Quiz
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Perguntas do quiz (200)
1PGA conducts a study in which they use a simple random sample of 600 golfers. They examine the data from the sample and calculate that 28% of them own golf clubs made in the USA. The 28% is the:
- Aaverage handicap of these golfers.
- Bsample statistic.
- Cpopulation mean for all golfers.
- Dpopulation parameter.
- ENone of the above
2Jane Doe wants to administer a short survey on "student driving habits" to a representative sample of students at the local university. She secured a list of students from the student directory. She assigned each student a unique number and then used a random number table to select her sample. Jane Doe is most likely using a:
- Aquota sample technique.
- Bprobability sampling technique.
- Ccluster sample technique.
- Dstatistical inference.
- Ejudgment sampling technique.
3If we were to ask college students "To what extent do they value a college degree?" which type of sample plan would be most appropriate?
- AAny probability sampling plan would be useful.
- BA stratified sample because we would expect the answers to vary by strata: freshmen, sophomore, junior, and senior.
- CA cluster sample because we would expect the answers to vary by cluster: freshmen, sophomore, junior, and senior.
- DAn area sample because we would expect the answers to vary by area: freshmen, sophomore, junior, and senior.
- ENone of the above would be appropriate. In fact, it would be best to use a nonprobability sampling technique.
4There is a trade-off between the confidence level and the degree of precision of the estimate when the:
- Apopulation is finite.
- Bsample size is fixed.
- Csample size varies.
- Dpopulation is infinite.
- Esample size is small.
5Which of the following estimated population proportions would require the largest size sample to estimate it with a specified degree of precision and confidence?
- A0.50
- B0.40
- C0.10
- D0.90
- E1.00
6Which of the following estimated population proportions would require the largest size sample to estimate it with a specified degree of precision and confidence?
- A0.50
- B0.40
- C0.10
- D0.90
- E1.00
7Which of the following statements is most accurate regarding the relationship between sample size and the sample representativeness?
- AThere is no relation between the size of a sample and the representativeness of the population from which it is drawn.
- BThere is a strong positive relationship between the size of a sample and the representativeness of the population from which it is drawn.
- CYou cannot have a representative sample unless the sample size is equal to or exceeds ten percent of the population.
- DSample size determines representativeness but only if the sample plan is a probability sampling plan.
- ENone of the above.
8What three factors are needed to calculate sample size?
- AVariability, precision, and confidence.
- BVariability, precision, and population size.
- CPrecision, confidence, and population size.
- DPrecision, population size, and costs.
- ENone of the above.
9Sample size (n) is related to the degree of the confidence (1-alpha) in that the:
- Alarger the degree of confidence, the larger the sample size.
- Bsmaller the degree of confidence, he larger the sample size.
- Csample size would be the same irrespective of the degree of confidence.
- Dsample size formula is related to z and not to the degree f confidence.
- ENone of the above.
10The difference between the observed values of a variable and the long-run average of the observed values in repetitions of the measurement is (the):
- Anonresponse error.
- Bnonsampling error.
- Csampling error.
- Dnoncoverage error.
- Eoffice error.
11Sampling errors can be decreased by:
- Adecreasing the number of observations.
- Bincreasing the sample size.
- Cproviding better training for interviewers.
- Dimproving the data collection method.
- Eusing a quota sample.
12Nonsampling errors occur because of errors in:
- Aconceptionalization of the response project.
- Breporting the results of a project.
- Carithmetic.
- Dinterpreting respondent replies.
- EAll of the above are nonsampling errors.
13Which of the following is FALSE?
- AIt is not difficult to estimate the size and effects of nonsampling errors.
- BReduction of nonsampling error depends on improving method.
- CNonsampling errors are not as manageable as sampling errors.
- DNonsampling errors arise from weaknesses in research procedure. They are likely to increase with increases in the sample size.
- ENonsampling errors contribute more than sampling errors to total error in most surveys.
14The best way to reduce nonsampling errors is to:
- Aincrease sample size.
- Bimprove data collection techniques.
- Coffer incentives to respondents.
- Dsubstitute the next house on the block for not-at-homes.
- ENonsampling errors cannot be reduced.
15Which of the following is TRUE?
- ANoncoverage, nonsampling error is best treated by increasing the sample size that is selected.
- BNoncoverage, nonsampling error is essentially a sampling frame problem and if clear, complete, up-to-date sampling frames exist, noncoverage is not likely to be a problem.
- CWhile noncoverage can be a source of bias, overcoverage is not. In fact, overcoverage may improve estimates as it means that the sample size is larger than initially planned at no increase in cost.
- DNoncoverage bias is essentially eliminated with quota samples.
- ENoncoverage error can be statistically estimated.
16A researcher investigating the consumption of sugar takes a random sample from the population and computes the mean sugar consumption. He repeats the procedure a number of times using the exact same procedure, and finds the means obtained vary from sample to sample. This is an example of:
- Asystematic error.
- Bsampling error.
- Cnonsampling error.
- Dnoncoverage error.
- Eresponse error.
17Increasing sample size ____ but may also ____.
- Adecreases sampling error, increase nonsampling error
- Bhas no influence on sampling error, increase nonsampling error
- Cincreases nonsampling error, increase sampling error
- Dincreases sampling error, increase nonsampling error
- Edecreases nonsampling error, decrease sampling error
18Failure to include some units, or entire sections, of the defined survey population in the actual operational sampling frame represents:
- Anoncoverage error.
- Bnonresponse error.
- Csampling error.
- Drandom error.
- Eobservation error.
19Which of the following is NOT an example of a nonsampling error?
- AUsing a telephone directory as a sampling frame.
- BChoosing a quota sample by strictly adhering to the response instructions.
- CUsing a city map purchased in a gas station as the sampling frame.
- DUsing state car title records as a sampling frame.
- EAll of the above are examples of non-sampling errors.
20Which of the following is essentially a sampling frame problem?
- ARefusals
- BNo one at home
- CObservation errors
- DNoncoverage errors
- EDesignated respondent not at home when interviewer calls
21Which of the following is typically estimated by comparing the sample survey results with some outside criterion?
- ACoding errors
- BSampling errors
- CNoncoverage errors
- DNonresponse errors
- ERefusal errors
22Noncoverage error is not a problem for which of the following sampling frames?
- APhone book
- BMailing list
- CMap
- DNone of the above have a potential noncoverage problem.
- EAll of the above potentially have a noncoverage problem.
23The owner of Patty's Pizza Parlor wants to measure consumer awareness of the restaurant and uses the local telephone directory to draw a sample from which to survey the townspeople. However, some people do not have a telephone. This represents what type of problem?
- ASampling error
- BNonresponse error
- CNoncoverage error
- DResponse error
- EOffice error
24Which of the following statements is TRUE?
- AFor most surveys, overcoverage is more common than noncoverage.
- BNoncoverage error is not a problem in every survey.
- CNoncoverage bias can be reduced by increasing the sample size.
- DFamilies with several phone listings have a lower probability of being included in the sample than do sampling units with one listing.
- EAll of the above statements are false.
25Which of the following is FALSE?
- ANonresponse error is a potential problem in any project for which data are not collected from all respondents selected for the sample.
- BNonresponse error only occurs when those who respond are systematically different from those who do not respond in some important way.
- CRefusal bias applies to projects using all forms of data collection.
- DThe degree of nonresponse error is easy to assess.
- EAll of the above statements are true.
26The probability of finding someone home is greater for:
- Ahigh-income families.
- Blow-income families.
- Crural families.
- Durban families.
- EBoth b and c.
27Nonresponse error represents:
- Aa measure of the difference between the size of the population and the size of the sample.
- Bthe number of sampling units not contacted on the first attempt.
- Ca random distribution of unanswered questions.
- Da failure to obtain information from sampling units.
- Ea uniform distribution of uncontacted respondents.
28A random sample of 5,000 households are selected for interviews with the following results:
1,010 completed interviews
864 refusals by the respondent
3,126 no answer/not at home
The response rate is:- A19%.
- B20%.
- C36%.
- D38%.
- E51%.
29Which of these contributes to the nonresponse bias in a telephone survey?
Let 1 = no answer
2 = not at home when contacted
3 = disconnected
4 = refused to participate in the study- A1, 2
- B1, 2, 3
- C3, 4
- D2, 4
- E1, 2, 3, 4
30Which of the following is FALSE?
- AThe main sources of nonresponse bias are not-at-homes and refusals.
- BThe type of incentive used to reduce nonresponse may create another potential bias.
- CTechnological advancements have helped researchers overcome the not-at-home problem.
- DUsing incentives to reduce the nonresponse rate may inflate response errors.
- ENot-at-homes and refusals are both sources of error in telephone surveys.
31Which of the following is typically NOT effective in reducing the incidence and problem of not-at-homes?
- AMaking advance appointments by telephone
- BEmploying callbacks
- CSubstitution of neighboring dwelling units
- DInterviewer judgment in scheduling calls
- EThey are all typically effective
32An interviewer finds that a subject is not at home; to complete his sample, he substitutes the nearest available subject for the missing subject. This practice is:
- Areasonable and provides accurate results.
- Bnot recommended as it complicates the problems by increasing the proportion of at-homes in the sample.
- Crecommended even though it increases the proportion of at-homes.
- Dunreasonable although the results are generally accurate.
- Eprobably the best available technique for handling the not-at-home problem.
33During a recent telephone survey, the data collection effort produced the following results: completed interviews = 400; refusals = 200; not-at-home = 400
What is the response rate in this particular situation?- A67%
- B44%
- C100%
- D40%
- E50%
34Which of the following is TRUE?
- AThe percentage of not-at-homes has been decreasing for a long time.
- BAnswering machines help interviewers schedule callback times.
- CIt is much easier to find a "responsible adult" at home than a specific respondent.
- DOne to two calls are often needed to reach three-fourths of the sample of households.
- ETo maintain consistency, callbacks should be made at the same time as the original call
35The refusal problem is the main source of nonresponse bias for a(n):
- Ainterview.
- Bcompletely randomized experimental design.
- Cmail survey.
- Dfield study.
- Epanel.
36Blame for response errors is usually assigned to:
- Athe researcher.
- Bthe respondent.
- CBoth a and b.
- Dnobody since it is no one's fault.
- Enobody since response errors do not cause significant problems.
37The rate of refusals depends on the:
- Arespondent attitude at the time of initial contact.
- Breason for the contact.
- Cplace where contact was initiated.
- DBoth a and b.
- Ea, b, and c.
38The empirical evidence suggests which of the following does NOT affect the refusal rate?
- ANature of the respondent
- BSponsor of the research
- CNature of the subject
- DCircumstances surrounding the contact
- EThey all affect the refusal rate.
39Which of the following statements concerning response errors is FALSE?
- ARespondents who understand a question may not always provide a truthful answer to the question.
- BIt is possible that a respondent may understand a question correctly but not actually know the answer to the question.
- CProviding a "don't know" response category will often create difficulties in data analysis.
- DPre-testing the questionnaire with members of the relevant population is generally not effective at eliminating problems due to respondents misunderstanding questionnaire items.
- EAll of the above statements are true.
40Refusals are a more important source of nonresponse bias than the not-at-home problem in:
- Apersonal interviews.
- Bmail surveys.
- Ctelephone surveys.
- DBoth a and b.
- ENot-at-homes are always a more important source of error than refusals.
41Which of the following has NOT been shown to be effective in decreasing the number of refusals?
- AThe use of incentives
- BConvincing the respondent of the value of the research
- CUse of experienced interviewers
- DGuarantees of anonymity
- EThey have all been shown to be effective.
42Effective strategy(ies) to increase initial response rates is(are):
- Aask respondent to complete a simple task at the beginning.
- Boffer respondents money for cooperation.
- Cuse a good quota sampling plan.
- DBoth a and b.
- Ea, b, and c.
43The respondent's cooperation will NOT be encouraged by:
- Aconvincing the respondent of the value of the research.
- Bchoosing an appropriate interviewer.
- Ctraining the interviewer properly.
- Dguaranteeing that the replies will be confidential.
- Easking sensitive questions.
44While collecting data by conducting personal interviews in homes, Jake interviews the most accessible individual within the household, rather than using random selection. This increases the potential of:
- Asampling error.
- Bresponse bias.
- Cnonresponse error.
- Doffice error.
- EBoth a and b.
45Student researchers collected data on name awareness of a local store. The researchers found that three-fourths of the people who refused to respond were members of the Greek system. If the Greek students who refused to participate in the survey were truly different on some key dimension from those who actually responded to the survey, ____ error could bias the research results.
- Aobservation
- Bsampling
- Cresponse
- Dnonresponse
- Enoncoverage
46Which of the following is FALSE?
- ANew sources of nonsampling error are being discovered all the time.
- BA large sample is much more likely to produce a "valid" result than a small sample is.
- CTotal error, rather than any single type of error, is the key in a research investigation.
- DSampling error can be estimated.
- ENonsampling error is usually more troublesome than sampling error.
47Low response rates may indicate:
- Alack of interest among respondents.
- Bfailure to gain the intended respondents' attention.
- Cpoor questionnaire design.
- DBoth a and b.
- Ea, b, and c.
48The response rate functions to:
- Aassess the likely influence of nonresponse error on the study's results.
- Bserve as an indicator of the overall quality of a data collection effort.
- Cassess the degree of response error.
- DBoth a and b.
- Ea, b, and c.
49To avoid low response rates, it is recommended that researchers:
- Aconduct thorough exploratory research.
- Bperform pre-testing of the questionnaire.
- Cuse a large sample size.
- DBoth a and b.
- EBoth b and c.
50An accounting firm decided to conduct a survey among its past clients. A sample of 500 clients was randomly selected to receive a mail survey. A total of 175 clients responded to the survey; 30 of the mailing addresses were not valid. The response rate on the project would be correctly calculated as:
- A85%.
- B65%.
- C37%.
- D35%.
- E17%.
51The response rate formula for a telephone survey where there is no eligibility requirement excludes:
- Arefusals.
- Bwrong numbers.
- Cnot-at-homes.
- Dcompleted interviews.
- EAll of the above are included in the response rate formula for a telephone survey where there is no eligibility requirement.
52To identify whether potential respondents meet eligibility requirements, an interviewer will typically use a(n):
- Aeligibility percentage.
- Bleading question.
- Cloaded question.
- Dscreening question.
- Ealternative questionnaire.
53The ____ is used to adjust the number of refusals and not-at-homes to reflect the fact that many of them would not have qualified to participate in the survey even had we successfully contacted them and gotten them to agree to participate.
- Aeligibility percentage
- Bscreening question
- Ccontact rate
- Dresponse rate
- ENone of the above.
54Which method of data collection has traditionally produced the lowest response rates?
- APersonal interviews in homes
- BTelephone surveys
- CMail surveys
- DPersonal interviews in shopping malls
- EAll of the above produce roughly equivalent response rates.
55Student researchers randomly selected 1000 telephone numbers from the local telephone directory and attempted to contact each household. Here are the final results of the calls:
completed interviews 409
refusals 73
not-at-homes 182
ineligibles 284
nonworking numbers 52
NARREND
46. Refer to Exhibit 17.1. What is eligibility percentage in this particular situation?- A69%
- B31%
- C28%
- D41%
- E59%
56Student researchers randomly selected 1000 telephone numbers from the local telephone directory and attempted to contact each household. Here are the final results of the calls:
completed interviews 409
refusals 73
not-at-homes 182
ineligibles 284
nonworking numbers 52
Refer to Exhibit 17.1. What is the response rate in this particular situation?- A80%
- B73%
- C70%
- D62%
- E41%
57Research evidence supports the contention that:
- Athe gender of respondents and interviewers does NOT influence the answers in a survey.
- Bblack interviewers are likely to obtain more information on consumption expenditures in a predominantly white neighborhood.
- Cit is better to have an old interviewer interview a young respondent and vice versa so as to keep the interview from wandering off the intended topic into areas of mutual interest.
- Dthe further the social distance between the interviewer and the respondent the greater the bias.
- Ebackground factors of interviewer and interviewee do NOT generally influence the information obtained.
58Which of the following does NOT lead to response bias?
- AErrors in asking questions
- BErrors in recording answers
- CErrors in probing when additional information is required
- DErrors due to cheating
- EA poorly specified sampling frame
59The primary way to control potential bias due to interviewer's attitudes, opinions, perceptions, etc., is through:
- Amatching the backgrounds of the interviewer and interviewee.
- Btraining the interviewer.
- Crecruiting interviewers with similar socioeconomic backgrounds.
- Dconducting the survey using a rigid set of procedures which the interviewers must follow.
- Erequiring the interviewer to complete the questionnaire so that it can be determined if there is a pattern between the interviewer's answers and the answers he or she secures when administering the questionnaire.
60The lower the response rate, the:
- Amore likely it is that response error will affect research results.
- Bless likely it is that response error will affect research results.
- Cmore likely it is that noncoverage error will affect research results.
- Dless likely it is that nonresponse error will affect research results.
- Emore likely it is that nonresponse error will affect research results.
61Interviewers can make errors in asking any type of question; however, it is a particular problem with which of the following?
- AMultiple-choice questions
- BDichotomous questions
- CScale type of questions
- DOpen-ended questions
- EStructured questions
62Which of the following leads to response bias?
- AErrors in asking questions
- BErrors in recording answers
- CErrors in probing when additional information is required
- DErrors due to cheating
- EAll of the above.
63Commercial research firms typically validate ____ of completed interviews.
- A100%
- B80 to 100%
- C60 to 70%
- D10 to 20%
- E20 to 30%
64Which of the following statements concerning response incentives is FALSE?
- AMonetary incentives often have the greatest influence on response rates.
- BIt probably isn't advisable to give more than $1 for completing a survey.
- CLarge amounts of money are more effective than smaller amounts of money at increasing response rates.
- DA "gift" can be more psychologically motivating than "wages."
- EAll of the above are true.
65Which of the following is TRUE?
- AShort surveys are more likely to be completed than are long surveys.
- BHand-addressed envelopes may increase response rates.
- CRespondents are more likely to open an envelope that has been stamped rather than one that has been sent through a postage meter.
- DBoth a and b.
- Ea, b, and c.
66Errors introduced into the study during data processing are:
- AType I errors.
- Bnonobservation errors.
- Csampling errors.
- Dtotal errors.
- Eoffice errors.
67Which of the following are office errors?
- ANot-at-homes
- BRefusals
- CInterviewer cheating
- DCoding
- EResponse errors
68In terms of error in research investigations, the key is:
- Atotal error.
- Bsampling error.
- Cnonresponse error.
- Dsystematic error.
- Eobservation error.
69In a mail survey, 500 questionnaires were sent out but only 200 were returned.
- AThis survey has random sampling error.
- BThis survey has a response bias.
- CThis survey has nonresponse error.
- DThis survey suffers from deliberate falsification.
- ENone of the above.
70If we define our population as all households in the city of Chicago, Illinois, and we use the Chicago telephone directory from which to draw our sample units, we would likely have a:
- Arepresentative survey.
- Bsurvey containing error.
- Csurvey with a poorly defined master list.
- Dsurvey with sample frame error.
- Esurvey with no error.
71Which of the following method(s) can be used to determine if nonresponse error is likely to be a problem in a particular study?
- AContact a sample of nonrespondents.
- BCompare respondent demographics against known demographics of population.
- CConduct an analysis of late respondents vs. early respondents.
- DAll of the above.
- ENone of the above.
72Much nonsampling error occurs during "data collection" process in the field. These "data collection" errors may be divided into
- AData error in; data error out.
- BNoncoverage error and nonrespondent error.
- CIntentional error and office error.
- DResponse error and office error.
- ENone of the above.
73Which of the following methods used to reduce nonresponse error is best for reducing the number of not-at-homes, busy signals, and no answers in a telephone survey?
- AAdvance notification
- BMonetary incentives
- CCallback
- DContact them in person
- ENone of the above.
74The process of editing involves:
- Acategorizing the data.
- Bcounting the number of cases that fall into the various categories.
- Cinspecting and correcting each questionnaire or observation form.
- Ddeveloping dummy tables that suggest how each item of information will be used before data is collected.
- Etransforming the raw data into symbols.
75The main aim of editing is to:
- Aensure that the analysis is valid.
- Bimpose maximum quality standards on the raw data.
- Cestablish a balance between costs and accuracy.
- Destablish codes for the raw data.
- Eestablish minimum quality standards for the raw data.
76Which of the following might NOT be an appropriate strategy for dealing with missing information on a questionnaire?
- AThrow out the entire questionnaire.
- BOverlook the missing information and code the remaining answers.
- CSubstitute information based on the responses of similar respondents.
- DBoth a and c only.
- EAll of the above might be appropriate.
77Which of the following is TRUE?
- AWhen preparing data for computer analysis, it is advisable to use alphabetic characters to code the data rather than numbers since alphabetic characters allow 26 codes per column while numbers only allow 10; thus, one can minimize the number of computer records per observation with alphabetic characters.
- BWhen preparing data for computer analysis, it is advisable to use as few records per observation as possible and thus the use of multiple entries per column is strongly recommended.
- CWhen a questionnaire requires more columns of code than will fit in a record, researchers should allow for a record sequence number along with a respondent identification number on each computer record.
- DA researcher is coding a variable that has ten possible answers. The researcher needs to provide two columns in the computer record when developing the codebook.
- EData should be collapsed across groups when coding.
78Which of the following statements is(are) true regarding coding?
- AThe classes should always be mutually exclusive and exhaustive.
- BMultiple responses should never be coded.
- CCoding closed-ended questions is more difficult than coding open-ended questions.
- DAlphabetic codes should be assigned to the classes.
- EBoth a and b are true statements.
79The most difficult questions to code are:
- Aopen-ended questions.
- Bdichotomous questions.
- Cquestions using Stapel scales.
- Dmultichotomous questions.
- Equestions using Likert scales.
80Consider the following categories of ages.
18-24
25-34
35-44
45-54
55 and over
They are _____ and _____, but not _____.- Aclosed-ended, exhaustive, mutually exhaustive
- Bopen-ended, mutually exclusive, exhaustive
- Cclosed-ended, mutually exclusive, exhaustive
- Dexhaustive, mutually exclusive, open-ended
- ENone of the above.
81Which of the following is NOT a recommended coding convention?
- AUse as many columns as necessary for the field.
- BLocate only one character in each column.
- CUse alphabetic codes if possible.
- DUse consistent codes for similar types of responses.
- ECode in an identification number for each questionnaire.
82Which of the following questions do you think would be the easiest to code?
- AWhat are the three characteristics that you find most pleasing when using product X?
- BHave you ever used product X? _____ Yes _____ No
- CWhat religious denomination do you consider yourself?
- DPlease specify the type of television set in your home?
- EHow do you feel about commercials on children's TV shows?
83Which of the following is FALSE with respect to the coding of open-ended questions?
- AThe use of several coders can lead to inconsistent treatment of answers.
- BOpen-ended questions are generally more difficult to code than closed-ended questions.
- CThe coder must determine categories on the basis of answers that are not always anticipated.
- DCoding open-ended questions is typically less expensive than coding closed-ended questions.
- EWhen the task requires multiple coders, each coder should be assigned parts of the questionnaire for all questionnaires rather than a subset of the questionnaires.
84When coding data for computer analysis, which of the following is NOT recommended?
- AUse only one symbol per column in the computer record.
- BUse alphabetic characters and special characters.
- CAssign as many columns to a variable as is necessary to capture the variable, e.g., two columns would need to be assigned to a question with 20 possible answers.
- DUse standard codes like "8" for all "No answers" and "9" for all "Don't know" throughout the study.
- ELeave data ungrouped.
85The location of each variable in the data array and the way in which it was coded is contained in a:
- Adiary.
- Brandom file
- Ccodebook.
- Dfocus group.
- Ecatalog.
86The BEST way to handle missing items when analyzing the data is to:
- Aleave the item blank and report the number blank as a separate category.
- Beliminate the case with the missing item in analyses using the variable.
- Csubstitute values for the missing item.
- Deliminate the case from all further analyses.
- EThere is no single best way for handling missing items.
87Which of the following statements about the coding process is FALSE?
- ADuring the coding process, data are categorized.
- BRaw data are transformed into symbols during the coding process.
- CCoding involves judgment on the part of the coder.
- DThe coding process occurs almost automatically.
- EAll of the above statements about the coding process are true.
88Which of the following statements is TRUE?
- AQuestionnaires that omit complete sections should not automatically be thrown out.
- BA study in which all the returned questionnaires are completely filled out is common.
- CQuestionnaires containing only isolated instances of item nonresponse should be retained.
- DBoth a and c.
- Ea, b, and c.
89A data-entry operator was having a bad day while inputting data from your research project. He occasionally entered "9" when meaning to enter "3". This is an example of a(n) _____.
- Agaffe
- Bblunder
- Ccodebook error
- Doutlier
- Enonresponse error
90Which of the following strategies for handling missing data makes maximum use of the data?
- ASubstituting values for the missing data.
- BReporting the number of blanks as a separate category.
- CEliminating the case with the missing data in analyses using the variable(s) for which data is missing.
- DEliminating questionnaires with missing data.
- ENone of the above.
91A respondent indicated she redeemed a coupon at Walmart last week but later indicated that she had not visited a Walmart in over two weeks. This type of response poses a problem of _____.
- Acompleteness.
- Blegibility.
- Ccomprehensibility.
- Dconsistency.
- Euniformity.
92Which of the following might indicate that a respondent lacked interest in a questionnaire?
- ACheck marks are not within the boxes provided.
- BScribbles on the questionnaire.
- CSpills on the questionnaire.
- DIt's unlikely that these mistakes occur due to lack of interest.
- EAll of the above examples may indicate a lack of respondent interest.
93In descriptive research, most of the items included in a questionnaire are likely to be _____.
- Aprecoded.
- Bclosed-ended.
- Copen-ended.
- Dexhaustive.
- Emutually exclusive.
94Which of the following statements about open-ended questions is FALSE?
- APrecoding is not necessary.
- BResponse categories are provided for responses.
- CThere are multiple legitimate responses.
- DWhen categorizing open-ended responses, it is often necessary to include an "other" category.
- EAll of the above statements about open-ended questions are true.
95When entering codes from data collection forms into a computer data file, which of the following programs could be used?
- AText data files in word processing
- BSpreadsheet software
- CStatistical software packages such as SPSS
- DOptical scanner
- EAll of the above could be used.
96In a multiple-column record of a data file, _____ represent different variables and _____ represent different respondents.
- Acodes, numbers
- Bnumbers, codes
- Crows, columns
- Dcolumns, rows
- Ecodes, symbols
97At a minimum, a codebook should include all of the following, EXCEPT _____.
- Athe results of the study.
- Bthe variable name to be used in statistical analyses for each variable included in the data file.
- Cthe column(s) in which each variable is located in the data file.
- Da description of how each variable is coded.
- Ean explanation of how missing data are treated in the data file.
98A questionnaire uses a 1-5 Likert scale to determine job satisfaction. When entering the data into a file, a researcher types a 7 instead of the 4 that the respondent had circled on the questionnaire. Which of the following types of analysis can uncover this mistake?
- AAnalysis of variance
- BRegression
- CDouble-entry
- DFrequency analysis
- EBoth c and d.
99Treatment of missing data depends mainly on the _____.
- Apurpose of the study.
- Bincidence of the missing items.
- Cmethods that will be used to analyze the data.
- DBoth a and b.
- Ea, b, and c.
100Which of the following is NOT a step in coding open-ended responses?
- AIdentify separate responses given by each individual.
- BSpecify categories into which the responses can be placed.
- CPlace each response into as many categories as possible.
- DAssess the degree of agreement between multiple coders.
- EAll of the above are steps in the process of coding open-ended responses.
101Data analysis hinges on which of the following considerations about the variable(s) to be analyzed?
- AWill the variable be analyzed in isolation or in relationship to one or more other variables?
- BWhat type of analysis is required by the project sponsor?
- CWhat level of measurement was used to measure the variable(s)?
- DBoth a and c.
- EAll of the above are considerations about the variable(s) to be analyzed.
102Which of the following would NOT be an example of a situation involving univariate analysis?
- AA publisher of a magazine is interested in determining what proportion of the magazine's readers is male.
- BA restaurant would like to know the average income of its typical diner.
- CA car dealership is particularly interested in whether or not people who own vans are more or less likely to finance auto purchases compared with people who don't own vans.
- DA service provider needs to know her customer's average level of satisfaction with the services provided.
- EAll of the above are examples for which univariate analysis could be performed.
103Which types of measurement are used to group respondents or objects into groups or categories and are thus referred to as categorical measures?
- ANominal and interval
- BOrdinal and ratio
- CRatio and interval
- DNominal and ordinal
- EOrdinal and interval
104An observation that is very different in magnitude from the rest of the observations for a particular variable is a(n):
- Aerror.
- Bblunder.
- Chistogram.
- Doutlier.
- Edeviant.
105An observation that is very different in magnitude from the rest of the observations for a particular variable is a(n):
- Aerror.
- Bblunder.
- Chistogram.
- Doutlier.
- Edeviant.
106Refer to Exhibit 12.1. The median income in the above figure is
- A$10,000.
- B$20,000.
- C$30,000.
- D$50,000.
- E$100,000
107Refer to Exhibit 12.1. $50,000 represents the ____ in the figure above.
- Amedian.
- Bsixtieth percentile.
- Cthird quartile.
- Dseventieth percentile.
- ENone of the above.
108Refer to Exhibit 12.2. What is the modal number of televisions owned by the households in the sample?
- A2
- BMore than 3
- C1
- D3
- ECan't be determined from the table.
109Refer to Exhibit 12.2. What is the average number of televisions per household?
- A2.00
- B1.85
- C1.52
- D2.25
- E2.74
110Refer to Exhibit 12.2. What is the sample standard deviation?
- A0.4318
- B0.3246
- C0.6571
- D1.0239
- ECan't be determined from the table.
111A researcher is interested in analyzing a set of nominal data to determine if the observed pattern of frequencies corresponds to the expected pattern. The appropriate statistical technique is:
- Achi-square goodness-of-fit.
- Bregression analysis.
- Cz-test for comparing sample proportion against a standard.
- Dz-test for comparing sample mean against a standard.
- Efrequency analysis.
112Refer to Exhibit 12.3. The chi-square test was used to check whether Miami sales among income groups were consistent with Chicago's. The appropriate degrees of freedom for the chi-square test would be:
- A4
- B5
- C500
- D499
- ENone of the above.
113Refer to Exhibit 12.3. Using the data provided, the calculated value of 2 =
- A0.883
- B36.30
- C11.95
- D-0.542
- ENot enough information is provided to calculate the value.
114Which statement(s) pertaining to the chi-square distribution is FALSE?
- AThe chi-square distribution is completely determined by its degrees of freedom.
- BThe variable of interest is broken into k mutually exclusive categories.
- CThe expected number falling into a category is generated from the null hypothesis.
- DChi-square degrees of freedom is given by k - 2.
- EThe chi-square is appropriate for independent trials.
115The chi-square test is an approximate test. The approximation is relatively good if the:
- Aexpected number of cases in each category is 10 or more.
- Bexpected number of cases in each category is 5 or more.
- Cexpected number of cases in each category is 3 or more.
- Dactual number of cases in each category is 10 or more.
- Eactual number of cases in each category is 5 or more.
116A researcher calculates a chi-square test statistic of 8.56. At = .05 and = 3, the critical value of the chi-square statistic is 7.81. What is the appropriate statistical conclusion?
- AReject the null hypothesis.
- BCan't determine; not enough information given.
- CFail to reject the null hypothesis.
- DReject the alternative hypothesis.
- EConclude that the null hypothesis is true.
117A researcher had calculated the sample chi-square test statistic to be equal to 2 = 7.71. For an alpha level of 0.10 and 4 degrees of freedom, the critical value of the chi-square statistic is 7.78. The appropriate conclusion is that the
- Asample result is likely to be attributed to chance alone.
- Bnull hypothesis should not be rejected.
- Cnull hypothesis should be rejected.
- DBoth a and b.
- Ealternative hypothesis is true.
118Refer to Exhibit 12.4. What would be the expected number of running suits made of fabric B sold during the first three months based on past years' sales results of sweatshirts?
- A3,500
- B1,190
- C4,410
- D4,500
- ENone of the above
119Refer to Exhibit 12.4. What is the value of the test statistic useful for determining how well the pattern of sales (by fabric type) of the new running suit corresponds to the expected pattern?
- A136.21
- B584.81
- C0.973
- D422.13
- ENone of the above.
120NARRBEGIN: Exhibit 12.5
Exhibit 12.5
• The population mean () is hypothesized to be 200
• The sample mean ( ) is 220
• The sample size (n) is 25
• The sample standard deviation (s) is 15
Refer to Exhibit 12.5. The estimated value of the standard error of the mean ( ) is:- A0.6.
- B0.9.
- C1.6.
- D2.6.
- E3.0.
121
• The population mean () is hypothesized to be 200
• The sample mean ( ) is 220
• The sample size (n) is 25
• The sample standard deviation (s) is 15
Refer to Exhibit 12.5. The estimated value of the test statistic is:- A4.0
- B5.2
- C6.7
- D7.2
- E9.0
122Refer to Exhibit 12.5. The degrees of freedom would equal:
- A14.
- B24.
- C219.
- D199.
- ECannot tell from the given information.
123120 field mice are weighed. The average weight of a mouse is 225 grams and the sample standard deviation is 15.1 grams. What is the estimated standard error of the mean?
- A0.173 grams
- B1.15 grams
- C1.38 grams
- D15.8 grams
- E17.3 grams
124120 field mice are weighed. The average weight of a mouse is 225 grams and the sample standard deviation is 15.1 grams. What is the value of the test statistic for the hypothesis that the actual mean weight of the mouse population is greater than 235 grams?
- A-0.578
- B-2.79
- C-0.633
- D-6.33
- E-7.25
125120 field mice are weighed. The average weight of a mouse is 225 grams and the sample standard deviation is 15.1 grams. What is the 95% confidence interval for the average weight of a field mouse? (z = 1.96)
- A222 to 228 grams
- B217 to 223 grams
- C221 to 229 grams
- D240 to 245 grams
- ENone of the above are correct.
126Refer to Exhibit 12.6. The conclusion is:
- AThe mean weight of a field mouse is greater than 235 grams.
- BThe mean weight of a field mouse is less than 235 grams.
- CEstimate a point mean of 235 grams.
- DThe mean weight of a field mouse is less than 225 grams.
- ENone of the above are correct.
127Which of the following is FALSE about the use of percentages when reporting results?
- AUnless decimals have a special purpose, they should be omitted.
- BPercentages should be rounded to whole numbers.
- CDecimals may convey greater accuracy than the figures can support.
- DIt is unnecessary and redundant to include percentages along with the raw count for frequency analyses.
- EAll of the above are true concerning the use of percentages when reporting results.
128To calculate sampling error for a proportion, which of the following pieces of information is NOT needed?
- AThe z-score representing the desired degree of confidence.
- BThe number of valid cases overall for the proportion.
- CThe sample standard deviation.
- DThe relevant proportion obtained from the sample.
- EAll of the above are relevant and necessary pieces of information for the calculation of sampling error for a proportion.
129Because ____ and ____ measures are similar when it comes to analysis, many researchers refer to both types as continuous measures.
- Ainterval, ratio
- Bnominal, interval
- Cordinal, ratio
- Dnominal, ordinal
- Eratio, nominal
130For which of the following types of measures does the mean NOT provide a meaningful value?
- ARatio
- BEqual-interval scales
- CInterval
- DOrdinal
- EContinuous measures
131Which of the following statements concerning the sample standard deviation is FALSE?
- ASample standard deviation is a measure of the variation in responses.
- BAnalysts reporting descriptive statistics for continuous measures should always report standard deviations along with mean values.
- CStandard deviation is meaningful and appropriate only for interval- and nominal-level measures.
- DAn analyst must be aware of the concerns of spurious precision when reporting standard deviations.
- EOutliers can have a marked effect on the calculation of a standard deviation.
132Which of the following statements if FALSE concerning the conversion of continuous measures to categorical measures?
- AWhen converting, there is no loss of information about a variable.
- BBecause higher levels of measurement have all the properties of measures lower in the hierarchy, conversion is perfectly acceptable.
- CIn many cases, conversion is advisable for aiding in interpretation of research study results.
- DAnalyses should be performed using the highest level of measurement possible for a particular variable.
- EA simple solution would be to provide both types of results.
133Which of the following is TRUE about hypothesis testing?
- AThe typical goal is to reject the alternative hypothesis in favor of the null hypothesis.
- BA hypothesis may be rejected but can never be accepted completely.
- CMarketing research studies attempt to prove results.
- DThe null hypothesis is assumed to be false for the purpose of the test.
- EAll of the above are true about hypothesis testing.
134Which of the following would be an appropriate interpretation of a p-value?
- AA p-value of p < 0.0001 is 'highly significant' and therefore much more valid than a p value of 0.05.
- BWhen a null hypothesis is rejected at some predetermined p level, sampling error is an unlikely explanation of the results, given that the null hypothesis is true.
- CWhen a p-value shows significance, managerial and practical significance can be assumed.
- DThe probability that the research hypothesis is true is equal to 1 minus the p-value.
- EA p-value represents the probability that the results occurred because of sampling error.
135A sample mean is compared against a standard for a large sample. Now, assume the sample mean was found to equal 40. What is the appropriate confidence interval? (Note: Round to the nearest whole number.)
- A23 < < 57
- B20 < < 60
- C14 < < 66
- D38 < < 42
- ECan't be determined from the information given.
136sa
- A970 < < 1030.
- B996 < < 1004.
- C997 < < 1003.
- D960 < < 1040.
- EThere are two possible confidence intervals.
137Suppose that a random sample of 550 new car owners found that 38 percent of them were aware of a particular brand of tires that your company sells. If you are willing to accept less than a 5 percent chance of error that the true awareness rate of your company's brand of tire across all new car owners is less than 0.45, which statistical technique should you use from this data?
- ATest for a single proportion
- BTest of two means when samples are independent.
- CTest for a single mean.
- DTest of two means when samples are dependent.
- EANOVA
138The FactFinder Research firm conducted a survey for a national food manufacturer and one of the issues addressed by the research was to determine how many pounds of fish were annually consumed per capita. In the survey they found one person who consumed only one pound of fish per year while 10 people reported 200 pounds per year. The range was:
- A200.
- B1 to 2,000.
- C201.
- D199.
- ENone of the above.
139A research study that tests the hypothesis, "The population mean household income in the new market area is greater than $29,000," will involve a:
- Atest of two means.
- Btest for a single mean.
- Ctest for a single proportion.
- Dtest of two proportions.
- Etest of a single variance.
140Which of the following is true regarding the standard deviation?
- AIt indicates the degree of variation in the values in such a way as to be translatable into a normal curve.
- BOne standard deviation above and below the midpoint in a normal distribution includes approximately 68% of the area underneath the curve.
- C+ or 1.96 standard deviations above and below the midpoint in a normal distribution includes 95% of the area underneath the curve.
- DThe standard deviation can be approximated by dividing the range of the data by 6.
- EAll of the above are correct.
141If the standard deviation of household income for a sample of 625 households is $8,000, what is the standard error of the mean?
- A$320
- B$625
- C$8,000
- D$80
- E$25
142Which type of statistical analysis would we use to determine if female college graduates' starting salary was different from their male counterpart (assuming data is collected using the following question on the survey "What is your starting salary?"
- ATest of two means.
- BTest for a single mean.
- CTest for a single proportion.
- DTest of two proportions.
- ETest of a single variance
143In the following data set, what is the median? 12, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 6, 10, 11.
- A4.66
- B1
- C42
- D6
- E0
144Kit Kat candy bar executives make the following statement: "Our most likely estimate of Kit Kat's ad recall rate is 65%. In addition, we are 95% confident that Kit Kat's ad recall rate in the population falls between 62% and 68%." This illustrates an example of:
- Abasic descriptive statistics.
- Busing statistical inference to estimate a population parameter based upon sample statistics.
- Cusing statistical inference to estimate a statistic based upon a population parameter.
- Dhypothesis testing.
- EBoth a and b.
145In estimating the standard deviation in the population for the formula for calculating the sample size for estimating a mean, we can use some prior knowledge about the:
- Asample to estimate our standard deviation.
- Bpopulation, undertake a pilot study or estimate the range, and divide by 10.
- Cpopulation, undertake a pilot study or estimate the range, and divide by 6.
- DEither of the two; b or c would work.
- ENone of the above; if you do not have the actual standard deviation, you cannot use the formula.
146Which of the following is a technique that measures the closeness of the relationship between two or more variables by considering their joint variation?
- ACorrelation analysis
- BAnalysis of variance
- CMultiple regression analysis
- Dz-test
- EF-test
147What conclusion(s) can you make from the following cross tabulation?
- AHaving more children increases the divorce rate.
- BGetting divorced makes a couple have more children.
- CThe more children a person has the more likely s/he is to be divorced.
- DAll of the above can be correctly concluded from the cross-tabulation.
- ENone of the above can be concluded from the cross-tabulation.
148Which of the assumptions listed below are necessary, in order for the coefficients in a partial regression equation to be interpreted as the average change in the criterion variable associated with a unit change in the appropriate predictor variable holding other predictor variables constant?
- AThe predictor variables must be correlated.
- BThe variance among predictor variables must be equal.
- CThe criterion variable must be normally distributed.
- DThe predictor variables must be uncorrelated.
- ENone of the above are necessary assumptions.
149Refer to Exhibit 13.1. The above table is an example of
- Aone-way classification.
- Bcross tabulation.
- Cone-way tabulation.
- Dfour-way classification.
- Ethree-way cross tabulation.
150Refer to Exhibit 13.1. The most appropriate way to calculate percentages in the above table to reflect cause and effect is by dividing
- Aeach of the entries by 100.
- B45 and 55 by 100.
- C42 and 58 by 100.
- Dentries in the first row by 45 and those in the second row by 55.
- Eentries in the first column by 42 and those in the second column by 58.
151Refer to Exhibit 13.1. In absolute numbers, how many millions of households own a microwave?
- A15 million
- B100 million
- C42 million
- D55 million
- E27 million
152Refer to Exhibit 13.1. What relationship can be inferred from the above table between family size and owing a microwave?
- ANothing can be inferred.
- BThe smaller the family the more likely they are to own a microwave.
- CA lower proportion of large families (4 or more) own microwaves than small families.
- DOwning a microwave causes family size to increase.
- EOwnership of a microwave tends to increase as family size increases.
153Consider the regression equation Y = 5 + 16X1 + 38X2 relating annual expenditures on a particular product Y to X1 and X2, where
X1 X2
If a person belongs to lower class 0 0
If a person belongs to middle class 1 0
If a person belongs to upper class 0 1
Which of the following is FALSE? The equation suggests- AAn upper class person could be expected on the average to spend $38 per year more than a lower class person on the product.
- BA middle class person could be expected on the average to spend $16 more per year on the product than a lower class person.
- CA lower class person could be expected on the average to spend $5 per year on the product.
- DAn upper class person could be expected on the average to spend $22 more per year on the product than a middle class person.
- EAn upper class person could be expected on the average to spend $38 per year on the product.
154The upper limit of the Pearson chi-square test of independence is limited by
- Asample size.
- Bthe distribution of cases across the cells.
- Cdegrees of freedom.
- DBoth a and b.
- Ea, b, and c.
155Which of the following concerning the Pearson chi-square test is FALSE?
- AThe Pearson chi-square test is conceptually similar to the chi-square goodness-of-fit test.
- BThe Pearson chi-square test tests the null hypothesis that the variables are independent.
- CThe Pearson chi-square test measures the degree of association between variables.
- DThe Pearson chi-square test assesses the degree to which the two variables in a cross tabulation analysis are independent of one another.
- EAll of the above statements concerning the Pearson chi-square test are true.
156Which statistical technique should you use when you are attempting to answer the question: "Is there a significant relationship between the customers' disposable income (measured in dollars) and their repeat-buying behavior (measured by the number of rebuys in a twelve-month period)?"
- AMultiple regression analysis
- BChi-Square test
- CSimple regression analysis
- DPearson correlation coefficient
- ENone of the above.
157If a researcher were to take ten Asian countries where per capita income and automobile ownership by per capita were known, trying to find the overall picture of market size for the market could probably be done by using which of the following methods?
- AAnalogy method
- BLatin square
- CTrade audit
- DChain ratio method
- ERegression analysis
158Given a cross tabulation between years of education and income, we would compute percentages in the direction of years of education because:
- Athe probability that given X income you will have Y years of education makes sense.
- Bthe probability that given X years of education you will have Y income makes sense.
- Cit doesn't matter which way you do it.
- DBoth a and b.
- ENone of the above.
159An analyst has a set of normally distributed intervally scaled data resulting from two observations on the same sample of subjects, and he wishes to investigate if there is any difference in these two means. The appropriate statistical procedure is:
- Az-test for difference in two means.
- BAnalysis of variance.
- CPaired sample t-test.
- DChi-square goodness-of-fit test.
- ERegression analysis.
160A popular approach to measuring the strength of the relationship between two categorical variables is:
- Across tabulation.
- BPearson chi-square test of independence.
- CCramer's V.
- Dregression analysis.
- EKendall's coefficient of concordance.
161Cramer's V is scaled to range between:
- A0.0 and 1.0.
- B-1.0 and 0.0.
- C-1.0 and 1.0.
- D0.0 to infinity.
- E-infinity to infinity.
162Analysis of variance (ANOVA) is most applicable when there:
- Aare only two means being compared.
- Bis exactly one categorical variable to be considered.
- Care more than two means being compared.
- Dis the potential for a causal relationship between a continuous independent variable and a categorical dependent variable.
- Eis a need to examine interjudge reliability.
163Suppose you were given an example of running a chi-square test using SPSS. The output shows a "Pearson Chi-Square" value of 82.123, df = 3 and the Asymp. Sig. = 0.000. This means:
- Athere is a significant association.
- Bthere is no significant association.
- Cthe difference is associative.
- Dthe means are not equal.
- Ethe variances are equal.
164Suppose that the relationship between sales (Y, in $000) and number of salespeople (X) is represented by the following regression equation:
Y = 105.2 + 35.8X
NARREND
Refer to Exhibit 13.3. What will be the average contribution to sales of one additional salesperson?- A$35.80
- B$141,000
- C$35,800
- D$141.00
- EMore information is needed to answer this question.
165Refer to Exhibit 13.3. What will average sales be equal to when 10 salespeople are used?
- A$358,000
- B$463.20
- C$358.00
- D$463,200
- EMore information is needed to answer this question.
166In order to use the pooled sample variance when testing the difference in two population means, what must be assumed?
- AThe sample means are unbiased estimates of the population means.
- BThe population variances are equal.
- CThe population means are equal.
- DThe population variances are inversely proportional.
- EThe sample means are unequal.
167 An analyst has a set of normally distributed intervally scaled data resulting from two observations on the same sample of subjects, and he wishes to investigate if there is any difference in these two means. The appropriate statistical procedure is:
- Az-test for difference in two means.
- Banalysis of variance.
- Cpaired samples t-test.
- Dchi-square goodness-of-fit test.
- Eregression analysis.
168A gum manufacturer wants to determine whether blue packaging or red packaging is preferred. The company performs a sales test by introducing red packages into a random sample of ten stores and blue packages are introduced in an independent, random sample of ten stores. The technique most appropriate for analyzing the data is:
- Apaired sample t-test for means.
- BSpearman rank-order correlation analysis.
- Cregression analysis.
- Dindependent samples t-test for means.
- Ecorrelation analysis.
169Which statistical technique should you use to answer the question: "Is there a significant relationship between education level (a four-category ordinal variable) and whether or not consumers are aware that Firestone is a brand of tires?"
- AMultiple regression analysis
- BPearson correlation coefficient
- CChi-square test
- DSimple regression analysis
- ENone of the above.
170If an organization selects two towns for a market study (one for the test and the other as a control) and measures the amount of trash in pounds per household, it must first determine the equality of the two towns using a:
- Atest of a single proportion.
- Btest of a single mean.
- Ctest of two means.
- Dtest of two proportions.
- ENone of the above.
171If the correlation between two variables x and y is equal to 0.90, which of the following is TRUE?
- Ax and y are highly related, whereby a positive change in x is accompanied by a positive change in y.
- BThe two variables x and y are not related to one another.
- Cx and y are highly related, whereby a negative change in x is accompanied by a positive change in y.
- DThe coefficient of determination is equal to 0.81.
- EAn increase in x is accompanied by a decrease in y.
172The value of the product-moment coefficient of correlation ranges from:
- A-1.0 to 0.0
- B-1.0 to 1.0
- C-0.5 to 0.5
- D0.0 to 1.0.
- E-infinity to infinity
173Assume that a researcher determines that a p-value of 0.01 or below determines significance. Listed below are several correlation coefficients and their respective significance levels. Which correlation coefficient demonstrates an association not likely due to chance (i.e., significant)?
- A0.22, 0.06
- B0.75, 0.00
- C-0.32, 0.15
- D-0.76, 0.95
- E0.26, 0.10
174Which of the following is a technique that measures the association between a criterion variable and one or more independent variables?
- ACorrelation analysis
- BAnalysis of variance
- CRegression analysis
- Dz-test
- EF-test
175Which of the following statements about regression/correlation analysis is FALSE?
- ACorrelation analysis involves the measurement of the closeness of the relationship between two or more variables.
- BRegression analysis involves the derivation of an equation that relates the criterion variable to one or more predictor variables.
- CRegression analysis can establish the causal relationship between two or more variables.
- DThe regression line minimizes the sum of the squared deviations about the line.
- EIt is much more common to conduct regression analyses using a computer.
176Which of the following emphasizes the division of the sample into subgroups so as to learn how the dependent variable varies from subgroup to subgroup?
- ALongitudinal analysis
- BCoding
- CCross-sectional analysis
- DCross tabulation
- EOne-way tabulation
177Suppose the ordinary least-squares approach to a regression analysis produced the following:
Y = 20 - 39X
R2 = .90
Which of the following statements is FALSE?- AFor every unit change in X there is a corresponding negative change in the average value of Y of 39 units.
- B90 percent of the variation in Y is associated with variation in X.
- CThe slope of the line is 20.
- DThe average value of Y given x = 10 is 370.
- EIf X = 0, then Y = 20.
178When performing cross tabulations, percentages are always calculated in the direction of the:
- Adependent variable.
- Bindependent variable.
- Ccausal variable.
- DBoth a and b.
- EBoth b and c.
179In testing a multiple regression equation for statistical significance, the first step involves:
- Atesting the intercept term using a t-test.
- Busing a t-test to examine the significance of the overall equation.
- Cusing an F-test to examine the significance of the overall equation.
- Dtesting each of the slope coefficients using a t-test.
- Etesting each of the slope coefficients using an F-test.
180Which of the following is FALSE about cross tabulations?
- ACross tabulations work equally well with continuous measures that have been recast as categorical measures.
- BCross tabulations are used for studying the relationships between two (or more) categorical variables.
- CRecasting continuous measures into categories may result in lowered statistical power.
- DCross tabulation seeks to investigate the influence of the independent variable on the dependent variable.
- ERecasting continuous measures into categories almost never results in the loss of information.
181A gas station wants to compare a group of consumers' overall perceptions of service with overall perceptions of service for a nearby competitor. This situation calls for the use of:
- Apaired sample t-test for means.
- Banalysis of variance.
- Cregression analysis.
- Dindependent samples t-test for means.
- Ecorrelation analysis.
182Let's assume we find in a study that the Pearson's correlation coefficient between number of years of education and cigarette smoking is 0.73. This means that as education level increases:
- Asmoking tends to increase.
- Bsmoking tends to decrease.
- Csmoking changes 73%.
- Deducation and smoking are unrelated.
- Ean educated person smokes 73 cigarettes a day.
183A research study involving the research question: "On the basis of a survey of husband-wife households, is there a significant difference between the mean attitude score of husbands and that of wives toward our product?" will involve a:
- Atest for a single proportion.
- Btest of two means when samples are independent.
- Ctest for a single mean.
- Dtest of two means when samples are dependent.
- ENone of the above.
184In which of the following situations would it be useful to test for differences between two groups?
- AA retailer wishes to know if customer satisfaction is different between in-store vs. online shoppers.
- BA beverage company wants to know if a new beverage concept differs between users vs. nonusers of the current brand.
- CA department store wishes to know the differences between online catalogs vs. mail order catalog shoppers.
- DA state university ants to know is there is a significant difference in GPA between undergraduate and graduate students.
- EAll of the above situations would benefit from tests for differences between two groups.
185The NFL office discovered data covering attendance at professional football games in the late 1940s and early 1950s. The game with the highest attendance was between the St. Louis Cardinals and the New York Giants. The office also found considerable information that someone had collected on each game day such as the level of GDP, the DOW, numbers of persons employed, number of new businesses formed during the week preceding the game, and the population. A student intern took the information and built a regression model to predict game attendance for the upcoming season. The model should:
- Aaccurately predict game attendance.
- BNOT predict game attendance accurately because the variable levels of today (i.e., population, Dow, etc.) are out of range of those used to build the regression model.
- Cpredict game attendance accurately because the variable levels of today (i.e., population, Dow, etc.) are out of range of those used to build the regression model.
- Dpredict game attendance accurately because the variable levels (i.e., population, Dow, etc.) are within range of those used to build the regression model.
- ENone of the above.
186Which of the following is TRUE for a research report?
- ABecause the research report is all that most executives will see of a project, it is the basis for their evaluation of the research project.
- BIf the research team has worked exceptionally hard on the project at hand, the research report should be as brief as possible.
- CExecutives can be easily convinced of the usefulness of the report's findings if all possible statistics are included in the body of the report.
- DThe research report does not need to describe the research method because it is over the heads of the audience.
- EAll of the above are false.
187Which of the following is FALSE for a research report?
- AThe research report represents the end product of the research process.
- BThe audience determines the type of report.
- CThe fundamental criterion for evaluating reports is communication with the reader.
- DThe technical capacity of the reader is unimportant as far as the research report is concerned.
- EThe competency of the researcher is often evaluated based on the readability of the research report.
188Which of the following is FALSE for a research report?
- AThe research report is the end product of the research process.
- BThe fundamental criterion by which research reports are evaluated is communication with the reader.
- CThe report reader is the only reason to prepare a research report.
- DThe intended use of the research report does not affect the content of the report.
- EThe research report criteria of completeness, accuracy, clarity, and conciseness are related.
189Which of the following characteristics should NOT affect the content of the research report?
- AThe reader's technical sophistication.
- BThe reader's interest.
- CThe circumstances surrounding the research.
- DThe intended use of the report.
- EThe researcher's technical sophistication.
190Which of the following best describes the essential goal of a complete research report?
- APresentation of the technical aspects of all data analyses performed in the project.
- BPresentation of all information needed by the reader in easily understandable language.
- CPresentation of all data collected in easily understandable language.
- DAdherence to the outline of the report.
- EPresentation of the researcher’s recommendations and conclusions.
191Which of the following is TRUE for the technical aspects of a research report?
- AThe technical sophistication of the report reader should act as a guide for the technical sophistication of the report.
- BTechnical jargon impresses the report reader.
- CThe technical capacity of the reader is unimportant as far as the research report is concerned. Rather, the reader's interest is critical in determining the content of the report.
- DBoth a and b.
- EAll of the above are correct.
192A written report may be considered incomplete because :
- Ait is too brief.
- Bit includes interesting but not vital information.
- Cit is too long.
- Dit includes statistical calculations unfamiliar to the reader.
- EAll of the above are sources of report incompleteness.
193Report inaccuracies come from:
- Abrief reports.
- Billogical reasoning.
- Cmishandling of data.
- DBoth a and b.
- EBoth b and c.
194Completeness of the research report should be evaluated from the perspective of the:
- Aresearcher.
- Bdata collected.
- Creader.
- Ddata analyst.
- Ereport writer.
195Accuracy in a report refers to:
- Amathematical accuracy.
- Bgrammatical accuracy.
- Ccorrect terminology.
- DBoth a and b.
- Ea, b and c.
196To improve your writing of a report:
- Ause technical terminology.
- Buse the longest words possible.
- Cwrite only one draft.
- Dread it aloud.
- Euse complex sentences.
197Which of the following is NOT an aid in the crafting of a research report that meets the writing criterion of clarity?
- AUsing short sentences.
- BUsing a logically ordered outline.
- CRewriting the first draft.
- DRe-stating an important point in different words.
- EUsing short paragraphs.
198Which of the following is TRUE for a research report?
- AIn general, the amount of detail contained in the research report should be inversely proportional to the amount of direct control the user can exercise over the areas under discussion.
- BA good rule of thumb in report writing is to include all those findings that might be of interest to the reader.
- CThe methods section of a report can be avoided if the audience is familiar with sampling techniques.
- DThe true summary is an abstract of the whole report in which everything is restated in condensed form.
- EThe appendices contain material that is too complex, too detailed, too specialized, or not absolutely necessary for the text.
199Which of the following should NOT be included on the title page of a research report?
- AThe subject of the report
- BThe name of the research organization
- CThe date of submission
- DThe name of the client organization
- EThe cost of the project
200A good summary should NOT contain:
- Abackground information.
- Btables of data.
- Cconclusions.
- Drecommendations.
- Epurpose of the research.
Informações
- Descrição
- Quiz sobre exm3, criado por Vladislav Tokhtaev em 11-04-2022.
- Autor
- Vladislav Tokhtaev
- Idioma
- English
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