Quiz
Functional Neuroanatomy
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Perguntas do quiz (129)
1The name of the key cell in the brain that eventually gives rise to it's complexity and ability to regulate behaviour is the [blank_start]neuron[blank_end]
- Aneuron
2The neuron also has a supporting cast of cells, the [blank_start]glial[blank_end] cells
- Aglial
3The approximate number of neurons in the NEOCORTEX alone is
- A10 billion
- B100,000
- C100 million
- D200 million
- E20 billion
4Glial cells potentially play a role in facilitating neural transmission.
- AVerdadeiro
- BFalso
5Brain cells responsible for nutritional and scavenger functions
- AGlial
- BNeurons
- CMitochondria
6Another major type of [blank_start]glial[blank_end] cells are oligodendroglia, which also form [blank_start]myelin[blank_end], the white fatty substance of [blank_start]axonal[blank_end] sheaths.
- Aglial
- Bmyelin
- Caxonal
7There are more neurons in the brain than glial cells.
- AVerdadeiro
- BFalso
8At the tips of an axon are [blank_start]synaptic vesicles[blank_end] that produce and house neurotransmitters.
- Asynaptic vesicles
9[blank_start]Long term potentiation[blank_end] - an increase in the excitability of a neuron to a particular synaptic input caused by high-frequency activity of that input.
- ALong term potentiation
10Programmed cell death is called [blank_start]apoptosis[blank_end].
- Aapoptosis
11The hindbrain ([blank_start]pons[blank_end], [blank_start]medulla[blank_end] and [blank_start]cerebellum[blank_end]), the midbrain, and the forebrain (divided into the telencephalon and [blank_start]diencephalon[blank_end])
- Apons
- Bmedulla
- Ccerebellum
- Ddiencephalon
12Division of the brain shown here are are [blank_start]axial[blank_end], [blank_start]sagittal[blank_end] and [blank_start]coronal[blank_end] respectively
- Aaxial
- Bcoronal
- Csagittal
13Within the brain are four fluid filled chambers, or [blank_start]ventricles[blank_end], through which [blank_start]cerebrospinal[blank_end] fluid flows.
- Aventricles
- Bcerebrospinal
14Cerebrospinal fluid also flows through the [blank_start]subarachnoid[blank_end] space
- Asubarachnoid
15The amygdala is located in front of the tip of the [blank_start]temporal[blank_end] horn of the lateral ventricle and the [blank_start]hippocampus[blank_end] is located along the floor of the temporal horn
- Atemporal
- Bhippocampus
16Cerebrospinal fluid in produced within the [blank_start]choroid plexi[blank_end]
- Achoroid plexi
17In disorders that involve brain degeneration the ventricle enlarge in size to fill the void
- AVerdadeiro
- BFalso
18How blood flow responds to the brain as is engages a particular function is the basis of [blank_start]fMRI[blank_end]
- AfMRI
19The [blank_start]medulla oblongata[blank_end] is the lowest section of the brainstem.
- Amedulla oblongata
20The hindbrain is the sight which (select ALL correct) functions.
- Aheartbeat
- Brespiratory function
- Ccontrol of blood pressure
- Dvisuospatial skills
21Running through the centre of the brainstem and up towards the forebrain structures from the spinal cord is the [blank_start]reticular[blank_end] formation. Lesions to this structure are often related to sleep disturbance, coma and alertness.
- Areticular
22Name each brain region
- Apons
- BCerebellum
- Cmedulla oblongata
23The cerebellum (also) has a number of NON-motor functions, and cerebellar lesions are known to affect abstract reasoning, verbal fluency, attention, speed of information processing and emotional modulation.
- AVerdadeiro
- BFalso
24The substantia nigra is located within the
- Aforebrain
- Bhindbrain
- Cmidbrain
- Dtemporal lobe
25Label each brain section
- AThalamus
- Bpons
- Ctemporal lobe
26Sensory nuclei in the [blank_start]thalamus[blank_end] serve as the major relay and processing centres for all senses except smell and project to the primary sensory cortices.
- Athalamus
27Korsakoff's syndrome can involve which of the following symptoms
- Aanterograde amnesia alone
- Bretrograde amnesia alone
- Cboth retrograde and anterograde amnesia
- DKorsakoff's syndrome does typically not involve memory loss
28The hypothalamus is located [blank_start]below[blank_end] the thalamus
- Abelow
- Babove
- Cbeside
29Label each section
- Aputamen
- BCaudate nucleus
- Clateral ventrical
- Dnucleus accumbens
- Enucleus accumbens
- Fcaudate nucleus
- Glateral ventricle
- Hputamen
- Iposterior horn of the lateral ventricle
- Jinferior horn of the lateral ventricle
- Kcaudate nucleus
- Lglobus pallidus
- Mcaudate nucleus
- Nputamen
- Oanterior horn of the lateral ventricle
- Pinternal capsule
- Qinternal capusal
- Rputamen
- Sthird ventricle
- Tthalamus
30Damage to the basal ganglia can result in (choose best)
- Aparalysis
- Bmotor function disturbance
- Clanguage disorder
31The term neostriatum refers to which cluster of nuclei? (choose all correct)
- Aputamen
- Bcaudate nucleus
- Cthe grey matter bands (striations) connecting the caudate to the putamen
- Dhippocampus
- Ecerebellum
32The limbic system includes the
- Ahippocampus
- Bcingulate gyrus and parahippocampal gyrus
- Camygdala
- Dcerebellum
- Efornix
33The cingulate gyrus is located (choose ALL correct)
- Awithin the medial aspects of the cortex
- Bsuperior to the corpus collosum
- CInferior to the corpus collosum
- Dposterior to the central sulcus
34[blank_start]Commissural[blank_end] fibers connect between hemispheres, whereas [blank_start]association[blank_end] fibers involve connections within a hemisphere
- ACommissural
- BAssociation
- Cassociation
- Dcommissural
35The [blank_start]corpus callosum[blank_end] is the big band of commissural fibers connecting the two hemispheres
- Acorpus callosum
36The lateral plane refers to the [blank_start]left[blank_end] and [blank_start]right[blank_end] sides of the brain, on either side of the [blank_start]longitudinal[blank_end] fissure.
- Aleft
- Bright
- Clongitudinal
37The anterior and posterior sections of the brain are separated by the [blank_start]central[blank_end] sulcus
- Acentral
38[blank_start]Hemiplegia[blank_end] refers to paralysis on one side of the body
- AHemiplegia
- BParaplegia
- CSemiplegia
- DDemiplegia
39All auditory fibers project to the collateral primary auditory cortex.
- AVerdadeiro
- BFalso
40A point to point relationship between sense receptors and cortical cells is laid out on the primary auditory cortex, with cortical representation arranged according to [blank_start]pitch[blank_end].
- Apitch
- Bvolume
- Cnoise
- Damplitude
41Within the visual system, a [blank_start]ventral[blank_end] what system is specialized for object recognition and a [blank_start]dorsal[blank_end] where system is specialized for spatial and movement percetiion.
- Aventral
- Bdorsal
- Cventral
- Ddorsal
42Areas of the cortex involved in motor and sensory function can be loosely divided into three key groups, primary, secondary and tertiary areas. Primary areas involve the initial vague representation of the action or sense, which in turn are elaborated in secondary areas before being integrated holistically with other movements or senses in tertiary areas.
- AVerdadeiro
- BFalso
43A lesion to an association area would typically not result in specific sensory or motor deficits. Rather, the behavioral difficulties would more likely appear as various higher order deficits involving the integration, recognition and fine tuning of primary information.
- AVerdadeiro
- BFalso
44The [blank_start]left[blank_end] side of the brain is more specialized in language and for processing verbally coded information.
- Aleft
- Bright
45The [blank_start]right[blank_end] side of the brain typically processes nonverbal information such as complex visual patterns or auditory signals that are not coded for in verbal form.
- Aright
- Bleft
46the [blank_start]right[blank_end] hemisphere contributes to appreciation of the context (body language, irony) of verbal information and thereby, to the accuracy and appropriateness of language usage.
- Aright
- Bleft
47In keeping with the principles of hemispheric specialisation the most obvious cognitive deficit with [blank_start]left[blank_end] hemisphere damage is aphasia.
- Aleft
- Bright
48Holistic, Synthesising, Pictorial and Intuitive. These features are generally characteristic of which brain hemisphere?
- ALeft
- BRight
49The left-right dichotomies in hemispheric lateralization should be taken as useful concepts and not iron-clad facts. Normal healthy behaviour is a function of the whole brain working together, with important contributions from both hemispheres entering into virtually every activity.
- AVerdadeiro
- BFalso
50[blank_start]Dysarthria[blank_end] is a condition in which problems effectively occur with the muscles that help produce speech, often making it very difficult to pronounce words. It is unrelated to any problem with understanding cognitive language.
- ADysarthria
- BAphasia
51A patient who has had lesions exclusively in one hemisphere and appears to have difficulties making sense out of complex stimuli, and difficulties in comprehending speech intonation (prosody). The same patient may also experiences the following deficits (choose the most likely answer):
- AImpaired verbal memory, loss of basic mathematical concepts and difficulties with verbal fluency.
- BInattention in the left visual field, copying of visual designs and loss of spatial orientation even in familiar surroundings.
52Patients with right hemisphere lesions: (choose the best)
- ATypically have an impaired appreciation of emotionally charged stimuli due to a fundamental deficit in emotional processing.
- BAre more emotional because left sided regions responsible for the modulation of emotion are no longer inhibited by right sided regions
- CTypically have an impaired appreciation of emotionally charged stimuli. However it is not clear whether this is a fundamental deficit, or that is could be that emotional experience would not be impaired if the patient could properly apprehend emotional stimuli (such as emotive facial expression or tone of voice).
53Patients with [blank_start]left[blank_end] sided lesions tend to be overly sensitive to their disabilities. However many patients ultimately compensate for them well enough to make a satisfactory adaptation to their disabilities.
- Aleft
- Bright
54Patients whose injuries involve [blank_start]right[blank_end] sided lesions are less likely to be dissatisfied with themselves or their disabilities and are less likely to be aware of their mistakes. Consequently, those patients with such reduced insights tend to make [blank_start]poorer[blank_end] adjustments to their circumstances.
- Aright
- Bleft
- Cpoorer
- Dbetter
55[blank_start]Left[blank_end] hemisphere damaged patients tend depression as result of the ability to conceive of their deficits, and thus is directly reactive to the injury and more prevalent during the [blank_start]acute[blank_end] phases of recovery.
- ALeft
- BRight
- Cacute
- Dlong term
56In patients with [blank_start]right[blank_end] hemisphere damage, depression is often due to the secondary consequences brought on by a lack of self awareness or insight. As such these patients tend to set unrealistic goals and may be unpleasant socially, leading to isolation from friends and family. Thus depression is more likely to develop slowly as a reaction to these secondary consequences.
- Aright
- Bleft
57A clinician can accurately make diagnoses about the lateralisation of injury based on patient behaviour alone.
- AVerdadeiro
- BFalso
58Which of the following best describes the lateral characteristics of a healthy brain:
- AThe healthy brain is markedly lateralized such that holistic, nonverbal and intuitive thinking is predominantly mediated by the right hemisphere.
- BThe healthy brain is markedly lateralized such that holistic, nonverbal and intuitive thinking is predominantly mediated by the left hemisphere.
- CConscious activity is typically a unified and coherent bilateral process that spans both hemispheres through the commissural tracts.
- DConscious activity is typically a unified and coherent bilateral process that spans both hemispheres through the association tracts.
59Very few tasks rely exclusively on a single hemisphere
- AVerdadeiro
- BFalso
60Superior memorization tends to occur when: (choose the BEST answer)
- AInformation is encoded using a linguistic representation
- BInformation is encoded using a non-verbal representation
- CInformation is encoded using simultaneous verbal and non-verbal representations
61The external surface of the cerebral cortex is wrinkled into a complex of ridges called [blank_start]gyri[blank_end], and fissures called [blank_start]sulci[blank_end]
- Agyri
- Bsulci
- Cgyri
- Dsulci
62The [blank_start]central sulcus[blank_end] divides the cerebral hemisphere into anterior and posterior regions.
- Acentral sulcus
- Bcentral gyrus
- Cmedial sulcus
- Dlateral sulcus
63Immediately in front of the central sulcus lies the [blank_start]precentral[blank_end] gyrus which contains much of the primary [blank_start]motor[blank_end] area.
- Aprecentral
- Bpostcentral
- Cmotor
- Dsensory
- Evisual
- Fauditory
64The bulk of the primary somatosensory area is located in the [blank_start]gyrus[blank_end] just behind the central [blank_start]sulcus[blank_end] called the [blank_start]postcentral gyrus[blank_end].
- Agyrus
- Bsulcus
- Csulcus
- Dgyrus
- Epostcentral gyrus
- Fpostcentral sulcus
- Gprecentral gyrus
- Hprecentral sulcus
65Anatomical areas of the cortex are largely defined according to:
- Aphysical characteristics, appearance and location.
- Bfunction, and connectivity
66In general the anterior regions of the cortex tend to be dedicated input systems, dealing largely with sensation and perception.
- AVerdadeiro
- BFalso
67The primary auditory cortex is located:
- AAlong the upper most edge of the temporal lobe, below the somatosensory area.
- BIn the parietal lobe, immediately anterior to the somatosensory area
- CIn the anterior temporal lobe, immediately ventral to Broca's area.
- DAbove the lateral sulcus, immediately below the somatosensory area.
68Lesions to the primary visual cortex
- Acan result in discrete blind spots in corresponding parts of the visual field.
- Busually result in total blindness
- Cmost commonly result in difficulties recognizing objects or describing their location in space
69Hemianopia is
- Areduced vision or blindness over one side of the visual field
- Bmultiple blind spots across both sides of the visual field
- Ctotal cortical blindness
70[blank_start]Agnosia[blank_end] is the inability to process sensory information.
- AAgnosia
- BAphasia
- CAnopsia
71[blank_start]Anopsia[blank_end] refers to any defect in the visual field
- AAnopsia
- BAgnosia
- CAphasia
72Visual [blank_start]agnosia[blank_end] is an impairment in recognition of visually presented objects. It is not due to a deficit in vision (acuity, visual field, and scanning), language, memory, or low intellect
- Aagnosia
- Banopia
- Caphasia
73Visual agnosia may be related to damage to which areas of the cortex? (choose all correct)
- AFusiform gyrus
- BParietal lobe
- CVisual association areas
- DFrontal lobe
74[blank_start]Prosopagnosia[blank_end] refers to an inability to recognize faces
- AProsopagnosia
- BProsopaphasia
- CProsopanopsia
75[blank_start]Associative[blank_end] agnosia refers to a failure of recognition due to defective retrieval of knowledge pertinent to a given stimulus. The problem is due to faulty sensory-specific memory; the patient is unable to recognize the object despite being able to perceive it normally. [blank_start]Apperceptive[blank_end] agnosia refers to a defective integration of otherwise normally perceived components of a stimulus. The problem is more a failure of perception; these patients fail to recognize a stimulus because they cannot integrate the perceptual elements of the stimulus.
The distinction involves whether the disturbance is primarily a failure of memory, or of perception.- AAssociative
- BApperceptive
- CApperceptive
- DAssociative
76[blank_start]Associative[blank_end] visual agnosia is strongly associated with bilateral damage to higher order association cortices in the ventral and medial occipitotemporal areas, whereas [blank_start]apperceptive[blank_end] visual agnosia is more closely associated with damage to earlier, more primary visual cortices.
- AAssociative
- BApperceptive
- Capperceptive
- Dassociative
77If a patient has trouble naming an object that they are capable of perceiving, but are able to recall its meaning (function, features, characteristics) it is MOST likely that they have associative visual agnosia.
- AVerdadeiro
- BFalso
78Simultanagnosia involves the inability to perceive more than one object or point in space at a time.
- AVerdadeiro
- BFalso
79Anomia involves a difficulty in retrieving [blank_start]names[blank_end]
- Anames
- Bmeaning
- Cspatial information
- Dnumeric information
80[blank_start]Pure alexia[blank_end] is a reading problem that stems from defects in visual recognition, organization and scanning rather than from defective comprehension of written material.
- APure alexia
- BDyslexia
- CAnomia
- DAcalculia
81The two-streams hypothesis argues that humans possess two distinct visual systems. As visual information exits the occipital lobe, it follows two main pathways, or "streams". The [blank_start]ventral[blank_end] stream (also known as the "[blank_start]what[blank_end] pathway") travels to the temporal lobe and is involved with object identification and recognition. The [blank_start]dorsal[blank_end] stream (or, "[blank_start]where[blank_end] pathway") terminates in the parietal lobe and is involved with processing [blank_start]object spatial location and position.[blank_end]
- Aobject spatial location and position.
- Bobject identification and recognition.
- Cobject naming.
- Dfacial recognition
- Ewhere
- Fwhat
- Gwho
- Hhow
- Idorsal
- Jventral
- Kmedial
- Llateral
- Mwhat
- Nwhere
- Owho
- Phow
- Qventral
- Rdorsal
- Smedial
- Tlateral
82The parietal-temporo-occipital (PTO) association area is primarily involved in:
- Aintegration of sensory and perceptual information
- Bhigher visual function alone
- Chigher auditory function alone
- Dsomatosensory input
83Patients with lesions in their PTO frequently demonstrate construction difficulties. Such as the ability to construct two or three dimensional objects from one or two dimensional units. [blank_start]Left[blank_end] sided lesions are apt to disrupt the programming or ordering of movements necessary for constructional activity. On the other hand, patients with [blank_start]right[blank_end] sided lesions tend to demonstrate difficulties with spatial imagery or the understanding of spatial relationships, in particularly these patients have difficulties with diagonality in a design.
- ALeft
- BRight
- Cright
- Dleft
84Although lesions to either hemisphere may conduct visuospatial construction. It is likely that lesions to the [blank_start]right hemisphere[blank_end] is probably more likely to produce visuoconstruction defects than an equal contralateral lesion.
- Aright hemisphere
- Bleft hemisphere
- Cfrontal lobe
- Dhippocampus
85Laterality effects also occur in the perception of auditory stimuli such that left [blank_start]temporal[blank_end] lobe damage impairs [blank_start]temporal processing (sound duration)[blank_end], whereas right [blank_start]temporal[blank_end] damage impairs [blank_start]spectral processing (pitch, harmony).[blank_end]
- Atemporal processing (sound duration)
- Bspectral processing (pitch, harmony)
- Cspectral processing (pitch, harmony).
- Dtemporal processing (sound duration)
- Etemporal
- Foccipital
- Gfrontal
- Htemporal
- Iocipital
- Jfrontal
86[blank_start]Apraxia[blank_end] is a disorder of motor coordination and planning, whereas [blank_start]Agnosia[blank_end] refers to a deficit in processing sensory information.
- AApraxia
- BAgnosia
- CAphasia
- DAgnosia
- EApraxia
- FAphasia
87parietal lobe damage significantly slows the disengagement of attention, with the greatest slowing occurring when the lesion is on the right.
- AVerdadeiro
- BFalso
88name this subsection of the parietal lobe
- Ainferior parietal lobule
- Bposterior parietal gyrus
- Cventral parietal lubule
- Dcentroparietal area
89Lesions to the inferior parietal lobule are typically related to deficits in [blank_start]short term[blank_end] memory.
- Ashort- term (or working)
- Blong term
- Cautobiographical
- Dproceedural
90Name these areas of the cortex
- ACingulate gyrus
- Bcorpus callosum
- Cpons
- Dfornix
91The inferior parietal lobule is composed of the [blank_start]supramarginal gyrus[blank_end] and the [blank_start]angular gyrus[blank_end]. Wernicke's area is located ventrally to the [blank_start]supramarginal gyrus[blank_end] and immediately caudal to the [blank_start]primary auditory cortex[blank_end].
- Aprimary auditory cortex
- Bsupramarginal gyrus
- Cangular gyrus
- Dsupramarginal gyrus
- Eangular gyrus
- Fprimary auditory area
- Gsupramarginal gyrus
- HWernicke's area
- Iprimary auditory area
- Jangular gyrus
- KBroca's area
- Ltemporal lobe
92Label the diagram
- Aanterior cerebral artery
- Bpotine branches
- Cbasilar artery
- Dposterior communicating artery
- Emiddle cerebral artery
- Finternal carotid artery
- Ganterior communicating artery
- Hposterior cerebral artery
- Ivertebral artery
93Which arteries supply each of the regions below?
(hint: include the word artery)
- Amiddle cerebral artery
- Banterior cerebral artery
- Cposterior cerebral artery
94Which of the following best represents the relationship between language and mathematics in functional neuroanatomy:
- ALanguage and mathematics ability appear to be related to the left temporal lobe, and thus are always observed concurrently.
- BLanguage and mathematics occupy equal but contral lateral portions of the left and right temporal lobes respectively.
- CLanguage and mathematics deficits often accompany one another, however some patients will develop one or the other separately.
95Neglect is more common on the [blank_start]left[blank_end] side of personal and extrapersonal space.
- Aleft
- Bright
96An unawareness to one side of personal and extrapersonal space is known as [blank_start]neglect[blank_end]
- Aneglect
97the [blank_start]right[blank_end] temporoparietal cortex is most usually associated with a chronic left sided-inattention known as [blank_start]neglect[blank_end]
- Aright
- Bneglect
98Severe hemispatial inattention is very much a "[blank_start]right[blank_end] hemisphere phenomenon" just as aphasia is a "[blank_start]left[blank_end] sided phenomenon"
- Aright
- Bleft
- Cleft
- Dright
99Inattention (neglect) is only diagnosed when all five sensory modalities are affected
- AVerdadeiro
- BFalso
100Neglect is most closely associated with which of the following cortical areas
- Aleft temporal lobe
- Bright dlPFC
- Cright parietal lobe
- Dleft occipital lobe
101Deficits with visuospatial construction, left side attention, or organization of discrete features into a whole are consistent with which brain area. (choose BEST option)
- Aright parietal lobe
- Bright ocipital lobe
- Cleft temporal
- Damygdala
102Patients with "cortical deafness" can often retain near normal sensory hearing capacity.
- AVerdadeiro
- BFalso
103[blank_start]Pure word deafness[blank_end], which occurs mostly with [blank_start]left temporal[blank_end] lesions, is an inability to comprehend spoken words despite intact hearing, speech production, reading ability and recognition of non-linguistic sounds.
- APure word deafness
- BDyslexia
- CAlexia
- DAgraphia
- Eleft temporal
- Fright temporal
- Gright parietal
- Hleft occipital
104[blank_start]Auditory agnosia[blank_end] may refer to an inability to recognize auditorily presented environmental sounds. When confined to nonspeech sounds (e.g telephone ringing) it is most frequently associated with right sided [blank_start]posterior temporal[blank_end] lesions.
- Aposterior temporal
- Bmediofrontal
- Coccipital
- Dthalamatic
- EAuditory agnosia
- FPure word deafness
- GAuditory aphasia
- HAuditory acalculia
105[blank_start]Wernicke's aphasia[blank_end] patients may speak in fluent and syntactically correct sentences that has no semantic meaning. This condition is most commonly associated with [blank_start]left temporal[blank_end] damage.
- AWernicke's aphasia
- BBroca's aphasia
- CRichards aphasia
- DAnomic
- Eleft temporal
- Fright temporal
- Gright frontal
- Hleft parietal
106[blank_start]Anomia[blank_end] is a disorder related to the retrieval of words which may disrupt fluent speech.
- AAnomia
107right temporal lesions are rarely associated with language deficits, however difficulties naming and recognizing [blank_start]facial expressions[blank_end] have been reported.
- Afacial expressions
- Btools
- Canimals
108Relative cortical specializations relating to type for different categories of common nouns have been identified. For example some regions have been associated with animal names, whereas others have been associated with the names of tools.
- AVerdadeiro
- BFalso
109Damage to the right temporal lobe may result in which of the following symptoms? Choose ALL correct
- ADeficits in spatial, non-verbal and abstract reasoning.
- BAmusia
- CWernicke's aphasia
- DAnomic aphasia
110A primary function of the [blank_start]temporal lobes[blank_end] is memory
- Atemporal lobes
- Boccipital lobes
- Cbrain stem
- Dcentral sulcus
111The [blank_start]medial[blank_end] temporal lobe contains several structures critical for memory including the hippocampus and parahippocampal gyrus.
- Amedial
- Bventral
- Ccaudal
- Dlateral
112Damage to the [blank_start]hippocampus[blank_end] and adjacent areas of the temporal lobe is responsible for the memory impairment that emerges in early Alzheimer's disease.
- Ahippocampus
- Bamygdala
- Cputamen
- Dinternal capsule
113emotional disturbances are associated with lesions involving the hippocampus as well as the [blank_start]amygdala[blank_end] and the [blank_start]uncus[blank_end].
- Aamygdala
- Boptic chiasm
- Cmedulla oblongata
- Duncus
- Eolfactory bulb
- Fcorpus callosum
114Many patients with focal damage to the [blank_start]hippocampus[blank_end] can still recognize single faces, words, objects etc as well as cognitively intact persons. Memory requiring relationships between single stimuli requires the [blank_start]hippocampus[blank_end]. This division of labor explains the severity of memory disorder resulting from these lesions. Even when amnesic patients retain some new learning ability, this new information lack superordinate organizing context.
- Ahippocampus
- Bhippocampus
115Which type of memory is the hippocampus MOST CLOSELY associated with
- AOlder autobiographical memories
- BRecently aqcuired declarative information
- COld declariative memories
- DRecently aquired procedural memory
116Which is true of older memories:
- AWhilst the hippocampus probably plays a role in the recollection of old memories. Old memories are most likely largely distributed throughout the cerebral cortex, and do not rely on the hippocampus in the same way as newly acquired information.
- BOld (declarative) memories are primarily stored in the hippocampus.
- CWhilst the hippocampus probably plays a role in the recollection of old memories. Old memories are most likely largely stored in the basal ganglia, and do not rely on the hippocampus in the same way as newly acquired information.
117Damage to the left hippocampus would mostly like disturb the learning of what type of information?
- ALearning information such as names, new words and verbal facts.
- BLearning informations such as new faces, geographical routes and musical melodies.
118In a famous study, London cab drivers showed an enlargement of certain brain area after acquiring "the knowledge". Considering what you know which region of the brain was likely enlarged.
- ARight hippocampus
- BLeft hippocampus
- CCorpus callosum
- DAnterior horn of the lateral ventricle
119The hippocampus is not involved in learning non-declarative information such as motor skills.
- AVerdadeiro
- BFalso
120The medial temporal lobes are not involved in working memory, nor are they involved in maintaining or processing information over very short intervals.
- AVerdadeiro
- BFalso
121Retrieval of information involving a single sensory modality appears to be most strongly associated with the associated cortex adjacent to the primary sense area. For example, retrieval of visual information is impaired by lesions of the visual association cortex of the occipital lobe.
- AVerdadeiro
- BFalso
122The [blank_start]amygdala[blank_end] is involved in processing emotional stimuli from all major sensory modalities.
- Aamygdala
- Bpons
123Lesions to the [blank_start]premotor division[blank_end] of the frontal lobe do not result in loss of the ability to move, but rather disrupt the integration of the motor components of complex acts, producing discontinuous, uncoordinated or impaired motor skills.
- Apremotor division
- Bprimary motor cortex
- Cprefrontal portion
124Language deficit following damage to the left premotor area most likely do no involve comprehension but rather the ability to organise and produce speech sounds. This is known as oral [blank_start]apraxia[blank_end].
- Aapraxia
125Damage to Broca's area results in
- Aexpressive aphasia
- Bfluent aphasia
126Lesions to the area of the right hemisphere, in the equivalent but contralateral to Broca's area may result in flat monotonic speech and difficulties with involving fluent prosody.
- AVerdadeiro
- BFalso
127The [blank_start]prefrontal[blank_end] lobes are where already correlated incoming information from all sources, external and internal, conscious and unconscious, memory storage and visceral arousal centres is integrated and enters ongoing activity
- Aprefrontal
- Btemporal
- Cprimary motor
- Dparietal
128The [blank_start]ventromedial[blank_end] prefrontal cortex plays a key role in impulse control and in regulation and maintenance of set and ongoing behaviour.
- Aventromedial
- Bdorsolateral
- Cparietal
- Dsuperior medial
129Behavioural problems with starting, stopping or switching tasks, deficits in self awareness, and a concrete attitude are associated with damage to which major area of the brain?
- AAmygdala
- BParietal Lobe
- CPrefrontal cortex
- DLimbic system
Informações
- Descrição
- Functional Neuroanatomy
- Autor
- Dan Myles
- Idioma
- English
- Visualizações
- 376
- Etiquetas
- Avaliação
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