytes and phagocytes
Involved in endocytosis forming endosomes- AVerdadeiro
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83Peroxisomes
•Membrane bound
•Generate H2O2 as a by-product or oxidative reactions
•Enzymes – urate oxidase, D-amino oxidase and catalase- AVerdadeiro
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84Microtubules (MT) are Hollow tubules, have walls made of protofilaments (a polymer of tubulin), and function in maintenance of cell shape.
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85Microfilaments (MF)
•Examples - G and F-actin forming actin filament, myosin, filamin (in PM), ankyrin and spectrin (red blood cells), dystrophin (muscle cells)
•Specialized in muscle cells – for contractility of protoplasm- AVerdadeiro
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86Intermediate Filaments
•Diameter in between MT and MF – examples vimentin, desmin, keratin, neurofilaments and glial filaments- AVerdadeiro
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87Cytoplasmic Matrix
•A central domain (endoplasm) and a peripheral domain (ectoplasm)- AVerdadeiro
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88Cell division includes mitosis and meiosis.
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89Cell Locomotion
•Ameboid movement of leukocytes; in cells in close contact; villi and microvilli are involved
•Cell movement may be random or directional; directional movement is called chemotaxis- AVerdadeiro
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90Movement within Cells
•Organelles, vesicles, chromosomes move within the cell using Motor molecules such as dynein, kinesin and Myosin-1- AVerdadeiro
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91Necrosis – mechanical injury, toxins or anoxia.
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92Apoptosis – active and programmed cell death.
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93Normal cell life span is from a few days to 80 years or more.
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Informações
- Descrição
- Quiz sobre The Cell chapter 1, criado por Ruben De Santiago em 14-01-2021.
- Autor
- Ruben De Santiago
- Idioma
- English
- Visualizações
- 5
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